The machine tool industry provides manufacturing technology and equipment for the military and civilian equipment manufacturing industry. It is a basic industrial and strategic industry closely related to the national economy and the people's livelihood and national defense military construction. It has attracted worldwide attention. China's machine tool industry has always been valued and cared by the central government. Through the hard work and outstanding struggle of the whole industry for 60 years, especially in the 30 years of reform and opening up and the decade of entering the 21st century, under the correct leadership of the central government and the support of all parties, With rapid development, a large-scale and relatively complete system has been established, which has laid a favorable technical foundation and has considerable market competitiveness. On the whole, China's machine tool industry has entered the world's first phalanx and entered the forefront of the world, making a major contribution to China's national economic development and national defense industry.
On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the great achievements of China's machine tool industry are summarized as total supply capacity, product variety and performance level, technology and R&D development strength, information technology application status and mechanism system reform, and enterprise level. A comprehensive statement of the overall aspects of business operations, technological transformation and international integration.
1 Has a strong total supply capacity In recent years, with the rapid development of China's national economy and the necessary strengthening of national defense construction, the national equipment manufacturing industry has put forward an urgent and large number of basic and strategic manufacturing methods for machine tools. demand. Especially since 2002, the consumption of machine tools in China has ranked first in the world. Faced with this huge demand, China's machine tool industry is struggling to fight. In 2002, the market self-satisfaction rate reached 48%; in 2008, it reached 61%, and the self-satisfaction rate rose to the third place in the world (the world's machine tool industry developed countries and regions corresponding to the same year) The self-satisfaction rates in the region are: 86% in Japan, 67% in Italy, 59% in Germany, 44% in Spain, 42% in Switzerland, 35% in South Korea, 33% in France, 32% in Taiwan, 30% in the United States, and 19 in Canada. %, UK 11%). China's machine tool industry has a total of 4,832 national enterprises, with a total industrial output value of US$90.85 billion, ranking third in the world, with an export volume of US$7.13 billion (golden cutting machine tool of US$2.11 billion), ranking sixth in the world, with imports of US$12.39 billion (7.59 billion gold cutting machine tools). The US dollar is the highest in the world.
Comprehensive analysis of the historical situation of the supply of basic equipment in China's machinery manufacturing industry. According to the recent national industrial census data, the updated machine tool ownership is about 3.78 million units, including 2.94 million gold cutting machine tools and 840,000 forging machine tools. China's self-supplied equipment accounts for the majority; including heavy-duty super-heavy metal cutting machine tools and forging equipment, high-precision precision machine tools and CNC machine tools, thousands of automatic semi-automatic production lines.
According to the above market self-satisfaction rate, total output value, export ranking and overall supply allocation of domestic demand, compared with international counterparts, it can be said that China's machine tool industry has reached the international advanced level in terms of total supply. However, we should calmly and clearly realize that for a country like ours that is in a special environment in the world, machine tools, such as basic manufacturing equipment, still have some links that fail to meet domestic demand, and they are seeking to import from abroad. And is at a disadvantage that is subject to certain constraints. This is not only a matter of economic nature, but must be worked hard from all sides to quickly get rid of the problem of relying on foreign countries to ensure the independence of the country. In order to completely change this situation, the machine tool industry has worked hard in the past and should continue to make new ones in the future. contribution.
2 Product categories are relatively complete With the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's living standards, the manufacturing industry is facing the acceleration of the frequency of manufacturing objects and the individualization of processing objects. Therefore, the machine tool industry that provides processing and manufacturing equipment is required to have product varieties. Diversification, which has become an important indicator of the comprehensive strength of a country's machine tool industry. In recent years, China's machine tool industry has been driven by market demand. The whole industry has made every effort to research and develop new products. In recent years, it has developed more than 400 kinds of independent copyright new products. As of the end of 2008, the nationally updated machine tool varieties have accumulated nearly 3,500. Kinds (especially 1500 kinds of numerical control and other high-tech products), basically no shortage of important gaps, which is also in the forefront of the world.
China's forging equipment, electrical processing and other special processing equipment, gear processing equipment (see the CNC machine tool part of this article) can be said that the variety is complete, superior performance, quite distinctive.
Representative products for forging machinery include: Jinan No. 2 Machine Tool Plant's series of mechanical presses have been in the international advanced ranks, the pressure tonnage has expanded from 20000kN to 63000kN, which is an international frontier, and has been provided by General Motors Corporation. The stamping automatic line has caused strong repercussions in the US market; multi-station and servo-driven presses have entered the forefront of the world technology. Shanghai Forging Machine Tool Plant has developed a hydraulic machine with a weight of 860 tons, a 12-meter automobile girder and a pressure tonnage of 50,000 KN. The same level only has Germany and Japan; Tianshui Forging Machine Tool Factory provides 30000KN14m CNC hydraulic bending machine and 20000KN hydraulic pipe-making machine for large-diameter steel pipe production line developed by West-East Gas Transmission Co., Ltd. There are also a handful of them. Yawei, Sanhuan, Yangzhou, Jinfangyuan CNC turret head punching machine, medium and large size bending machine can meet domestic and exported to foreign countries. Tiancheng forging and Hefei forging have made significant contributions to meet the special requirements of the market in heavy hydraulic presses.
China's special processing machine tools in the field of self-contained complete system, electric processing machine tools have formed a capacity to basically meet domestic demand, with an annual output of 30,000-30,000 units, and CNC accounted for more than 80% (this number is not included in the following CNC machine statistics Within the number), technically, Ander Jianqi, Suzhou Electric Machining Research Institute has expanded to slow wire cutting, micro EDM (winning national invention award), CNC high-efficiency EDM milling for aeroengine integrated impeller machining, High-tech materials such as electric melting and explosion processing of super-hard material rolls and EDM hair-cooling roll processing. It is a new variety in China's electric processing industry. Laser processing machines are available from Pentium Chuan, Falilai, Jinan Casting and Forging, Yawei, Sanhuan, etc. Water jet (waterjet cutting) processing machine tools have Nanjing Art Industry, Alto Fu, Shanghai Jinjian enter the market.
3 CNC machine tools enter the mature stage CNC machine tools are the mainstream equipment of the contemporary machinery manufacturing industry, and are the hot commodities in the market. Some high-end CNC machine tools are still regarded as embargoes and restrictions on the international market as strategic materials. The development of CNC machine tools in China has experienced ups and downs for 30 years and has entered a mature period from the growth period. In 2008, the annual output of 125,000 units (the high-end part of certain categories, the proportion of imports has been a higher proportion is changing. According to the latest news, 80% of the CNC industry's CNC machine tools have purchased domestic brands, weapons The industrial group currently has 90% of its machine tool products purchased from domestic products).
China's 1,500 kinds of CNC machine tools available for the market cover ultra-heavy machine tools, high-precision machine tools, special processing machines, forging equipment, cutting-edge high-tech machine tools and other fields.
