In recent years, with the increase in the import volume of iron ore in China, unqualified ore at various ports has frequently appeared. The deep reason for the unqualified import mines is that the status of the supply and demand sides is not equal, and the direct reason is the use of information asymmetry, mining companies abuse the dominant position. Improving basic work and improving the business capabilities of importing companies are the key to solving problems. The frequency of imported mines is now unqualified. At the end of July, Huangdao Inspection and Quarantine Bureau intercepted a batch of Romanian iron ore with doped oxide scale and implemented the return treatment as required. From January to June this year, Huangdao Port imported 45.11 million tons of iron ore, a total of 1482 batches. Among them, 669 batches of unqualified iron ore were detected, weighing 8.84 million tons, and the weight accounted for nearly 20% of the port's imports. Huangdao Port is an important import port for Qingdao Customs, which is the largest importer of iron ore in China. In the first half of this year, Huangdao Port's iron ore imports accounted for 13.5% of the national total, accounting for 53% of Qingdao Customs. The Bureau published "Iron Ore Inspection Technology" to provide technical support for the field of iron ore inspection. As a major import port, Huangdao is still able to detect such a proportion of unqualified products, and other ports are even worse. For example, in the first half of the same period, Jiangsu Nantong Port imported 5.548 million tons of iron ore, 2.396 million tons of unqualified, unqualified rate (weight 43.2%. Imported iron ore products are unqualified, mainly iron ore moisture, impurities, grade Non-compliance with regulations, etc. Small and medium-sized mining enterprises have large cargo moisture. In the Indian mines imported from the first half of the Jingtang port, there are 215 batches of water than the shipment results, accounting for 90.72% of the total imported Indian mines. However, the water problem is not a “patent†for small and medium-sized mining enterprises, and each production area may appear. Brazil is a tropical rain forest climate with large rainfall, high iron ore water content, and easy to mix cargo and water on board when loading. Statistics, 10 Brazilian iron ore, the total dry weight of the bill of lading is 1,457,500 tons, the actual arrival weight is 1,438,100 tons, the lack of 19,000 tons, the short rate is 13.3 ‰. In addition to reduce the dust flying, some ports are loaded side Sprinkling water. In July, a group of Australian iron ore in Huangdao, due to high moisture content of the goods, the goods were seriously short and heavy. After inspection and verification, the dry weight of the goods was 790.334 tons (wet weight ratio). The single weight is 13.9 tons, and the short weight rate is as high as 10.8‰. Of course, the quality of ore is very different. The dispute is more than the grade, that is, the iron content of the cargo is lower than the seller's warranty and the relevant provisions of the contract. Imported iron ore Unqualified quality directly affects the interests of iron and steel enterprises. Blast furnace ironmaking is based on concentrates, and the fuel ratio and coke ratio increase due to the decline in grade, and the amount of iron slag increases. In recent years, even iron content of cargo at ports is less than 50. %, can not be used directly, loss of utilization value, such goods mostly come from small and medium-sized mining enterprises and emerging production areas. July 28 news, Qingdao Port of a number of imported iron ore in Malaysia, its iron content is less than the contract 7.8 percentage points. Some Australian companies use the method of loading and unloading, neglecting the quality control of iron ore, resulting in a decrease in the grade of iron ore. In addition, it contains other impurity elements, such as silica, and harmful impurities such as sulphur, cobalt, vanadium and other compounds. , and solid waste such as oxide scale, have increased the burden of steel mill smelting. Another situation is more concealed, that is, mine The unstable grade is quite tricky. The same batch of goods, part of the sampling inspection grade is 65%, but the other part is below 59%, the ore quality is unstable, which makes it difficult to determine the iron content of the cargo, increase the difficulty of use, the steel mill can not be precise Compared with other raw materials, it is difficult for the blast furnace to exert efficiency. If there is no contract, the steel mill is difficult to rely on the unqualified grade as the basis, claim or return. The deep reason for the unqualified import and supply frequency is that the supply and demand are not equal. The direct cause is the use of information asymmetry, mining companies abuse their dominant position. In recent years, global steel production has grown rapidly, driving demand for iron ore to rise, driving resource prices up. But quality resources are ultimately scarce, both old and new. The balance is broken and tilted toward the supply side. The monopoly advantage of ore enterprises has been strengthened. Luo Bingsheng, executive vice president of China Iron and Steel Association, said that the world's three major mining companies control the market share of global iron ore seaborne trade by 70%. They use monopoly status and supply in short supply to increase prices and adopt ultimatum negotiations. The strategy forces demanders, including Chinese steel companies, to accept high-priced iron ore and threaten to stop supply if they do not accept it. On the one hand, the strong position of traditional mining enterprises, on the other hand, with the increase of mining volume, the world's iron ore mining grade is