Battery cell
A power source that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy is a basic functional unit consisting of electrodes, electrolytes, vessels, extremes, and often isolation layers.
Battery battery
Press the battery that can be recharged.
Note: Recharge is achieved by a reversible chemical reaction.
Lead acid battery leadacid oxide lead battery; lead acid battery
A battery containing a dilute sulfuric acid-based electrolyte, a lead dioxide cathode, and a lead anode.
Note: Lead-acid batteries are often called batteries (rejected).
Battery pack battery
One or more single cells equipped with the necessary equipment for use (such as housing, terminals, signs and protective devices).
Solid electrolyte battery solidelectrolyte battery
A battery using an ion-conductive solid as an electrolyte.
Note: For example, the electrolyte may be silver iodide or a polymer salt.
Activate activation
The electrochemically active component of the battery has the final step of generating electrical energy.
Note: Activation may include the introduction of electrolytes, liquids or gaseous actives by igniting firearms or other means.
Inactivated inactivated
The electrochemically active component of the battery does not yet have the function of generating electrical energy.
Fully sealed battery hermeticallysealed battery
A hermetically sealed battery without a pressure relief device.
Plate plate
An electrode of a battery composed of a current collector and an active material.
Note: The collector of the plates can be in the form of metal strips, grids, meshes, rods, wires or sintered porous metals.
Paste plate
The conductive current collector is coated with a plate of a paste-like active material.
Polar group
a set of plates of the same polarity electrically connected together
Negative plate negativeplate
Generally, it refers to a battery assembly containing an active material that oxidizes upon discharge.
Positive plate positive plate
Generally, it refers to a battery assembly containing a reducing active material that is generated upon discharge.
Tubular plate tubularplate
A positive electrode plate consisting of a perforated tubular perforated metal or fabric sleeve assembly with a collecting core in the center; the tube is filled with an active material.
Polar group plate pack
The final assembly of the positive and negative polarities of the separator, terminal or connecting strip with spacers inserted.
Plate pair platepair
A collection of a positive plate, a negative plate, and a separator (if any) therebetween.
Separator
A battery assembly made of an ion permeable material that prevents contact between opposite polarity plates in the battery.
Valve valve
A battery pack that allows gas to flow in only one direction.
Note: The valve has a unique exhaust (ie open) pressure and a closing pressure.
Battery slot case
A container for containing a pole group and an electrolyte made of a non-leakage electrolyte material.
Battery cover
The part used to cover the battery compartment usually has a liquid filling hole, an air hole and a terminal lead hole.
Note: It can also be used as a small cover to close the individual cells of the overall groove.
Battery sealant lidsealing compound
Material used to seal the battery cover from the slot or terminal.
Terminal
A conductive component of a device, circuit, or grid that is used to connect a device, circuit, or grid to one or more conductors.
Terminal protector; terminal cover
An insulating layer to avoid extreme electrical contact with the battery.
Negative terminal
It is convenient for the external circuit to connect the conductive parts of the negative pole of the battery.
Positive terminal
It is convenient for the external circuit to connect the conductive parts of the positive electrode of the battery.
Active surface of an electrode
An interface between the electrolyte and the electrode where an electrode reaction occurs.
Anode anode
Usually refers to an electrode that undergoes an oxidation reaction.
Note: The anode is the negative electrode at the time of discharge and the positive electrode at the time of charging.
Cathode cathode
Usually refers to the electrode where the reduction reaction takes place.
Note: The cathode is the positive electrode at the time of discharge and the negative electrode at the time of charging.
Electrolyte electrolytete
A liquid or solid substance containing mobile ions having ionic conductivity.
Note: The electrolyte can be a liquid, a solid or a gel.
Electrolyte crawling electrolytecreep
The electrolyte membrane gradually expands gradually on the outer surface of the battery.
Note: Crawling sometimes manifests as visible solid deposits or wet marks.
Electrolyte retention capacity
The ability of a battery to retain electrolyte under specified mechanical and environmental conditions.
Leaking leakage
Electrolytes, gases or other substances escape unexpectedly from the battery.
Active material activematerial
A substance that chemically reacts to generate electrical energy when the battery is discharged.
Note: The active substance in the battery can return to its original state when charged.
Active material mixture
A mixture of an active substance capable of undergoing a chemical reaction to generate electrical energy with other components and additives.
Battery tray
A container with a chassis and a side wall for accommodating a plurality of single cells or battery packs.
Output cable outputcable
A cable for electrical connection of battery terminals to loads and/or chargers.
