Motor vehicle sewage charges

Pressure air does not exceed the standard city 70%

On the 4th, the capital was overcast. As of 20:00 the same day, data from the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Monitoring Center showed that PM2.5 was in the “moderately polluted” interval at most monitoring sites in the main urban area.

On the same day, the “Environmental Environment Bulletin of China 2012” released by the Ministry of Environmental Protection shows that in 2012, the annual average concentration of nitrogen dioxide in 43 cities above the prefecture level exceeded the national standard, accounting for 13.2% of the total; the average annual amount of inhalable particulate matter in 186 cities Concentration exceeded 57.2%. Both sources of pollutant emissions are related to motor vehicles. In addition, according to the new environmental air quality standard evaluation, out of the 113 key environmental protection cities, the proportion of cities with unsatisfactory ambient air quality is as high as 76.1%.

The latest edition of the "Motor Vehicle Pollution Prevention and Control Annual Report" issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection at the end of last year mentioned that tail gas emissions have become a major source of air pollution in our country and are an important cause of haze and photochemical smog pollution. At the same time, because motor vehicles are mostly driven in densely populated areas, exhaust emissions directly affect people's health. According to calculations, during the “12th Five-Year Plan” period, China will also add more than 100 million motor vehicles and consume 100 to 150 million tons of new gasoline and diesel fuel. The resulting atmospheric pressure is very large.

The environmental protection tax law review draft stipulates that taxpayers who are environmental taxation units and individuals that directly discharge pollutants and carbon dioxide into the environment in China shall pay environmental protection taxes in accordance with the provisions of this Law. At the same time, the review draft included the taxable pollutants and carbon dioxide emitted by vehicles in the statutory tax exemption.

The multi-ministry that drafted the review draft explained that in order to promote the development of the transportation industry, domestic demand was expanded and the air pollutants and carbon dioxide emitted by motor vehicles were exempted from tax. In addition, in the current tax system, there are already three types of taxes: vehicle and vessel taxes, consumption taxes, and vehicle purchase taxes. These taxes and regulations govern the production and use of motor vehicles. Taxes on vehicle and boat taxes and excise duties are taxed according to emissions, and they have played an active role in promoting energy conservation and emission reduction. In the current environment of promoting structural tax cuts, it is not appropriate to increase logistics costs. Therefore, no environmental tax is levied on motor vehicles.

At the same time, the above-mentioned ministry proposed that in the future, taking into account that the emission of nitrogen oxides from motor vehicles accounts for more than one-third of the country's total, it is the main carrier of PM2.5 in the air, and sewage charges should be levied on these vehicles, and will be given priority. Heavy vehicles with 11% of motor vehicle ownership but 86% of emissions are included in the collection of environmental taxes.

The person in charge of the Ministry of Environmental Protection previously stated that according to the classification of vehicles, the nitrogen oxides and particulates emitted by trucks nationwide are significantly higher than passenger cars, of which heavy-duty trucks are the main contributors. According to the classification of fuel, the nitrogen oxides emitted by diesel vehicles across the country are close to 70% of the total vehicle emissions, and particulate matter exceeds 90% of the total vehicle emissions.

Wu Hao, an associate professor at the School of Environmental Studies at Tsinghua University, speculated that not all people own heavy vehicles and that the introduction of vehicle sewage charges into heavy vehicles has a relatively small impact. However, a number of interviewed experts reminded that there are some risks in the introduction of heavy-duty trucks: there is a rigid demand for freight vehicles. Once the automobile sewage charges are introduced, the amount of vehicles used and the number of trips cannot be suppressed, but the logistics costs will be transmitted to the downstream building materials. Agricultural products and other industries have caused prices to rise.

Path to oil or car toll

In the most recent month, vehicle sewage charges have become the focus of the **.

Last month, an automobile industry reported that it was reported that "the timetable for the collection of vehicle sewage charges was determined." The newspaper quoted sources as saying: "At present, the state is formulating a plan to levy sewage charges for vehicles. It is likely to be implemented in Beijing during the year. The specific plan is that sewage charges may be added to automobile fuel charges, which are charged on behalf of gas stations. It's about 2 yuan per liter."