(1) Five-axis (coordinate) linkage CNC machine tool is one of the high-point markings of CNC machine tool technology. The five-axis linkage milling machine used for large-scale propeller space surface machining has caused a sensational US and Japanese sanctions against the former Toshiba incident of the former Soviet Union. More than a decade ago, the US Congress imported 16 such aircraft for aircraft manufacturing. The axis links the old machine tools and brews the so-called "Cox Report" that demands sanctions against China.
These CNC five-axis linkage product technologies, which are still subject to embargo, have been mastered in China, such as CNC five-axis linkage heavy-duty floor boring and milling machines, gantry milling and boring machines, and machining centers. In the past ten years, it has been introduced to the market one by one. At the 7th International Machine Tool Show (CIMT) in 2001, five kinds of such goods were exhibited in China, and they were successively put into production and put into production. At that time, a German company entered the category of goods. The Chinese market needs to be reviewed by its government, failed to exhibit, and lost business opportunities. Afterwards, it complained very much. At the 11th CIMT exhibition in April 2009, China launched more than 40 types, including aviation and aerospace. Heavy-duty gantry mobile type for shipbuilding and metallurgical industry and various types of CNC five-axis linkage boring and milling machines and machining centers.
(2) CNC super heavy-duty machine tools are the key equipment for the manufacture of water, fire, nuclear power plant equipment, shipbuilding, metallurgical mines and other major equipment manufacturing and heavy weapons. Wuhan CNC Heavy Duty Machine Tool Group has produced 5 CNC vertical lathes with a diameter of up to 16m. (The 22m and 25m CNC vertical lathes under development are the first in the world), which can represent the production capacity and level of super heavy-duty machine tools in China. The first 16m vertical car once met the urgent needs of users in the manufacture of the hydropower generating equipment of Yantan Hydropower Station. Since then, it has achieved great success in production and use in the past 8 years. It is called “Merchant Equipment†by users, and the latter several are power station equipment. The key national projects continue to play an important role, which has been praised by users for ensuring the processing of the 550-ton giant turbine runner known as the world's largest Three Gorges power station. The super heavy-duty machine tool that has been successfully put into use has a 320-axis CNC boring and milling machine with a diameter of 320 shafts (the diameter of the shaft is 160-320, the annual output is more than 80 sets, the world only). The north cyber gantry span is 8.2m (the span of 5m super heavy gantry) Milling and boring machine has two units per month, there is no second case in the world), Jiji, Qier, Qizhong, Dalian, Ningjiang and Wuzhongqiao, fixed beam type gantry or table mobile milling and boring machine, Wuzhong processing workpiece weighs 300 tons The horizontal lathe with a diameter of 4.5 meters and the giant crankshaft processing machine meet the urgent needs of the shipbuilding industry. The CNC roller grinder with a workpiece weight of 200 tons and a diameter of 2200mm is produced by only two or three kinds of international products. With the world's advanced level, China has become one of the few leading suppliers of super heavy-duty machine tools. Many products have played a major role in shipbuilding, nuclear industry, astronomy, geological drilling, construction, power generation, metallurgy, and chemical equipment manufacturing.
(3) The vertical and horizontal machining centers are equipped with the basic functions of floor boring machine, bed type milling machine and coordinate drilling boring machine, and have the characteristics of automatic tool change or automatic replacement of workpiece tray according to NC program. The basic equipment has become a kind of processing equipment with a large proportion of the demand in the machinery manufacturing industry (about 30% of the total demand for CNC metal cutting machine tools). It is a hot commodity in the world machine tool market. China has developed rapidly in recent years, with more than 40 The company is engaged in production, and the general varieties have been mass-produced. A few manufacturers such as Beijing Machine Tool Institute, Dalian Group, Ningjiang Group and Beijing Jingdiao have entered the market with micro-scale high-precision machining centers.
(4) CNC lathe is also one of the largest proportion of CNC machine tools. China has more than 50 companies, Shenyang Machine Tool Group, Dalian Machine Tool Group, Jinan No. 1 Machine Tool Plant, Baoji Machine Tool Plant, Yunji, Great Wall, KONE and other companies have been mass-produced, with complete varieties, stable and reliable quality, and some have crossed the threshold of several hundred units per month.
(5) CNC gear processing machine tool is also one of the strengths of China's machine tool products, into a series of six-axis (coordinate) five-link CNC hobbing machine, large internal gear and external gear milling machine for wind power industry, processing diameter for heavy mining machinery industry 12 Meter milling machine å·³ put into use, Qinchuan CNC eleven-axis five-link automatic tool setting, automatic loading and unloading worm-type grinding wheel grinding machine, diameter 2 m grinding machine, seven-axis five-linking spiral bevel gear grinding machine, both It is a new machine tool in the world advanced level that has entered different mass production in the last three years. In particular, the small and medium size of the spiral bevel gear processing machine (milling and grinding) can fully meet the needs of the automotive industry and the military, tank and boat industry. The large-size spiral-cone gear processing machine with a diameter of two meters is the world's first. It can be used in deep well drilling and construction, mining machinery manufacturing (6) China's CNC machine tools have been extended to complete sets, composite areas. The Shenyang Group Zhongjie Machine Tool Plant is a Shanghai maglev train project with a seven-month delivery period. It has surrendered four production lines with CNC boring and milling machines as the main body, which is an outstanding representative of the ability of China's machine tool industry to provide complete sets of equipment. Shenyang, Dalian, Jiyi, etc. have developed world-leading products such as turning-milling compounding and milling machine composite machine tools, as well as the newly-launched Dalian Cod 14-axis 5-link milling and milling machine combined machining center with the CNC system and direct drive developed by the factory. The two-axis swing head is a highlight.
(7) The numerical control system device is the nerve center of CNC machine tools. It is a key link that has long hindered the development of China's numerical control field. On the world, after years of fierce competition in the market, the survival of the fittest has now formed a world dominated by Japan FANUC. 50% of the market; Germany's Siemens accounted for 25 percent of the monopoly (in China, it was occupied as an absolute monopoly a few years ago). Since the end of the 1990s, China has mastered the emerging open architecture technology based on the general 32-bit industrial control machine. It has been on the same starting line of contemporary technology and developed to be compatible with machining centers, compound turning machines and gear machines. CNC system, in particular, can control five-axis linkage (such as Huazhong CNC and its supporting gantry machine tool company and multi-edge machine tool company gantry type boring and milling machine, Qiyi turning and milling composite machining center, Wuzhong ship propeller processing machine, etc. for military industry Enterprise) and CNC system with networked remote monitoring, diagnosis and operation functions, and developed NC machining of spiral bevel gears, 3D laser vision inspection, and the world's original space surface interpolation software. At present, the domestically produced CNC system put into the market in batches has the competitive performance and the advantage of price and performance. The low-end can meet the domestic demand. The mid-range can meet more than 50%. The high-end one has long monopolized the Chinese market because of the world ace. Because of the competition for user trust, it has become the focus of competition, but the international monopoly in the Chinese market has been broken by the monopolistic situation of odd goods and arbitrary blockade. Huazhong CNC and Guangzhou NC act as the main force of mass production, Huazhong, Guangju, Aerospace, Blue Sky High Precision, Four Open, Jingdiao, Guangtai, Kaiqi, Ditema, Kai Endi, Dasen, Gaojin, and other CNC system plants. All of them have the ability to provide five-axis linkage high-end products with different characteristics. The multi-coordinate numerical control system for engraving and milling is self-produced and accumulated over 10,000 sets. The first development and industrialization of the bus open CNC system is supported by Guangyang. 32-axis 6-channel, six-axis linkage per channel, five-axis interpolation control, four pairs of gantry dual-drive axis control; system resolution 1nm rate up to 2x100Mbps, its core system with technical innovation patent core chip developed.
