At 14:00 on November 15, 2010, a high-level teacher apartment in Shanghai caught fire, causing 58 people to suffer the tragic cost of 70 injuries. In the face of the lessons of blood, everyone must be comprehended. Don't wait until disaster strikes to know that security is so important.
Combustion is an intense oxidation reaction to the flame. Combustion must be produced and carried out in three conditions at the same time. It is a combustible substance, an oxidant, and a fire source to prevent the combustion from proceeding. It must cut off any of the three elements in the combustion process. Reduce temperature, isolate air or combustibles. Fire-retardant coating is a kind of special coating used for flammable substrate surface, which can reduce the flammability of the surface of the coated material and retard the rapid spread of fire. It is used to improve the fire-resistant limit of the coated material. After that, the fire-retardant coating also With rust, water, corrosion, wear, heat and toughness of the coating, coloring, adhesion, easy drying and a certain degree of gloss and other properties.
Building fire protection has been highly valued both in ancient times and today. At present, China has formulated a series of fire protection codes such as “Code for Fire Protection in Building Designâ€, “Code for Fire Protection in Design of Villages and Towns†and “Specification for Fire Protection of High-rise Civil Buildingsâ€. There are also specific specifications or regulations for ancient buildings, underground buildings, garages, automatic alarms, and automatic fire extinguishing equipment. As an important part of fireproof building materials, fire-retardant coatings can be divided into fire-retardant coatings, fire-retardant coatings for cables, fire-retardant coatings for steel structures, and fire-resistant coatings for prestressed concrete floors, depending on the purpose and object of use. The development of fire-retardant coatings in our country is 15 to 20 years later than that of foreign industrialized countries. Although it started late, it has developed rapidly.
China's decorative fire-retardant coating companies have developed hundreds of decorative fire-retardant coatings that are a new type of paint that combines decorative and fire protection. When it is coated on flammable substrates, it can usually play a decorative role; In the event of a fire, it prevents the spread of fire and thus protects the flammable substrate. It is because of this special use that foreign industrial developed countries have appeared fireproof coatings as early as the 1920s. The development of China's decorative fire retardant coatings is divided into two stages. The fire protection coatings that appeared in the late 1950s are also inorganic fireproof coatings with silicate water glass as the binder. Because fire prevention effects are not ideal, they are not in China. Form a market. Until the late 1970s, China began to conduct research on organic-intumescent fire-retardant coatings. Since then, China's organic fire protection coating has been rapidly developed. So far, China's fire paint production enterprises have grown to more than 200, sales of tens of thousands of tons, has formed a cross-sectoral research and production system.
In the early 1980s, steel structure fire-retardant coatings for steel structures were used as a form of high-rise building structure in China. They were characterized by their high strength, light weight, and good extensibility, earthquake resistance, and short construction period, etc., in the construction industry. Has been widely used, especially in the high-rise and long-span construction and other areas show a strong vitality. However, due to the incombustibility of the steel structure itself, the issue of fire protection and thermal protection of steel structures was once overlooked. The root figures show that the fire resistance of steel structures is worse than that of masonry structures and reinforced concrete structures. The mechanical strength of steel decreases with the increase of temperature. At about 5000°C, its strength drops to 40% to 50%. It quickly loses its support ability and causes buildings to collapse. Since the early 1980s, China has also begun to develop fireproof coatings for steel structures. So far, many fine varieties have been widely used in various industries.
Pre-stressed concrete floor fire-retardant coating In the high-speed development of the building, the use of concrete is very common. Among them, the prestressed reinforced concrete is better than ordinary reinforced concrete in crack resistance, stiffness, shear resistance and stability, and the quality is lighter. , And can save concrete and steel. However, the predominantly used prestressed reinforced concrete hollow floor has poor fire resistance. The reason is that when the temperature of the prestressed steel bar reaches 2000°C, the yield point begins to decrease, and when the temperature is 3000°C, the prestress almost disappears, and the creep accelerates. As a result, the strength and stiffness of the prestressed plate are rapidly reduced, so that the deflection in the plate is accelerated, cracks appear under the plate, the prestressed steel bar is directly subjected to high temperature, its rigidity and strength are further reduced, and the performance of the concrete is also changed at high temperatures. The direction of thermal expansion of the concrete under the same direction as the direction of tension of the plate contributes to the change of deflection in the plate. At 3000°C, the strength of the concrete began to decrease, the strength at 5000°C decreased by about half, and the strength at 8000°C was almost lost. In building fires, such slabs collapsed in about 0.5 hours.