The reporter of the "Economic Information Daily" subsequently told the person in charge of the relevant office of the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau that the person responded that "this matter is very complicated and far from that step." An environmental protection expert who declined to be named revealed to reporters that this plan has been shelved.

According to local media in Shenzhen on the 4th, relevant person in charge of the Shenzhen Municipal People's Committee, said that the vehicle sewage charge is a measure to control the rapid growth of motor vehicles, traffic congestion control, air pollution control measures, whether this measure is introduced, must be combined with Shenzhen's Specific conditions, such as economic development, traffic conditions, environmental pollution, and social impacts, are considered by the city's traffic management department to take the lead in further research.

The "Shenzhen Environmental Quality Improvement Action Plan" was already proposed in 2012. By the end of 2012, the Municipal Development and Reform Commission will be responsible for studying and formulating policies and measures for collecting sewage charges based on the displacement of conventional fuel vehicles. In October last year, this newspaper disclosed the options for the three researches on Shenzhen's automobile sewage charges: Initially, it considered that there were more than 1.0 liters and 1.5 liters or more emission thresholds, and the starting amount was 300 yuan and 500 yuan per year. Three considerations and 1,000 yuan. However, an official from the Shenzhen Municipal Development and Reform Commission told reporters at the end of last year that he was constrained by resistance and the plan was not completed on time.

An environmental official in the above-mentioned area told the reporter that it is more convenient to charge by oil charge (Beijing plan) than by car charge (Shenzhen plan). He explained that if a large-displacement car is parked in a garage all the time, it is unfair to collect high sewage charges. But if you open a hole, then all heavy vehicles can say that they did not open, it is not clear. Coupled with the fact that one to two percent of cars today do not participate in annual inspections, they cannot pursue sewage charges with them.

“Acquisition of automobile sewage charges must take into account four factors: regional, model, displacement, and mileage.” Yuexin, director of the Vehicle Emissions Laboratory at the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, suggests that Nanjing can learn from Nanjing’s experience to retrofit vehicles “ "Electronic label", the implementation of monitoring the entire displacement.

Yue Xin analyzed that there are two shortcomings in levying automobile sewage charges according to displacement: First, a Beijing-Five large-displacement vehicle does not necessarily have to be ranked higher than a small-displacement vehicle of a second-tier country. More often than not, the second is that the car must be paid for but not opened, which will indirectly stimulate the owner to increase the trip. Correspondingly, the vehicle sewage charges are counted in oil money. The advantage is that it can be linked to mileage, more cars, more fuel, more charges, the disadvantage is that they can not be charged according to different discharge stages, displacement, is not conducive to Encourage car companies to promote energy conservation and emission reductions.

“Which schemes have loopholes, this is the reason why mobile pollution sources (motor vehicles) are more difficult to charge than fixed pollution sources (factories).” Xu Wen, researcher at the Taxation Policy Research Office of the Institute of Fiscal Sciences, Ministry of Finance, believes that fuel consumption is levied. Sewage charges, if the entire region can not advance together, such as Beijing to levy vehicle sewage charges and Hebei did not, then some heavy trucks running cargo will go to Hebei to refuel, which there is a collection of loopholes.

Advice on rational design of taxes and fees

"Frankly speaking, I feel very helpless about this." Shen Jinjun, executive vice chairman of the China Automobile Dealers Association, said in an interview with the reporter of the Economic Information Daily that if the public transportation system cannot be popularized, the collection of vehicle sewage charges will not reduce the machine. Motor vehicle ownership and travel volume. Because of the rigid nature of automobile consumption in large cities, whether it is limited, limited number, limited purchase, limited signing or the introduction of automobile sewage charges, it will not be able to make the sky of the city blue.

Shen Jinjun further said that the automobile is undoubtedly one of the sources of air pollution, but from the excise tax to the vehicle purchase tax to the vehicle and boat tax, the tax burden on the car has become very heavy. He believes that instead of levying a sewage charge on the consumer side, it's better to