The digital AC servo speed regulating motor and spindle motor matched with the numerical control system, and the products with independent copyrights such as Dengqi, Huada, Huazhong CNC, Landian, Super Synchronous and Dalian Electric have been widely available.
(8) Other major functional components of CNC machine tools such as Nanjing Artwork, Jining Bote Ball Screw, Kate Rolling Guide, Dalian Group, Yantai CNC Knife, Indexing Turntable Self-contained Series, Luozhou Institute, Beijing Machine Tool The main shaft and Guangyang direct drive double pendulum milling head and double pendulum turntable, and the automatic tool change tool magazine and HSK tool holder and knife adjuster for CNC machine tools are produced in different batches.
4 The R&D system is properly deployed and plays a key role in the research and development of the machine tool industry in China. The R&D base consists of three parts, namely the R&D base of the enterprise, the research department of the higher education institutions and the specially set up research institutions (seven independent research institutes and Zhengzhou machine tool factory). Design Institute), the nature of the former two is similar to that of developed countries in the foreign machine tool industry. The latter only adopts a similar approach in some countries and regions. These three aspects of research and development strength contribute to the development of the machine tool industry from different angles.
(1) There are many examples of the company's R&D base for product innovation and performance upgrade: For example, the high-efficiency CNC seven-coordinate six-coupling worm-type grinding wheel grinding machine developed by Qinchuan Machine Tool Group Technology Research Institute in 2002 has reached the world advanced level. And fill the gap in the international specifications; CNC high-precision super heavy-duty roll grinder developed by the National Machine Center of Shanghai Machine Tool Plant and Xianfeng Machine Tool Plant has entered the world's advanced ranks. Shenyang, Dalian, Qiyi, Qier, Jier, Guangyang, etc. all have their own R&D institutions with strength.
(2) The scientific research team of colleges and universities is known for its basic common technology, cutting-edge technology and software technology research. In addition to the research results obtained by the self-contained system, it also combines with the enterprise to develop products, complementing each other's advantages and achieving cutting-edge technologies such as virtual axis (parallel) machine tools. Product and basic theory achievements. In addition, setting up production and operation companies in colleges and universities, and transforming special scientific research results into machine tool products may be a special way in the world's machine tool industry. The spiral bevel gear grinding machine developed by Central South University and the world's advanced technology, Huazhong Science and Technology University The rapid prototyping technologies of Tsinghua University and Xi'an Jiaotong University are all developed directly from the market.
(3) The independent research unit in the field of machine tool industry in China has been undertaking basic common research and development work, and has the advantage of integrating and developing top-level products with a number of basic common technologies. After the reform of scientific research system, it has the nature of science and technology-oriented enterprises, and its vitality is enhanced. For example, the nanotechnology machine tools of the Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute are examples of China's R&D capabilities.
The R&D capability is embodied in the special milling machine for the special passengers, the special milling machine for the Shenzhou manned spacecraft combustion chamber, the special high-travel vertical car for nuclear power boiler processing, and the special equipment for processing the world's largest caliber large-field astronomical telescope parts. All of them paid a satisfactory answer.
5 Courage to climb the frontier of technology As a machine tool technology field of manufacturing and processing, in recent years, it has become a revolutionary technology, and the emergence of parallel structure (virtual axis) machine tools and the rapid prototyping technology.
(1) Parallel structure machine tools In the early 1990s, Ingersoll USA appeared on the US International Machine Tool Show in the form of commodities, and several machine tool companies in Sweden, France, Japan, Russia, Poland, and South Korea. Or universities and research institutes put forward different types of experimental products, which are similar to each other. After entering the small-volume commodity market, the Swedish Nias company is more prominent. The US Cincinnati Company, Germany DMG, and Shenyang Machine Tool Group use this principle in the tradition. On the basic structure of the horizontal boring and milling machine, the multi-coordinate linkage action of the spindle components is realized, which has another novelty.
China's scientific and technological circles, especially the scientific research groups of universities, have made breakthroughs in innovation within a few years, and entered the research field of parallel-structured machine tools (such as Harbin Institute of Technology - Haliang, Tianjin University - Tianjin No. 1 Plant, Tsinghua University - Dalian Machine Tool Group, Tsinghua University-Kunming Machine Tool Plant, Qinchuan and Northwest Polytechnic, combined with the use of series-parallel structure in combination with different purposes, to achieve specialized processing. Tsinghua University-Qiqihar Second Machine Tool Group developed a mix The joint structure machine tool has been officially identified as China's original creation, and has been debuted at the China International Machine Tool Exhibition. It is used in the manufacture of hydropower equipment in Harbin Electric Machinery Factory. These innovations show that China's cutting-edge technology in the cutting-edge technology of the machine tool Sex and have the basic strength of software and hardware.
Based on the six-bar parallel machine tool developed by Harbin Institute of Technology (four batches for the production of four blades for the processing of blades in Harbin Steam Turbine Works), Haliang Group recently cooperated with the Swedish EXECHON company to develop the latest parallel machine tool with three-bar structure. It has a wider application range and is suitable for the processing of ultra-long and large workpieces in the aerospace locomotive industry, small parts, wings and cabins.
(2) Rapid prototyping technology is a great change in the processing principle that has appeared in the past ten years. Unlike the long-distance processing method of removing materials (cutting, punching and shearing), rapid prototyping technology is actually a departure from the tradition. The processing method, the reverse of the method of material build-up (or additive manufacturing method) to achieve a method of manufacturing the workpiece, for the manufacture of prototype workpieces (ie, the design concept is quickly made into a solid, thus verifying the feasibility of the design It is revolutionary to shorten the trial production cycle of products, which is the product of the organic combination of material science, computer software technology and high-precision hardware technology. There are not many countries in the world that have mastered this technology, and China has its own intellectual property rights technology and products. The more prominent ones are Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Beijing Science and Technology University, North University of China, Daheng Company of the Academy of Sciences, and several A private technology-led enterprise. Over 100 units of products with different principles of layered solid manufacturing (LOM), fused deposition forming (FDM), ultraviolet laser curing (SLA), laser selective sintering (SLS), and metal powder injection molding (MIM) The market entered the world's first ranks and exported technology to Singapore. It is especially suitable for the prototype construction and small batch production of special structural shapes and special material parts in the aerospace industry.