Connector connector
A conductor used to carry current between components in a circuit.
Note: For example, a connector that is electrically connected between two single cells or between a battery terminal and a battery terminal or between a battery terminal and an external circuit and an auxiliary device.
Electrochemical reaction
It is accompanied by the transfer of electrons into and out of the active substance, and the chemical reaction involving oxidation or reduction of chemical components.
Note: Electrode reactions also involve other chemical reactions including sub-reactions on the battery electrodes.
Electrode polarization
There is a difference between the electrode potential when a current flows and the electrode potential when no current flows.
Reverse polarity reversal cell reversal
The polarity of the battery electrode is reversed. This is usually caused by over-discharge of a low-capacity battery in a series battery.
Crystalline polarization
Electrode polarization caused by crystal nucleation and growth phenomena.
Activation polarization
Electrode polarization caused by the charge transfer step in the electrode reaction.
Anodic polarization anodicpolarization
Electrode polarization accompanying electrochemical oxidation reactions.
Cathodic polarization cathodicpolarization
Polarization of the electrode accompanying the electrochemical reduction reaction.
Concentration polarization concentration polarization; mass transferpolarization
Electrode polarization caused by the concentration gradient of reactants and products in the electrode.
Ohmic polarization ohmicpolarization
Electrode polarization caused by current passing through an ohmic resistor in an electrode or electrolyte.
Reaction polarization reactionpolarization
Polarization of the electrode caused by a chemical reaction that hinders the reaction of the electrode.
Anode reaction anodicreaction
Electrode reaction involving electrochemical oxidation.
Cathodic reaction cathodicreaction
Electrode reaction involving electrochemical reduction.
Side reaction; secondary reaction; parasiticreation
Additional excess reactions in the battery can result in reduced charging efficiency as well as loss of capacity, lifetime, or performance.
Capacity (battery) capacity (forcells or batteries)
The charge output by the battery under specified discharge conditions.
Note: The international unit of charge (or charge) is Coulomb (1 C = 1As), but in fact the battery capacity is usually expressed in ampere (Ah).
Rated capacity ratedcapacity
The capacity value of the battery measured under specified conditions and declared by the manufacturer.
Residual capacity
The capacity remaining in the battery after discharge, use or storage under specified test conditions.
Volume (comparative) capacity volumetriccapacity
The ratio of the capacity of a battery to its volume.
Note: The volumetric specific capacity is usually expressed in cubic meters per minute (Ah/dm3).
Temperature coefficient (of thecapacity)
The ratio of the change in capacity of the battery to the corresponding change in temperature.
Quality (ratio) capacity gravimetriccapacity
The ratio of the capacity of a battery to its mass.
Note: The mass specific capacity is usually expressed in kilograms per hour (Ah/kg).
Area (ratio) capacity areiccapacity
The ratio of the capacity of a battery to its planar area.
Note: The area specific capacity is usually expressed in ampere-hours per square meter (Ah/m2).
Battery energy batteryenergy
The electrical energy output by the battery under specified conditions.
Note: The international unit of energy is Joule (1 J = 1 Ws), but in fact battery energy is usually expressed in watt hours (Wh). (1Wh=3 600J)
(battery) volumetric energy (related to battery)
The ratio of the energy of a battery to its volume.
Note: Volumetric energy is usually expressed in watt-hours per liter (Wh/l).
(battery) discharge discharge (ofa battery)
The process by which the battery outputs the generated electrical energy to the external circuit under specified conditions.
Discharge current discharge current
The current that the battery outputs when it is discharged.
Discharge rate dischargerate
The current that the battery discharges.
Note: The rated capacity divided by the corresponding discharge time is the current, ie the discharge rate.
Short-circuit current (related to cells or batteries)
The battery outputs a ** current to a zero resistance or an external circuit that reduces the battery voltage to near zero volts.
Note: Zero resistance is an imaginary condition. In fact, the short-circuit current is the ** current flowing in a circuit whose resistance is very low compared to the internal resistance of the battery.
Self-discharge selfdischarge
The phenomenon that the energy of the battery does not enter the external circuit through discharge but is otherwise lost.
Note: See the charge retention capability.
Discharge voltage (battery) dischargevoltage(relatedto cells or batteries)
Closed circuit voltage
Load voltage (rejected) onload voltage (deprecated)
The voltage between the two terminals when the battery is discharged.
