1 Introduction In the early 1980s, China introduced a number of CNC devices, spindle and servo system production technologies from Japan, the United States and other countries, and successively put into mass production, which ended the development of CNC machine tools and promoted The development of CNC machine tools. By the early 1990s, the production of CNC machine tools and CNC systems in China had a certain scale, but the CNC machine tool industry in progress was facing a very serious situation. After entering the WTO, China will enter a relatively perfect domestic and international market, and a large number of CNC machine tools and CNC system imports will have a huge impact on the developing CNC industry. Since 2003, China has become the world's largest consumer of machine tools and the world's largest importer of CNC machine tools. With the introduction of the new concept of “digital manufacturing†into China's manufacturing industry, it is necessary to discuss the current status and trends of the domestic CNC machine tool industry.
2 CNC machine concept
The numerical control machine tool is a general term for the working machine that can process the metal blank parts into the required shape under the digital control in terms of dimensional accuracy and geometric precision. CNC machine tools usually consist of a control system, a servo system, a detection system, a mechanical transmission system and other auxiliary systems.
3 Development status of domestic CNC machine tools
The gap between domestic CNC machine tools and the international advanced level is gradually narrowing. CNC machine tools are the mainstream equipment of the contemporary machinery manufacturing industry. The development of domestic CNC machine tools has experienced ups and downs for 30 years. It has entered the mature stage from the growth stage and can provide 1,500 kinds of CNC machine tools. Covering ultra-heavy machine tools, high-precision machine tools, special processing machines, forging equipment, cutting-edge high-tech machine tools, etc., the product categories can be kept on the same level as Japan, Germany, Italy, and the United States. In particular, some technologies in the field of five-axis CNC machine tools, CNC super heavy-duty machine tools, vertical horizontal machining centers, CNC lathes, and CNC gear processing machines have reached the world's advanced level. Among them, the five-axis (coordinate) linkage CNC machine tool is one of the commanding height points of CNC machine tool technology. It integrates computer control, high-performance servo drive and precision machining technology into high-efficiency, precise and automatic processing of complex curved surfaces. It is urgently needed by civil industry and military departments such as power generation, shipbuilding, aerospace, molds and high-precision instruments. Key processing equipment. The application of five-axis linkage CNC machine tools is equivalent to two three-axis machine tools, and can even completely eliminate the investment of some large-scale automated production lines, which greatly saves the space occupied and the working time between different manufacturing units. And fees. The variety of domestic five-axis linkage CNC machine tools is increasing day by day. The international five-axis linkage machining center, five-axis CNC milling machine, five-axis gantry milling machine and five-axis floor milling and boring machine have been successfully developed in China, which has changed the international strong hand to CNC. The monopoly of the machine tool industry.
The problems existing in domestic CNC machine tools Because China's technical level and industrial base are still relatively backward, the performance, level and reliability of CNC machine tools are still very different from those of industrial developed countries, especially the control reliability of CNC systems is still poor. The CNC industry has not really formed. Therefore, accelerating the engineering and commercialization of CNC systems, as soon as possible to complete and improve CNC machine tools and CNC industry has become the main task. The main problems at present are:
The core technology is seriously lacking in statistics. The core technology of CNC machine tools—the CNC system—is composed of displays, controller servos, servo motors, and various switches and sensors. 90% of China needs to be imported. For example, the German Gitmai Group, which is set up in Shanghai, and the Riyadh Machine Tool Group of Italy, and Daewoo General Machinery Co., Ltd., which is established in Yantai, all the core technologies are mastered by foreign parties. The medium and high-end CNC machine tools that can be made in China are more in the assembly and manufacturing process, and generally do not master the core technology. The key components and key technologies of domestic CNC machine tools mainly rely on imports, and there are not many enterprises in China that are really big and strong. At present, the world's three largest manufacturers are: Japan's Fayake, Germany's Siemens, Japan's Mitsubishi; the rest are also French, Muang, Spain. There are Huazhong CNC and aerospace numerical control in China. The domestic CNC system has just begun industrialization and the quality is normal. High-end systems are all imported. Huazhong CNC has developed rapidly in recent years, and the software level is quite good, but it needs to be further improved in terms of electrical hardware. At present, some large domestic factories have not adopted Huazhong CNC.
CNC features are another weak link. In a sense, the functional components will build 21st century modern CNC machine tools. The performance and price of the features determine the performance and price of the CNC machine. The function is not a machine tool attachment, it is the core representative of CNC machine tools. The main faults of domestic CNC machine tools are mostly on the functional components, which is the main source of influence on the use of domestic CNC machine tools. From the development and use of domestic CNC machine tools, functional components urgently need technical research. Especially in the numerical control tool hysteresis is reflected quite strongly. Domestic CNC tools have obvious gaps in terms of life and reliability, and they are far from meeting the requirements of users in terms of variety, performance and quality. Due to the small variety of domestically produced tools and low life, it seriously affects the efficiency of CNC machine tools. The CNC machine tools imported by the research institutes are equipped with a large number of imported CNC tools. Due to the high price, users are unbearable. Overseas manufacturers such as CNC vertical and horizontal rotary tables, CNC indexing plates and CNC electric tool holders are also slightly better.
The gap between national brands and international brands is obvious. In June 2004, a spot check of Guangdong machine tool users revealed that among the various brands of CNC machine tools, users have paid more attention to CNC machine tools brands such as Europe, Japan, the United States, South Korea and Taiwan. It accounts for more than 60% of the total market. The gap in brand awareness has led users to give more opportunities to the overseas “powerful†of CNC machine tools in the selection of processing equipment. For example, the cylinder production line of an engine (group) Co., Ltd. of Harbin is a fully automatic processing line. The roughing process uses the automatic line of Daewoo Heavy Industry of Korea. The finishing machine selects the automatic line of the British CROSS HULLE company. The cylinder head processing line is The high-speed machining center and special machine automatic line manufactured by Cross. Huller of Germany, the automatic on-line measuring machine made in Germany, the fully automatic sealing detector and the washing machine made in Japan. The crankshaft production line is a fully automatic flexible water production line. The finishing line consists of Japan's CNC high-speed CBN grinding machine, dynamic balancing machine and polishing machine.
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