(3) Machine tool industry design technology is a new technology integrating human-machine engineering, environmental art and computer-aided design technology. In order to improve the competitiveness of machine tool products, China has set up a numerical control machine tool design research center in Hunan University. It is also a unique practice in the world. This center has a first-class human-machine laboratory for human factors and humanized design research. It is manufactured for more than a dozen important machine tools such as Beiyi, Shenyi, Jiyi, Great Wall and Polygon. The factory has dozens of products for design, creating a unique personality recognition style, and has achieved remarkable results in the market. Users generally reflect the direct perception of China's machine tools, and have successively made several steps. The appearance of excellent products has a sense of the times and practicality. The market is welcome. This research center opens the "knowledge-based intelligent auxiliary network collaborative modeling design system", including the machine tool outer cover modeling library, the machine tool humanity technology knowledge base, and the payment system established on the international Internet platform in a collaborative parallel mode. Throughout the entire process of machine tool product development, as an extension of the company's design resources, for the machine tool industry.
(4) Nano-processing and sub-micron processing technology and equipment are the forefront of modern ultra-high precision technology. Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute has won several commanding heights and applied to nuclear fusion and IT industry. Several products put into the market have reached the world's leading level. Harbin Institute of Technology has carried out a series of related basic scientific research work to pave the way for further development.
The above-mentioned various explorations at the forefront of technology have achieved results, not only indicating that the innovative thinking of science and technology in China's machine tool industry is active, but also reflects the extraordinary strength and achievements. This is the late development of China's machine tool industry to participate in market competition and seize the world's technological commanding heights. The advantage lies.
6 Extensive application of information technology The continuous improvement of modern operation management and the application of information technology have become the key link for the world's manufacturing industry to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises. For manufacturing enterprises, information technology is an extremely effective means of improving the economic efficiency of enterprises. Its technical framework is mainly computer-aided technology and network technology. Compared with the world's machine tool industry developed countries, China's machine tool industry is not too late, the pace is not slow, and the application effect is obvious.
The most basic and fastest practical part of computer-aided technology is computer-aided design; from two-dimensional mapping to three-dimensional solid modeling, and then applied to finite element analysis and computer-aided experiments to improve design effectiveness. Many enterprises in China's machine tool industry have been in operation for more than ten years and have entered the stage of wide application. Enjoy this affordable with international counterparts.
The auxiliary management technology in computer-aided technology has been initially involved in China's machine tool industry enterprises (similar to foreign countries). The early application of modern integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) in machine tool enterprises includes Beiyi, Jiyi, Qiyi, etc. In recent years, network technology has emerged. Machine tool enterprises have established LANs for communication in enterprises. Some have cooperated with data sharing and ERP. Some of them are Hanchuan Machine Tool Plant, Jiji, Shenyang Group and Qiyi. The company has achieved different degrees of progress, including Ningjiang Machine Tool Plant, Wuxi Machine Tool Plant, Shanghai Machine Tool Plant, Shanghai No. 1 Machine Tool Plant, Wuzhong, Shenyi, Baoji Machine Tool Plant, and private Japanese machine tool company.
Many manufacturers have established active corporate websites to promote their products to users around the world, and some have started e-commerce activities.
Promoting information technology in enterprises to accelerate product development, improve production management efficiency, communicate supply, sales information, and accelerate market response, thereby increasing corporate efficiency, is thus a means for the world's machine tool industry developed countries to improve market competitiveness. In this regard, with the improvement of the national information industry environment, China's machine tool industry is vigorously promoting its application.
7 Full implementation of the “please come in, go out†strategy China's machine tool industry and overseas production, technical cooperation, the introduction of technology and talents, financing joint ventures, accepting sole proprietorship to set up factories, as soon as possible, see more than one hundred results, adapt to the market Demand and improved product performance levels have produced good results.
The "going out" policy repeatedly emphasized by the central government has a practical and important guiding role for the current machine tool industry in China. In the past seven years, China's machine tool industry has gone abroad to conduct overseas mergers and acquisitions of internationally renowned machine tool companies. The progress has been smooth; it has successfully acquired two US, two Japanese, one French and five German.
Dalian Machine Tool Group took the lead. Beiyi, Shenyang, Hangzhou, Qinchuan, Haliang, Shanghai, Xinghuo and other groups have successfully acquired foreign companies, and they have achieved fruitful results in technology and economy. The overseas mergers and acquisitions of the machine tool industry have played a pioneering role in China's equipment manufacturing industry. It is a way to directly acquire high-level overseas technical resources and effectively utilize the mature international sales network. (You can also use the ship to sell the products that are suitable for international needs.) At the same time, it can effectively train relevant technologies, management, marketing talents and improve The ability to integrate international exchanges and help to increase international visibility and external collection and dissemination of information is the four international countries that China's machine tool industry has purchased foreign advanced productivity (equipment), single technology introduction, map processing, international cooperation development and cooperative production. An extension and upgrade of the historical stage of engagement. This is also a measure that China should actively take in the integration of the world economy.
8 Emphasis on technological innovation and talent cultivation The main winning factor in the international machine tool market competition is technological innovation. Machine tool products are of concern to users for their use value. Therefore, effective development of new products, especially special products, is effective. Alliance with users (especially military users), and in-depth understanding of the use of the process (the manufacturing process of the machine tool itself, it can be said that the machine tool manufacturer has basically mastered after many years of practice, and the accumulated experience of the user is an inexhaustible source. ) so that the new products developed can bring satisfactory benefits to users.
Some basic technologies and new technologies in machine tool design are the basis for ensuring that new products can win. R & D work should be advanced, strengthened, and reserved, in order to make the company's products continue to innovate and win in the market competition.
To achieve and realize technological innovation in product development, the key to the enterprise is the technical and technical talents. Strengthening the cultivation of talents in this field is an endless task for the present and the future.
In addition to the combination of production, learning, research and use (household), the establishment of post-doctoral workstations to accommodate all elites, China's machine tool industry has also established a number of international cooperation design and development bases at home and abroad, sending out training and absorbing foreign talents to China, so that Direct access to the latest foreign technical information, development of cutting-edge new products, but also training a batch of domestic professionals.
9 Machine tool industry system mechanism reform and technological transformation are effective China's machine tool industry ownership system from the original state-owned and collective ownership accounted for the majority, å·³ changed to the number of enterprises; state-owned holdings accounted for 6.2%, collective holdings accounted for 6.5%, private holdings accounted for 73.9 %, three capital accounted for 13.5%, and according to the total industrial output value, state-owned shares accounted for 15.4%.
State-owned enterprises have gradually formed large groups. For example, Shenyang and Dalian Machine Tool Group have ranked among the top ten in the world machine tool industry. Machine tools groups such as Qi Er, Qinchuan and Chongqing have emerged one after another.