declining year by year, and more iron ore must be mined to produce the same iron content as in the past. The number of mines. The grade of iron ore imported from China is also declining. The China Iron and Steel Association announced that the average grade of imported iron ore in 2010 was 61.7%, down 0.57 percentage points from 62.27% in 2009. At the same time, the moisture and harmful components are increasing. Especially from new mining areas. The source of iron ore imports in China has expanded, but it is limited by the quality of mines and mining conditions. The quality of ore in the emerging mining areas is unstable. The mining profits have increased, the market development enthusiasm has risen, and emerging mining areas such as the Middle East, ASEAN, and Central America have emerged. China’s imports from South Africa, Iran, Ukraine, Peru, and Venezuela have increased significantly. Statistics show that in 2010, China imported more than 40 iron ore sources, covering Asia, Europe and Australia and non-US continents. In particular, the mines in Iran and Ukraine have grown significantly, and they have more than doubled in two years. In 2010, China’s iron ore imports from Iran and Ukraine reached more than 10 million tons. In fact, not only the quality of imported ore is declining, domestic mines face the same problem. In the “Main Technical and Economic Indicators of Large and Medium-sized Iron Concentrators in Chinaâ€, the average ore grade of large and medium-sized iron ore dressing plants averaged 30.2% in December 2008. By the second quarter of this year, this indicator fell to 27.8%, two years. It dropped by 2.4 percentage points. However, the decline in iron ore quality is not the key. The problem lies in the abuse of trade advantage by mining companies and the use of downstream emergency procurement mentality. There is a false report and deliberately infringe on the interests of Chinese importers. The reason why suppliers dare to be so open-minded is to use some importers' lack of trade experience and low self-protection ability, which is more obvious in SMEs. Iron ore import transactions are transnational trade. From the perspectives of origin inspection, freight loading, trade contracts, payment methods, claims methods, insurance, etc., it is necessary to have rich experience and business strategies, and have a certain financial background. In this cross-border trade chain, SMEs are in a weak position. However, under the temptation of potential profits, many steel mills and traders have joined overseas procurement, and more and more importers have participated, resulting in an increase in demand side. However, enterprises have insufficient experience and some companies have a strong speculative attitude. Recently, the accumulation of iron ore in the port exceeded 90 million tons, a large part of which is the importer's initiative to press the port, at the late price of the bet. In addition, iron ore has been imported by container. In recent years, it has appeared in ports such as Zhangjiagang, Beilun Port and Jingtang Port. This kind of comparatively different transportation methods makes it difficult to guarantee the quality of ore. The inspection and quarantine faces challenges, and the rights and interests of domestic cargo owners are also vulnerable. Such trade entities are basically small and medium traders. The four major measures to deal with the decline in the quality of imported minerals cannot be solved in the short term because of its deep market background, the improvement of supply and demand, and the difficulty of breaking this unequal temporary balance. We can reduce the risk of information asymmetry, pay attention to the implementation of imported iron ore contracts, and protect the rights and interests of importers. First, improve basic work. Inspection and quarantine, customs and other departments must improve management methods and strengthen the level of inspection. Even if flies are inexhaustible, they should be swarmed. Establish and improve the inspection and quarantine system, and do a good job in technical preparation, so that unqualified iron ore is difficult to pass through. At the same time, while protecting domestic importers, foreign businessmen who are shocked by “organic shackles†have increased their untrustworthy costs, knocking on the mountains and shaking the tigers, and letting the tigers dare not approach. At present, the quicker method is to strengthen the iron ore inspection business training at various ports and promote the more experienced imported iron ore inspection and supervision mechanism in Qingdao and Ningbo, so that the ports with large imports have excellent inspection capability, Ningbo inspection and quarantine. The joint inspection model promoted by the bureau is a good method. Second, we must strengthen the interaction of functional departments. Customs, quarantine and other departments jointly establish the integrity record of suppliers and promote standard contract models. Third, and more importantly, improve the business capabilities of importing companies. The increased capacity of importers, especially SMEs, will reduce or eliminate unqualified iron ore from entering the country. Finally, establish an industry organization, strengthen the information exchange and cooperation between enterprises through the bridge role of industry organizations, improve the business capabilities of traders, and open up new business models, such as joint procurement. Guide the enterprise through the association or functional department, pay attention to the contract signing and quality acceptance clauses, especially the safety, sanitation, environmental protection and weight regulations, and the quality problems of the embankment.
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