Initial discharge voltage
Initial closed circuit voltage
Initial load voltage (rejected) initialon load voltage (deprecated)
The voltage at which the battery begins to discharge and the transient phenomenon has just disappeared.
End-of-discharge voltage; final voltage; cut-off voltage; end-point voltage
The voltage at the end of the specified discharge.
Nominal voltage nominalvoltage
An appropriate voltage approximation used to mark or identify a battery or an electrochemical system.
Open-circuit voltage (related to cells or batteries)
The voltage (OCV) of the battery when the discharge current is zero.
Open circuit voltage temperature coefficient temperaturecoefficient of the open-circuitvoltage
The ratio of the open circuit voltage change to the corresponding temperature change.
Specific characteristic (battery) specificcharacteristic(relateto cells or batteries)
The ratio of the amount of electricity given by the battery to its mass, volume or area.
Note: The specific characteristics can be expressed in cubic meters per hour (Ah/dm3), watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg), and so on.
Charge retention
Capacity retention capacity
The ability of the battery to maintain capacity under open conditions with specified conditions.
Note: “Self-discharge†is also visible.
Apparent internal resistance
The ratio of the voltage change of the battery under the specified conditions to the corresponding change in discharge current.
Note: Apparent internal resistance is expressed in ohms
Residual active mass
The charged active material remaining in the battery after the battery is discharged to the specified termination voltage.
Use quality servicemass
The total mass of the battery under the conditions of use.
Parallel parallelconnection
A connection method in which the positive terminal and the negative terminal of each unit cell or battery are connected together.
And parallel parallelseries connection
A connection method in which a parallel battery cell or battery is connected in series.
Serial series connection
A method of sequentially connecting a positive electrode terminal of a single cell or a battery to a negative electrode terminal of a next single cell or battery.
Series and parallel seriesparallel connection
A connection method in which batteries or cells in series are connected in parallel.
Nominal value
Used to mark and identify the magnitude of a component, device, device, or system.
Note: The nominal value is generally an approximate value.
Battery durability batteryendurance
The performance of the battery is indicated by numerical values ​​under the test conditions for a given simulated work.
Storage test storagetest
Tests for capacity loss, open circuit voltage, short circuit current or other parameters after storage of the battery under specified conditions.
Service life
Discharge time
The total time the battery is working effectively.
Note: The battery life can be expressed as the time available, the number of charge and discharge cycles, or the hourly (Ah) capacity.
Storage life; shelf life; shelf life
Storage time of the battery under specified conditions. At the end of the storage period, the battery still has the specified performance.
Continuous work test
Test for uninterrupted discharge.
Battery bottom pad batterybase
A base pad, usually composed of an insulating material, for a stationary battery or an integral battery.
Battery combo box batterycrate
A slatted container for holding a plurality of batteries.
Flame retardant hole flamearrestor vent; flameearrestervent
Specially designed holes to prevent the flame front from entering the battery or spreading out of the battery.
Note: Flames may be generated by sparks or external open flames igniting combustible electrolyte gases.
Safety hole safetyvent
A specially designed vent for the purpose of releasing gas from the battery to prevent excessive internal pressure from damaging the battery compartment.
Exhaust battery ventedcell
The battery cover has a passageway that allows electrolysis and evaporation of the product to escape freely from the battery to the battery in the atmosphere.
Valve-regulated lead-acid battery valveveregulatedlead acid battery
VRLA (abbreviation) VRLA (abbreviation)
A sealed battery with a valve that allows gas to escape when the internal pressure of the battery exceeds a predetermined value.
Note: This battery or battery pack cannot be filled with electrolyte under normal conditions.
Non-leakable battery non-spillablecell
A battery that is placed in an arbitrary orientation and in which the electrolyte cannot leak.
Note: Some vented batteries can also be designed to operate without leakage while operating within the limits specified by the manufacturer.
Saddle mudribs
A bracket at the bottom of the slot supports the pole group and thereby forms a space for accommodating the deposition of active material that is detached from the plate without causing a short circuit between the plates.
Vent cap ventcap
A component installed in the battery injection hole that allows the electrolysis gas to be discharged from the battery.
Battery rack batteryrack
One or more layers of brackets or fences for mounting batteries or integral slots in stationary batteries.
Maintenance free battery maintenance-freebattery
Under the specified operating conditions, no battery is required for maintenance during the service life.
Starting ability
The ability of the battery to supply power to the engine's starter motor under specified conditions.
Battery charging chargingof a battery
The external circuit supplies power to the battery to cause chemical changes in the battery to convert the electrical energy into chemical energy for storage.