Among the private enterprises, there are a number of rising stars such as Guangyang, Jingdiao, Haitian, Rifa, Xinrui, Jingcheng, Zhongda Chuangyuan, Kaishuai, Yipai, Sikai, Jack, etc., to play the advantage of “small strong man†and develop new products. In terms of aspect, it has contributed a lot and is very distinctive.
The state-owned shares of the private capital holding such as Ningjiang, Hangzhou, Hanchuan, Huading, Qiyi, Xinghuo, etc. have added momentum for development and continue to rush.
In recent years, China's machine tool industry has also emerged as a new type of production and operation mode that is “alternative†in the world. This is the “Zhengchenggong Union CNC Optical Machine Production Group Company†located in Kunming, Yunnan, and its operation mode is for domestic and foreign Hundreds of machine tool factories (known companies such as Nikonas of Spain, Demaggio of Germany, Mitsubishi of Japan, domestic Shenji Group, Dalian Machine Tool Group, Qinchuan Machine Tool Group, Qier Group, Baoji, Hanchuan Machine Tool Plant, etc.) The alliance is equipped with 19 sets of CNC heavy-duty pentahedron machining centers, 5 imported gantry guide grinding machines, 4 imported floor boring and milling machines and 4 imported machining centers, which provide finished machines for the above-mentioned domestic and foreign famous factories. Such as the Longmen milling and boring machine, machining center) precision large parts and parts. After successful operation in recent years, it has developed into a new factory building of 40,000 square meters (plus the original 40,000 square meters), with an annual output of complete machine (such as CNC heavy-duty milling machine, etc.), and other vertical machining centers. For example, the monthly output is more than 600 sets and more than 20 specifications. For example, more than a dozen companies such as the Nikonas factory have even set up assembly plants around the production base of the alliance, and they are ready to be shipped as finished products.
Another thing that has emerged in the machine tool industry with its distinctive innovation and vitality is the establishment of several “innovation alliancesâ€. They are: Beijing CNC Equipment Innovation Alliance, Chengdu Precision CNC Industry Technology Innovation Alliance, CNC System Fieldbus Technology Standard Alliance led by the National Development and Reform Commission, Nanjing CNC Equipment Industry Innovation Alliance, Chinese Academy of Sciences CNC Technology Innovation Alliance, and led by the Ministry of Science and Technology. The organization of the CNC machine tool high-speed precision technology innovation strategic alliance, etc., will certainly create a unique impetus for the development of China's CNC technology and industry.
In recent years, through land replacement, the new and large-scale technical transformation of Yidi, Dalian, Beiyi, Wuzhong, Hayigong, Huazhong CNC and other enterprises and Beijing Machine Tool Institute, Chengdu Tool Works, Suzhou Electric Processing Institute, etc. Key research institutes. Large-scale expansion and transformation of such companies as Ningjiang, Qinchuan, Qiyi, Qier, Hanchuan, Changzheng, Anyang, etc., as well as a number of new small and medium-sized machine tool factories, Kate, Bote and other functional parts factories. After the transformation, the production environment is new, the management level is greatly improved, the equipment is updated and optimized, and the research conditions are improved. Some of them can be described as world-class, and most of them are comparable to foreign advanced enterprises.
The current worldwide economic crisis has inevitably affected China's machine tool industry. Crisis and challenges coexist, and the positive measures to deal with are to adjust the structure, abandon the nostalgia for low-end products, and work hard to enrich the technical strength, improve product performance, quality and personalization, expand the field of service for users, and meet the new requirements of users. . In particular, aiming at the high-end market demand that China's military and civilian equipment manufacturing industry is still developing, replacing imports, capturing the share that should be possessed but not yet taken, and striving to develop targeted exports, which is both effective and long-term effective for China's machine tool industry. One of the ways out is also the responsibility.
China's machine tool industry shoulders the lofty mission of serving China's national economy and national defense manufacturing industry. Now, it will be a more arduous task before us. There is a long way to go, and I am not waiting for it. The machine tool industry in China must strive to advance and meet greater challenges.
On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the great achievements of China's machine tool industry are summarized as total supply capacity, product variety and performance level, technology and R&D development strength, information technology application status and mechanism system reform, and enterprise level. A comprehensive statement of the overall aspects of business operations, technological transformation and international integration.
1 Has a strong total supply capacity In recent years, with the rapid development of China's national economy and the necessary strengthening of national defense construction, the national equipment manufacturing industry has put forward an urgent and large number of basic and strategic manufacturing methods for machine tools. demand. Especially since 2002, the consumption of machine tools in China has ranked first in the world. Faced with this huge demand, China's machine tool industry is struggling to fight. In 2002, the market self-satisfaction rate reached 48%; in 2008, it reached 61%, and the self-satisfaction rate rose to the third place in the world (the world's machine tool industry developed countries and regions corresponding to the same year) The self-satisfaction rates in the region are: 86% in Japan, 67% in Italy, 59% in Germany, 44% in Spain, 42% in Switzerland, 35% in South Korea, 33% in France, 32% in Taiwan, 30% in the United States, and 19 in Canada. %, UK 11%). China's machine tool industry has a total of 4,832 national enterprises, with a total industrial output value of US$90.85 billion, ranking third in the world, with an export volume of US$7.13 billion (golden cutting machine tool of US$2.11 billion), ranking sixth in the world, with imports of US$12.39 billion (7.59 billion gold cutting machine tools). The US dollar is the highest in the world.
Comprehensive analysis of the historical situation of the supply of basic equipment in China's machinery manufacturing industry. According to the recent national industrial census data, the updated machine tool ownership is about 3.78 million units, including 2.94 million gold cutting machine tools and 840,000 forging machine tools. China's self-supplied equipment accounts for the majority; including heavy-duty super-heavy metal cutting machine tools and forging equipment, high-precision precision machine tools and CNC machine tools, thousands of automatic semi-automatic production lines.
According to the above market self-satisfaction rate, total output value, export ranking and overall supply allocation of domestic demand, compared with international counterparts, it can be said that China's machine tool industry has reached the international advanced level in terms of total supply. However, we should calmly and clearly realize that for a country like ours that is in a special environment in the world, machine tools, such as basic manufacturing equipment, still have some links that fail to meet domestic demand, and they are seeking to import from abroad. And is at a disadvantage that is subject to certain constraints. This is not only a matter of economic nature, but must be worked hard from all sides to quickly get rid of the problem of relying on foreign countries to ensure the independence of the country. In order to completely change this situation, the machine tool industry has worked hard in the past and should continue to make new ones in the future. contribution.
2 Product categories are relatively complete With the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's living standards, the manufacturing industry is facing the acceleration of the frequency of manufacturing objects and the individualization of processing objects. Therefore, the machine tool industry that provides processing and manufacturing equipment is required to have product varieties. Diversification, which has become an important indicator of the comprehensive strength of a country's machine tool industry. In recent years, China's machine tool industry has been driven by market demand. The whole industry has made every effort to research and develop new products. In recent years, it has developed more than 400 kinds of independent copyright new products. As of the end of 2008, the nationally updated machine tool varieties have accumulated nearly 3,500. Kinds (especially 1500 kinds of numerical control and other high-tech products), basically no shortage of important gaps, which is also in the forefront of the world.