Prestressed concrete hollow slabs are widely used as load-bearing floor slabs in modern buildings. Because of its poor fire resistance, it has become a difficult problem in implementing fire protection codes for architectural design. In order to improve the fire-resistance limit of prestressed floors, people learn from the principle of steel structure fire-retardant coatings for protecting steel structures. Since the mid-1980s, China has gradually studied and produced prestressed concrete floor fire-retardant coatings, which are widely used for protection. The prestressed floor is sprayed on the side of the prestressed floor with reinforcement. In the event of a fire, the coating effectively blocks the flame and heat, reduces the transmission speed of heat to the concrete and its internal prestressed steel bars, delays the time of heating up, and thus improves the pre The fire-resistance limit of the stress floor is achieved to achieve the purpose of fire protection.
The cable fire retardant coating effectively prevented the flame from spreading. The development of China's cable fire retardant coating products began in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It was developed on the basis of self-requirements on the basis of decorative fire retardant coatings, and its physical and chemical properties and weathering resistance were comparable. Well, the coating is thin, and it can produce even and dense sponge-like foam insulation in case of fire. It has a significant thermal insulation and fireproof effect, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the cable, preventing the spread of flame, and preventing the occurrence and development of fire. As an important product of cable fire protection, cable fire protection coating has played an active role in reducing cable fire damage and protecting the safety of people's property after nearly 20 years of application. Its application has never been standardized nor standardized. However, due to the rapid development of modern society, the diversification of the environment and laying methods of cables, from the application of cable fire retardant coatings for many years, the current water-based fire-retardant coatings still need to be improved in order to meet the cable environmental requirements. At present, the use of solvent-based fire retardant coatings is better. However, due to the flammability of such coatings, the fire hazards involved are also quite large. In addition, the solvent will have different degrees of damage to the human body, and therefore it is especially in cable shafts and cable trenches. When using cables, tunnels or other places where space is limited or difficult to ventilate, security measures should be strengthened.
Combustion is an intense oxidation reaction to the flame. Combustion must be produced and carried out in three conditions at the same time. It is a combustible substance, an oxidant, and a fire source to prevent the combustion from proceeding. It must cut off any of the three elements in the combustion process. Reduce temperature, isolate air or combustibles. Fire-retardant coating is a kind of special coating used for flammable substrate surface, which can reduce the flammability of the surface of the coated material and retard the rapid spread of fire. It is used to improve the fire-resistant limit of the coated material. After that, the fire-retardant coating also With rust, water, corrosion, wear, heat and toughness of the coating, coloring, adhesion, easy drying and a certain degree of gloss and other properties.
Building fire protection has been highly valued both in ancient times and today. At present, China has formulated a series of fire protection codes such as “Code for Fire Protection in Building Designâ€, “Code for Fire Protection in Design of Villages and Towns†and “Specification for Fire Protection of High-rise Civil Buildingsâ€. There are also specific specifications or regulations for ancient buildings, underground buildings, garages, automatic alarms, and automatic fire extinguishing equipment. As an important part of fireproof building materials, fire-retardant coatings can be divided into fire-retardant coatings, fire-retardant coatings for cables, fire-retardant coatings for steel structures, and fire-resistant coatings for prestressed concrete floors, depending on the purpose and object of use. The development of fire-retardant coatings in our country is 15 to 20 years later than that of foreign industrialized countries. Although it started late, it has developed rapidly.
China's decorative fire-retardant coating companies have developed hundreds of decorative fire-retardant coatings that are a new type of paint that combines decorative and fire protection. When it is coated on flammable substrates, it can usually play a decorative role; In the event of a fire, it prevents the spread of fire and thus protects the flammable substrate. It is because of this special use that foreign industrial developed countries have appeared fireproof coatings as early as the 1920s. The development of China's decorative fire retardant coatings is divided into two stages. The fire protection coatings that appeared in the late 1950s are also inorganic fireproof coatings with silicate water glass as the binder. Because fire prevention effects are not ideal, they are not in China. Form a market. Until the late 1970s, China began to conduct research on organic-intumescent fire-retardant coatings. Since then, China's organic fire protection coating has been rapidly developed. So far, China's fire paint production enterprises have grown to more than 200, sales of tens of thousands of tons, has formed a cross-sectoral research and production system.
