[Abstract] This paper introduces the basic structure, working principle, performance and ground engineering of deep well hand pump, aiming to popularize this economical and suitable water abstraction equipment to suitable rural areas as a supplementary engineering form to solve the problem of drinking water in local rural areas . In the China / UNICEF cycle cooperation program from 1996 to 2000, the Ministry of Water Resources, in cooperation with UNICEF, implemented and popularized the low-cost rural water supply technology mainly based on deep well hand pumps in the remote and marginal areas of our country. Deep well hand pump is based on UNICEF gratis aid technology, combined with the actual situation in our country, jointly developed by experts at home and abroad to design deep well water lifting equipment. Unlike the traditional hand pump widely used in rural areas in our country, it is a deep well manual piston pump that relies on lifting work. This pump low investment, low operating costs, high water supply guarantee, easy operation, simple maintenance, good sealing, easy to pollution, solid and reliable, long service life. The design of the pump water supply capacity of 1.08 t / h, lift to 7 ~ 40 m, up to 70 m. Available for about 200 people in rural areas. For living scattered, lack of oil less electricity, with suitable hydro-geological conditions in rural areas. A deep well hand pump basic structure Deep well hand pump consists of pump head, water pipe and pump cylinder composed of three parts. The basic structure and assembly shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Pump head by the handle, chain, brackets and legs and other components. Pump head is a deep well hand pump power transmission part. When in use, a human operator manipulates the handle to pull the piston through the pull rod to move the piston up and down and raise the water along the water delivery pipe to above ground level. All parts of the pump head are made of steel, galvanized for the surface of anti-corrosion treatment. The water pipe is composed of tie rods, pipes and fittings, and the number of tie rods and pipes is determined by the water level in the well. Pump cylinder is a key component of deep well manual pump. By the piston rod, top hat, pump cylinder, piston hoop, brass bushing, check valve and bottom cap and other components. Pump cylinder arranged at the bottom of the water pipe, submerged 0.5 m below the water surface ~ 1 m above the bottom of the range. Pumping process and working principle of the deep well hand pump are as follows: When the user operates the handle, the piston cuff 5 and the pump plug 8 are driven to reciprocate up and down in the pump cylinder 4 through the piston rod 1 (see FIG. 3). When the piston hoop 5 moves upward, the split upper valve slide 6 automatically closes, the water in the upper part of the piston hoop 5 is lifted into the water pipe, and the lower part of the piston hoop 5 forms a vacuum, and the water in the well will open under negative pressure Split type valve slide 15 into the pump cylinder. When the piston cuff 5 moves downwards, the split lower valve sliding groove 15 automatically closes, and the water in the upper part of the split upper valve sliding groove 6 goes back up to the upper part of the pump cylinder 4. When a human operator moves the handle continuously, the water in the well continually enters the pump cylinder from the lower part to the upper part, and then enters the aqueduct to be raised above the ground. 3 domestic deep well hand pump performance parameters and applicable conditions Technical performance and main parameters are as follows: (1) flow: 1.08 m3 / h (40 times per minute basis). (2) Lift: 7 ~ 40 m. (3) Piston diameter: 63.5 mm. (4) Piston stroke: 145 mm. (5) Volumetric efficiency: 97%. Deep well hand pumps are suitable for installation in vertical wells with a borehole diameter of 100-150 mm (borehole diameter must be greater than 100 mm). In the upper part of the water pipe designed with antifreeze hole, can be -25 ~ 30 ℃ in normal use in cold areas. 4 deep well manual pump technical requirements 4.1 installation requirements (1) brackets and legs must be embedded in concrete fixed. (2) A well that is of acceptable quality must be constructed around the hand pump. (3) Drainage facilities must be constructed outside the well platform. (4) Restroom, livestock ring or manure shall not be built within a diameter of 50 m from the hand pump. (5) From the ground to below the permafrost, drill a 1 mm diameter anti-freeze seepage hole in the water pipe. 4.2 Deep well manual pump well (1) Manual pump must be installed in a solid concrete platform. (2) The platform can be built round (diameter 2 m) or square (2 m × 2 m). (3) The platform must have a certain slope and a drainage channel to ensure that the remaining water enters the natural drainage and farmland or seepage pond. (4) The pump outlet is aligned with the centerline of the well. (5) The installed pump should be sealed to prevent stagnant water from flowing into the well. (6) The construction of the well should be firm and crack-free. Pump head should be firm, no shaking. 4.3 Manual pump seepage tank (1) The remaining water in the well is drained through drains. If it is inconvenient to drain into natural drains or farmland, a seepage tank must be constructed. (2) The distance between the seepage basin and the well platform should be not less than 3 m. The seepage basin should be filled with sand, gravel, etc. to infiltrate the ground and prevent ground pollution. (3) If constructing a livestock drinking water pool or laundry pool, not less than 5 m from the pump. 5 Conclusion Deep well hand pumps have been applied and popularized in the suitable areas of 12 provinces since the introduction in the 1980s with the help of the Ministry of Water Resources and the United Nations Children's Fund. 18 602 deep well hand pumps have been installed and beneficiaries have a population of 100 Over 10,000 people are expected to reach 30,000 by 2000. The introduction of deep well hand pump technology has played a positive role in solving the issue of rural drinking water in our country, especially in remote and poverty-stricken areas.
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