China's forging equipment, electrical processing and other special processing equipment, gear processing equipment (see the CNC machine tool part of this article) can be said that the variety is complete, superior performance, quite distinctive.
Representative products for forging machinery include: Jinan No. 2 Machine Tool Plant's series of mechanical presses have been in the international advanced ranks, the pressure tonnage has expanded from 20000kN to 63000kN, which is an international frontier, and has been provided by General Motors Corporation. The stamping automatic line has caused strong repercussions in the US market; multi-station and servo-driven presses have entered the forefront of the world technology. Shanghai Forging Machine Tool Plant has developed a hydraulic machine with a weight of 860 tons, a 12-meter automobile girder and a pressure tonnage of 50,000 KN. The same level only has Germany and Japan; Tianshui Forging Machine Tool Factory provides 30000KN14m CNC hydraulic bending machine and 20000KN hydraulic pipe-making machine for large-diameter steel pipe production line developed by West-East Gas Transmission Co., Ltd. There are also a handful of them. Yawei, Sanhuan, Yangzhou, Jinfangyuan CNC turret head punching machine, medium and large size bending machine can meet domestic and exported to foreign countries. Tiancheng forging and Hefei forging have made significant contributions to meet the special requirements of the market in heavy hydraulic presses.
China's special processing machine tools in the field of self-contained complete system, electric processing machine tools have formed a capacity to basically meet domestic demand, with an annual output of 30,000-30,000 units, and CNC accounted for more than 80% (this number is not included in the following CNC machine statistics Within the number), technically, Ander Jianqi, Suzhou Electric Machining Research Institute has expanded to slow wire cutting, micro EDM (winning national invention award), CNC high-efficiency EDM milling for aeroengine integrated impeller machining, High-tech materials such as electric melting and explosion processing of super-hard material rolls and EDM hair-cooling roll processing. It is a new variety in China's electric processing industry. Laser processing machines are available from Pentium Chuan, Falilai, Jinan Casting and Forging, Yawei, Sanhuan, etc. Water jet (waterjet cutting) processing machine tools have Nanjing Art Industry, Alto Fu, Shanghai Jinjian enter the market.
3 CNC machine tools enter the mature stage CNC machine tools are the mainstream equipment of the contemporary machinery manufacturing industry, and are the hot commodities in the market. Some high-end CNC machine tools are still regarded as embargoes and restrictions on the international market as strategic materials. The development of CNC machine tools in China has experienced ups and downs for 30 years and has entered a mature period from the growth period. In 2008, the annual output of 125,000 units (the high-end part of certain categories, the proportion of imports has been a higher proportion is changing. According to the latest news, 80% of the CNC industry's CNC machine tools have purchased domestic brands, weapons The industrial group currently has 90% of its machine tool products purchased from domestic products).
China's 1,500 kinds of CNC machine tools available for the market cover ultra-heavy machine tools, high-precision machine tools, special processing machines, forging equipment, cutting-edge high-tech machine tools and other fields.
(1) Five-axis (coordinate) linkage CNC machine tool is one of the high-point markings of CNC machine tool technology. The five-axis linkage milling machine used for large-scale propeller space surface machining has caused a sensational US and Japanese sanctions against the former Toshiba incident of the former Soviet Union. More than a decade ago, the US Congress imported 16 such aircraft for aircraft manufacturing. The axis links the old machine tools and brews the so-called "Cox Report" that demands sanctions against China.
These CNC five-axis linkage product technologies, which are still subject to embargo, have been mastered in China, such as CNC five-axis linkage heavy-duty floor boring and milling machines, gantry milling and boring machines, and machining centers. In the past ten years, it has been introduced to the market one by one. At the 7th International Machine Tool Show (CIMT) in 2001, five kinds of such goods were exhibited in China, and they were successively put into production and put into production. At that time, a German company entered the category of goods. The Chinese market needs to be reviewed by its government, failed to exhibit, and lost business opportunities. Afterwards, it complained very much. At the 11th CIMT exhibition in April 2009, China launched more than 40 types, including aviation and aerospace. Heavy-duty gantry mobile type for shipbuilding and metallurgical industry and various types of CNC five-axis linkage boring and milling machines and machining centers.
(2) CNC super heavy-duty machine tools are the key equipment for the manufacture of water, fire, nuclear power plant equipment, shipbuilding, metallurgical mines and other major equipment manufacturing and heavy weapons. Wuhan CNC Heavy Duty Machine Tool Group has produced 5 CNC vertical lathes with a diameter of up to 16m. (The 22m and 25m CNC vertical lathes under development are the first in the world), which can represent the production capacity and level of super heavy-duty machine tools in China. The first 16m vertical car once met the urgent needs of users in the manufacture of the hydropower generating equipment of Yantan Hydropower Station. Since then, it has achieved great success in production and use in the past 8 years. It is called “Merchant Equipment†by users, and the latter several are power station equipment. The key national projects continue to play an important role, which has been praised by users for ensuring the processing of the 550-ton giant turbine runner known as the world's largest Three Gorges power station. The super heavy-duty machine tool that has been successfully put into use has a 320-axis CNC boring and milling machine with a diameter of 320 shafts (the diameter of the shaft is 160-320, the annual output is more than 80 sets, the world only). The north cyber gantry span is 8.2m (the span of 5m super heavy gantry) Milling and boring machine has two units per month, there is no second case in the world), Jiji, Qier, Qizhong, Dalian, Ningjiang and Wuzhongqiao, fixed beam type gantry or table mobile milling and boring machine, Wuzhong processing workpiece weighs 300 tons The horizontal lathe with a diameter of 4.5 meters and the giant crankshaft processing machine meet the urgent needs of the shipbuilding industry. The CNC roller grinder with a workpiece weight of 200 tons and a diameter of 2200mm is produced by only two or three kinds of international products. With the world's advanced level, China has become one of the few leading suppliers of super heavy-duty machine tools. Many products have played a major role in shipbuilding, nuclear industry, astronomy, geological drilling, construction, power generation, metallurgy, and chemical equipment manufacturing.
(3) The vertical and horizontal machining centers are equipped with the basic functions of floor boring machine, bed type milling machine and coordinate drilling boring machine, and have the characteristics of automatic tool change or automatic replacement of workpiece tray according to NC program. The basic equipment has become a kind of processing equipment with a large proportion of the demand in the machinery manufacturing industry (about 30% of the total demand for CNC metal cutting machine tools). It is a hot commodity in the world machine tool market. China has developed rapidly in recent years, with more than 40 The company is engaged in production, and the general varieties have been mass-produced. A few manufacturers such as Beijing Machine Tool Institute, Dalian Group, Ningjiang Group and Beijing Jingdiao have entered the market with micro-scale high-precision machining centers.