Cycling (of battery or battery)
A group operation in which the batteries are repeatedly repeated in the same order.
Note: For batteries, these operations consist of discharging under specified conditions followed by charging or charging followed by discharging. This sequence can include intermittent times.
Wet type rechargeable battery drainedcharged battery
A plate or separator of a single cell contains a small amount of electrolyte in a charged state of the battery.
Dry charge battery drycharged battery
Each battery contains no electrolyte, and the plates are dry and in a charged state. This is the delivery status of certain types of batteries.
Discharged unfilled (cell or battery); discharged unfilled (cell or battery)
An uncharged battery that contains no electrolyte or draws electrolyte and seals the battery to prevent oxygen from entering.
With charged battery filledfillery
Each battery contains an electrolyte and the battery plate is in a charged state. This is the delivery status of certain types of batteries.
Liquid non-charged battery filleddischargeery
Each battery contains an electrolyte, and the battery plate is in a non-charged state. This is the delivery status of certain types of batteries.
Unformed dry battery unformeddry cell
There have been no electrolytes injected, and the active materials have not yet undergone certain types of batteries for so-called "chemicalization" processes.
Floating battery batteryonfloat(charge); floating battery(deprecated)
The terminals are permanently connected to a battery on a constant voltage source sufficient to maintain the battery near full charge for powering the circuit during a temporary interruption of normal power supply.
Charging capacity chargeacceptance
The ability of a battery to increase its state of charge under specified conditions.
Urgent charge boostcharge
Accelerate charging with a current or voltage greater than normal (for a particular design) in a short period of time.
Constant current charging
Regardless of the voltage or temperature of the battery, the current is held at a constant value during charging.
Charging efficiency chargeefficiency
The ratio of the amount of power output (Ah) to the amount of power input (watt hour) during the previous charge.
Balanced charge equalization charge
In order to ensure that each single battery in the battery pack has the same state of charge and continues charging.
Charging factor chargefactor
The amount of discharge must be multiplied by a factor to determine the amount of charge required to return the battery pack to its original state of charge.
Note: Charging factor is the reciprocal of charging efficiency
Fully charged full charge
A state of charging, i.e., a state in which all available active materials do not significantly increase capacity when charged under selected conditions.
Initial charge initialcharge
The new battery is charged ** times at the beginning of its service life.
Overcharge
Continue charging of a fully charged battery or battery pack.
Note: Charging behavior that exceeds a certain limit specified by the manufacturer is also an overcharge.
Charging rate (battery and battery pack) charge rate (relatingtosecondary cells and batteries)
The current that charges the battery.
Note: This current is represented by the reference current It, and It(A)=Cn(Ah)/n(h). Where Cn is the rated capacity declared by the manufacturer and n is the time base in hours corresponding to the claimed rated capacity.
Termination charge rate
The battery is about to end the current when charging.
Trickle charge
A charging method that maintains the battery pack in a continuous, long-time, regulated, low-current state of charge.
Note 1: Trickle charging is used to compensate for the self-discharge effect, keeping the battery in an approximately fully charged state.
Note 2: Trickle charging is not suitable for some batteries, such as lithium batteries.
Two-stage charge twostep charge
The battery energy is recovered using a two-stage charging rate that is controlled by feedback to cause the charging rate to transition from high to low.
Constant (electric) voltage charging constantvoltage charge
Regardless of the charging current and temperature, the charging is maintained at a constant value during charging.
Modified constant (electric) voltage charging modifiedconstant voltage charge
Constant voltage charging that limits the current to a predetermined value.
Battery gassingof a cell
Precipitation of gas due to electrolysis of water in the battery electrolyte.
Level indicator
A device used to assist in measuring the electrolyte level in a battery.
Energy efficiency energyefficiency
The ratio of the energy (watt-hour) output when the battery is discharged to the energy (watt-hour) that was input during the previous charge.
Thermal runaway thermalrunaway
A critical state that occurs during charging, where the rate of heat generated by the battery pack exceeds its heat dissipation capability, resulting in a continuous increase in temperature, which in turn causes damage to the battery pack.
An unstable situation occurs during constant voltage charging. The rate of heat generated by the battery pack exceeds the heat dissipation capability, resulting in a continuous increase in temperature, which in turn causes the charging current to increase and cause damage to the battery pack.
End-of-charge voltage
The voltage reached at the end of the charging step by charging at a specified constant current.
Note: The charge termination voltage can be used to determine the termination of the charging process.
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