For the atomization of micro-cutting fluid, there are two forms: one is a single channel, this form requires a separate atomizing device, and then a mixture of atomized droplets and compressed air is transmitted through a channel to Nozzle; the other is a double channel, does not require a separate atomizing device, through two channels, the small channel inside is a small amount of cutting fluid, the external large channel is compressed air, near the nozzle (atomization zone) or by nozzle Atomization is then sprayed into the cutting zone. Compared with the two-channel system, the single-channel system is easier to manufacture, but when conveying the lubricating oil mist, especially in the rotating main shaft with strong centrifugal action, the oil mist will be dispersed, which often leads to the oil mist in the processing area. Evenly, the processing quality is deteriorated.
MQL oil <br> <br> order to minimize the impact on the environment and the human body, used lubricating oil MQL, who can not use conventional cutting fluid containing a large amount of toxic additive components, as MQL machining with cutting fluid, The base oils of the green lubricants include synthetic esters, vegetable cutting oils, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyethylene glycols. Synthetic esters and fats with high biodegradability are often used. Although vegetable oils also have good biodegradability, they have a tendency to be resinized on workpieces, tools, and workpieces at high cutting temperatures, and the cutting performance is not satisfactory, so they are basically not used.
In addition, the size and concentration of oil droplets in the lubricating oil mist have an effect on the lubrication of the tool and workpiece contact surfaces in the processing zone. The factors affecting the size of the oil droplets generally include the pressure of the compressed air, the amount of lubricating oil and the distance of the nozzle. At the same pressure, as the amount of lubricant and the distance of the nozzle increase, the oil droplets become larger and the speed decreases. When the amount of lubricating oil is equal, as the air pressure increases, the droplets become smaller and the speed increases. Therefore, the oil droplets with large particles have a low speed, and are more likely to deviate due to their own gravity during transportation, resulting in insufficient processing of the oil in the processing zone, which affects the lubrication effect.
Generally, the particle size of the oil droplets is generally controlled to be 2 μm or less. The degree of aggregation of the oil droplet particles depends mainly on the amount and nature of the lubricating oil, the amount of compressed air, and the structure of the nozzle.
MQL factors <br> <br> order to give full play to the advantages of MQL application, the application seeking the best balance three aspects of economy, ecology and processing performance, must be fully studied various factors affecting MQL application performance. The MQL cutting process system is subject to a large number of influencing factors, and the process model is extremely complex. Cutting of different processes, different tools, different workpiece materials and different MQL process system settings (including oil mist supply and mixing, oil mist supply direction, nozzle distance, lubricant properties, lubricant usage, compressed air pressure, etc.) There is a very significant difference in processing performance.
It can be seen that the MQL process system has the greatest impact on the cutting performance, followed by the machining conditions, such as workpiece materials, tool systems and cutting parameters.
MQL cutting performance <br> <br> Numerous studies have demonstrated that the application of the machining titanium, hardened steel, stainless steel and superalloy materials, compared with wet cutting and dry cutting, MQL shows good cutting performance. Correct and reasonable use of MQL can effectively improve tool durability and improve the surface quality of workpieces.
Due to the conventional MQL technology, when the material is difficult to process at high speed, if the temperature in the cutting zone is too high, the lubricating film on the surface of the tool will lose its lubricating effect. The effective cooling method can further improve the effect of MQL. If the temperature of the existing compressed air can be greatly reduced, on the one hand, the heat exchange intensity in the cutting zone can be improved, and the heat exchange effect can be improved; on the other hand, the heat exchange effect can be improved to form a lubricating film formed by lubricating droplets on the surface of the cutter. Further maintain the lubrication ability to improve the durability of the tool. If MQL is used in combination with nitrogen, MQL can perform better cutting performance, mainly due to the oxygen barrier effect of nitrogen.
High-speed dry cutting has fundamentally solved the drawbacks caused by cutting fluids, which not only benefits workers' health and environmental protection, but also reduces processing costs. It is undoubtedly a promising green processing technology. However, the application field is subject to certain restrictions. Micro-lubrication technology is an effective green manufacturing technology with outstanding advantages in lubrication and chip removal. Low-temperature MQL technology is a new type of cooling lubrication technology that is convenient for application in machining sites. It is used in titanium alloys, high-temperature alloys and high hardness materials. It has excellent performance in high-speed machining of difficult-to-machine materials, and can further improve the processing rate and processing quality of difficult-to-machine materials on the basis of current process equipment.
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