(4) CNC lathe is also one of the largest proportion of CNC machine tools. China has more than 50 companies, Shenyang Machine Tool Group, Dalian Machine Tool Group, Jinan No. 1 Machine Tool Plant, Baoji Machine Tool Plant, Yunji, Great Wall, KONE and other companies have been mass-produced, with complete varieties, stable and reliable quality, and some have crossed the threshold of several hundred units per month.
(5) CNC gear processing machine tool is also one of the strengths of China's machine tool products, into a series of six-axis (coordinate) five-link CNC hobbing machine, large internal gear and external gear milling machine for wind power industry, processing diameter for heavy mining machinery industry 12 Meter milling machine å·³ put into use, Qinchuan CNC eleven-axis five-link automatic tool setting, automatic loading and unloading worm-type grinding wheel grinding machine, diameter 2 m grinding machine, seven-axis five-linking spiral bevel gear grinding machine, both It is a new machine tool in the world advanced level that has entered different mass production in the last three years. In particular, the small and medium size of the spiral bevel gear processing machine (milling and grinding) can fully meet the needs of the automotive industry and the military, tank and boat industry. The large-size spiral-cone gear processing machine with a diameter of two meters is the world's first. It can be used in deep well drilling and construction, mining machinery manufacturing (6) China's CNC machine tools have been extended to complete sets, composite areas. The Shenyang Group Zhongjie Machine Tool Plant is a Shanghai maglev train project with a seven-month delivery period. It has surrendered four production lines with CNC boring and milling machines as the main body, which is an outstanding representative of the ability of China's machine tool industry to provide complete sets of equipment. Shenyang, Dalian, Jiyi, etc. have developed world-leading products such as turning-milling compounding and milling machine composite machine tools, as well as the newly-launched Dalian Cod 14-axis 5-link milling and milling machine combined machining center with the CNC system and direct drive developed by the factory. The two-axis swing head is a highlight.
(7) The numerical control system device is the nerve center of CNC machine tools. It is a key link that has long hindered the development of China's numerical control field. On the world, after years of fierce competition in the market, the survival of the fittest has now formed a world dominated by Japan FANUC. 50% of the market; Germany's Siemens accounted for 25 percent of the monopoly (in China, it was occupied as an absolute monopoly a few years ago). Since the end of the 1990s, China has mastered the emerging open architecture technology based on the general 32-bit industrial control machine. It has been on the same starting line of contemporary technology and developed to be compatible with machining centers, compound turning machines and gear machines. CNC system, in particular, can control five-axis linkage (such as Huazhong CNC and its supporting gantry machine tool company and multi-edge machine tool company gantry type boring and milling machine, Qiyi turning and milling composite machining center, Wuzhong ship propeller processing machine, etc. for military industry Enterprise) and CNC system with networked remote monitoring, diagnosis and operation functions, and developed NC machining of spiral bevel gears, 3D laser vision inspection, and the world's original space surface interpolation software. At present, the domestically produced CNC system put into the market in batches has the competitive performance and the advantage of price and performance. The low-end can meet the domestic demand. The mid-range can meet more than 50%. The high-end one has long monopolized the Chinese market because of the world ace. Because of the competition for user trust, it has become the focus of competition, but the international monopoly in the Chinese market has been broken by the monopolistic situation of odd goods and arbitrary blockade. Huazhong CNC and Guangzhou NC act as the main force of mass production, Huazhong, Guangju, Aerospace, Blue Sky High Precision, Four Open, Jingdiao, Guangtai, Kaiqi, Ditema, Kai Endi, Dasen, Gaojin, and other CNC system plants. All of them have the ability to provide five-axis linkage high-end products with different characteristics. The multi-coordinate numerical control system for engraving and milling is self-produced and accumulated over 10,000 sets. The first development and industrialization of the bus open CNC system is supported by Guangyang. 32-axis 6-channel, six-axis linkage per channel, five-axis interpolation control, four pairs of gantry dual-drive axis control; system resolution 1nm rate up to 2x100Mbps, its core system with technical innovation patent core chip developed.
The digital AC servo speed regulating motor and spindle motor matched with the numerical control system, and the products with independent copyrights such as Dengqi, Huada, Huazhong CNC, Landian, Super Synchronous and Dalian Electric have been widely available.
(8) Other major functional components of CNC machine tools such as Nanjing Artwork, Jining Bote Ball Screw, Kate Rolling Guide, Dalian Group, Yantai CNC Knife, Indexing Turntable Self-contained Series, Luozhou Institute, Beijing Machine Tool The main shaft and Guangyang direct drive double pendulum milling head and double pendulum turntable, and the automatic tool change tool magazine and HSK tool holder and knife adjuster for CNC machine tools are produced in different batches.
4 The R&D system is properly deployed and plays a key role in the research and development of the machine tool industry in China. The R&D base consists of three parts, namely the R&D base of the enterprise, the research department of the higher education institutions and the specially set up research institutions (seven independent research institutes and Zhengzhou machine tool factory). Design Institute), the nature of the former two is similar to that of developed countries in the foreign machine tool industry. The latter only adopts a similar approach in some countries and regions. These three aspects of research and development strength contribute to the development of the machine tool industry from different angles.
(1) There are many examples of the company's R&D base for product innovation and performance upgrade: For example, the high-efficiency CNC seven-coordinate six-coupling worm-type grinding wheel grinding machine developed by Qinchuan Machine Tool Group Technology Research Institute in 2002 has reached the world advanced level. And fill the gap in the international specifications; CNC high-precision super heavy-duty roll grinder developed by the National Machine Center of Shanghai Machine Tool Plant and Xianfeng Machine Tool Plant has entered the world's advanced ranks. Shenyang, Dalian, Qiyi, Qier, Jier, Guangyang, etc. all have their own R&D institutions with strength.
(2) The scientific research team of colleges and universities is known for its basic common technology, cutting-edge technology and software technology research. In addition to the research results obtained by the self-contained system, it also combines with the enterprise to develop products, complementing each other's advantages and achieving cutting-edge technologies such as virtual axis (parallel) machine tools. Product and basic theory achievements. In addition, setting up production and operation companies in colleges and universities, and transforming special scientific research results into machine tool products may be a special way in the world's machine tool industry. The spiral bevel gear grinding machine developed by Central South University and the world's advanced technology, Huazhong Science and Technology University The rapid prototyping technologies of Tsinghua University and Xi'an Jiaotong University are all developed directly from the market.
(3) The independent research unit in the field of machine tool industry in China has been undertaking basic common research and development work, and has the advantage of integrating and developing top-level products with a number of basic common technologies. After the reform of scientific research system, it has the nature of science and technology-oriented enterprises, and its vitality is enhanced. For example, the nanotechnology machine tools of the Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute are examples of China's R&D capabilities.
The R&D capability is embodied in the special milling machine for the special passengers, the special milling machine for the Shenzhou manned spacecraft combustion chamber, the special high-travel vertical car for nuclear power boiler processing, and the special equipment for processing the world's largest caliber large-field astronomical telescope parts. All of them paid a satisfactory answer.
