I. Overview
Probiotics is a new concept proposed by Parker (1974) as opposed to “antibioticsâ€, which refers to the activity of directly feeding animals and regulating disease, promoting animal growth and improving feed utilization by regulating the intestinal micro-ecological balance of animals. Microorganisms or cultures thereof. China is also known as microecological preparations or feed microbial additives.
Probiotics are proposed in the context of people's concerns about the widespread use of antibiotics. The aim is to develop practical products that can completely replace antibiotics in terms of efficacy without any side effects. With the establishment and development of animal microecology, the development and application of probiotics have also developed rapidly. At present, people have a more direct understanding of probiotic products. Fuller (1989) pointed out that as a probiotic product, it must have the following characteristics: first, must be able to reach the small intestine and breed here; second, must be non-pathogenic and non-toxic; third, must have a sufficient amount of live Bacteria to establish and maintain intestinal microbial balance; Fourth, can be activated quickly and have a high growth rate; Fifth, have strong tolerance under storage and processing conditions.
The theoretical basis for the development of probiotics is animal microecology. More than 400 different bacterial types have been stably colonized in the gut of normal animals, with a total of 1014 microorganisms. Dynamic balance between these normally colonized microbial communities and between microbes and hosts at different stages of development of the animals has been established. This balance is the foundation of animal health. Under the influence of external factors, once the intestinal microbe and its balance with the host are broken, the animal's health loses its protection and thus shows pathological changes. External adverse factors that lead to micro-ecological imbalances include the introduction of antibiotics, hormones, immunotherapy, cytotoxic drugs, and animal stress. According to the dynamic laws of the micro-ecological environment, people can adopt various measures to maintain or restore the micro-ecological balance. The application of probiotics is one of these measures.
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