In the early 1980s, steel structure fire-retardant coatings for steel structures were used as a form of high-rise building structure in China. They were characterized by their high strength, light weight, and good extensibility, earthquake resistance, and short construction period, etc., in the construction industry. Has been widely used, especially in the high-rise and long-span construction and other areas show a strong vitality. However, due to the incombustibility of the steel structure itself, the issue of fire protection and thermal protection of steel structures was once overlooked. The root figures show that the fire resistance of steel structures is worse than that of masonry structures and reinforced concrete structures. The mechanical strength of steel decreases with the increase of temperature. At about 5000°C, its strength drops to 40% to 50%. It quickly loses its support ability and causes buildings to collapse. Since the early 1980s, China has also begun to develop fireproof coatings for steel structures. So far, many fine varieties have been widely used in various industries.
Pre-stressed concrete floor fire-retardant coating In the high-speed development of the building, the use of concrete is very common. Among them, the prestressed reinforced concrete is better than ordinary reinforced concrete in crack resistance, stiffness, shear resistance and stability, and the quality is lighter. , And can save concrete and steel. However, the predominantly used prestressed reinforced concrete hollow floor has poor fire resistance. The reason is that when the temperature of the prestressed steel bar reaches 2000°C, the yield point begins to decrease, and when the temperature is 3000°C, the prestress almost disappears, and the creep accelerates. As a result, the strength and stiffness of the prestressed plate are rapidly reduced, so that the deflection in the plate is accelerated, cracks appear under the plate, the prestressed steel bar is directly subjected to high temperature, its rigidity and strength are further reduced, and the performance of the concrete is also changed at high temperatures. The direction of thermal expansion of the concrete under the same direction as the direction of tension of the plate contributes to the change of deflection in the plate. At 3000°C, the strength of the concrete began to decrease, the strength at 5000°C decreased by about half, and the strength at 8000°C was almost lost. In building fires, such slabs collapsed in about 0.5 hours.
Prestressed concrete hollow slabs are widely used as load-bearing floor slabs in modern buildings. Because of its poor fire resistance, it has become a difficult problem in implementing fire protection codes for architectural design. In order to improve the fire-resistance limit of prestressed floors, people learn from the principle of steel structure fire-retardant coatings for protecting steel structures. Since the mid-1980s, China has gradually studied and produced prestressed concrete floor fire-retardant coatings, which are widely used for protection. The prestressed floor is sprayed on the side of the prestressed floor with reinforcement. In the event of a fire, the coating effectively blocks the flame and heat, reduces the transmission speed of heat to the concrete and its internal prestressed steel bars, delays the time of heating up, and thus improves the pre The fire-resistance limit of the stress floor is achieved to achieve the purpose of fire protection.
The cable fire retardant coating effectively prevented the flame from spreading. The development of China's cable fire retardant coating products began in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It was developed on the basis of self-requirements on the basis of decorative fire retardant coatings, and its physical and chemical properties and weathering resistance were comparable. Well, the coating is thin, and it can produce even and dense sponge-like foam insulation in case of fire. It has a significant thermal insulation and fireproof effect, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the cable, preventing the spread of flame, and preventing the occurrence and development of fire. As an important product of cable fire protection, cable fire protection coating has played an active role in reducing cable fire damage and protecting the safety of people's property after nearly 20 years of application. Its application has never been standardized nor standardized. However, due to the rapid development of modern society, the diversification of the environment and laying methods of cables, from the application of cable fire retardant coatings for many years, the current water-based fire-retardant coatings still need to be improved in order to meet the cable environmental requirements. At present, the use of solvent-based fire retardant coatings is better. However, due to the flammability of such coatings, the fire hazards involved are also quite large. In addition, the solvent will have different degrees of damage to the human body, and therefore it is especially in cable shafts and cable trenches. When using cables, tunnels or other places where space is limited or difficult to ventilate, security measures should be strengthened.
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