5 Courage to climb the frontier of technology As a machine tool technology field of manufacturing and processing, in recent years, it has become a revolutionary technology, and the emergence of parallel structure (virtual axis) machine tools and the rapid prototyping technology.
(1) Parallel structure machine tools In the early 1990s, Ingersoll USA appeared on the US International Machine Tool Show in the form of commodities, and several machine tool companies in Sweden, France, Japan, Russia, Poland, and South Korea. Or universities and research institutes put forward different types of experimental products, which are similar to each other. After entering the small-volume commodity market, the Swedish Nias company is more prominent. The US Cincinnati Company, Germany DMG, and Shenyang Machine Tool Group use this principle in the tradition. On the basic structure of the horizontal boring and milling machine, the multi-coordinate linkage action of the spindle components is realized, which has another novelty.
China's scientific and technological circles, especially the scientific research groups of universities, have made breakthroughs in innovation within a few years, and entered the research field of parallel-structured machine tools (such as Harbin Institute of Technology - Haliang, Tianjin University - Tianjin No. 1 Plant, Tsinghua University - Dalian Machine Tool Group, Tsinghua University-Kunming Machine Tool Plant, Qinchuan and Northwest Polytechnic, combined with the use of series-parallel structure in combination with different purposes, to achieve specialized processing. Tsinghua University-Qiqihar Second Machine Tool Group developed a mix The joint structure machine tool has been officially identified as China's original creation, and has been debuted at the China International Machine Tool Exhibition. It is used in the manufacture of hydropower equipment in Harbin Electric Machinery Factory. These innovations show that China's cutting-edge technology in the cutting-edge technology of the machine tool Sex and have the basic strength of software and hardware.
Based on the six-bar parallel machine tool developed by Harbin Institute of Technology (four batches for the production of four blades for the processing of blades in Harbin Steam Turbine Works), Haliang Group recently cooperated with the Swedish EXECHON company to develop the latest parallel machine tool with three-bar structure. It has a wider application range and is suitable for the processing of ultra-long and large workpieces in the aerospace locomotive industry, small parts, wings and cabins.
(2) Rapid prototyping technology is a great change in the processing principle that has appeared in the past ten years. Unlike the long-distance processing method of removing materials (cutting, punching and shearing), rapid prototyping technology is actually a departure from the tradition. The processing method, the reverse of the method of material build-up (or additive manufacturing method) to achieve a method of manufacturing the workpiece, for the manufacture of prototype workpieces (ie, the design concept is quickly made into a solid, thus verifying the feasibility of the design It is revolutionary to shorten the trial production cycle of products, which is the product of the organic combination of material science, computer software technology and high-precision hardware technology. There are not many countries in the world that have mastered this technology, and China has its own intellectual property rights technology and products. The more prominent ones are Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Beijing Science and Technology University, North University of China, Daheng Company of the Academy of Sciences, and several A private technology-led enterprise. Over 100 units of products with different principles of layered solid manufacturing (LOM), fused deposition forming (FDM), ultraviolet laser curing (SLA), laser selective sintering (SLS), and metal powder injection molding (MIM) The market entered the world's first ranks and exported technology to Singapore. It is especially suitable for the prototype construction and small batch production of special structural shapes and special material parts in the aerospace industry.
(3) Machine tool industry design technology is a new technology integrating human-machine engineering, environmental art and computer-aided design technology. In order to improve the competitiveness of machine tool products, China has set up a numerical control machine tool design research center in Hunan University. It is also a unique practice in the world. This center has a first-class human-machine laboratory for human factors and humanized design research. It is manufactured for more than a dozen important machine tools such as Beiyi, Shenyi, Jiyi, Great Wall and Polygon. The factory has dozens of products for design, creating a unique personality recognition style, and has achieved remarkable results in the market. Users generally reflect the direct perception of China's machine tools, and have successively made several steps. The appearance of excellent products has a sense of the times and practicality. The market is welcome. This research center opens the "knowledge-based intelligent auxiliary network collaborative modeling design system", including the machine tool outer cover modeling library, the machine tool humanity technology knowledge base, and the payment system established on the international Internet platform in a collaborative parallel mode. Throughout the entire process of machine tool product development, as an extension of the company's design resources, for the machine tool industry.
(4) Nano-processing and sub-micron processing technology and equipment are the forefront of modern ultra-high precision technology. Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute has won several commanding heights and applied to nuclear fusion and IT industry. Several products put into the market have reached the world's leading level. Harbin Institute of Technology has carried out a series of related basic scientific research work to pave the way for further development.
The above-mentioned various explorations at the forefront of technology have achieved results, not only indicating that the innovative thinking of science and technology in China's machine tool industry is active, but also reflects the extraordinary strength and achievements. This is the late development of China's machine tool industry to participate in market competition and seize the world's technological commanding heights. The advantage lies.
6 Extensive application of information technology The continuous improvement of modern operation management and the application of information technology have become the key link for the world's manufacturing industry to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises. For manufacturing enterprises, information technology is an extremely effective means of improving the economic efficiency of enterprises. Its technical framework is mainly computer-aided technology and network technology. Compared with the world's machine tool industry developed countries, China's machine tool industry is not too late, the pace is not slow, and the application effect is obvious.
The most basic and fastest practical part of computer-aided technology is computer-aided design; from two-dimensional mapping to three-dimensional solid modeling, and then applied to finite element analysis and computer-aided experiments to improve design effectiveness. Many enterprises in China's machine tool industry have been in operation for more than ten years and have entered the stage of wide application. Enjoy this affordable with international counterparts.
The auxiliary management technology in computer-aided technology has been initially involved in China's machine tool industry enterprises (similar to foreign countries). The early application of modern integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) in machine tool enterprises includes Beiyi, Jiyi, Qiyi, etc. In recent years, network technology has emerged. Machine tool enterprises have established LANs for communication in enterprises. Some have cooperated with data sharing and ERP. Some of them are Hanchuan Machine Tool Plant, Jiji, Shenyang Group and Qiyi. The company has achieved different degrees of progress, including Ningjiang Machine Tool Plant, Wuxi Machine Tool Plant, Shanghai Machine Tool Plant, Shanghai No. 1 Machine Tool Plant, Wuzhong, Shenyi, Baoji Machine Tool Plant, and private Japanese machine tool company.
Many manufacturers have established active corporate websites to promote their products to users around the world, and some have started e-commerce activities.
Promoting information technology in enterprises to accelerate product development, improve production management efficiency, communicate supply, sales information, and accelerate market response, thereby increasing corporate efficiency, is thus a means for the world's machine tool industry developed countries to improve market competitiveness. In this regard, with the improvement of the national information industry environment, China's machine tool industry is vigorously promoting its application.
7 Full implementation of the “please come in, go out†strategy China's machine tool industry and overseas production, technical cooperation, the introduction of technology and talents, financing joint ventures, accepting sole proprietorship to set up factories, as soon as possible, see more than one hundred results, adapt to the market Demand and improved product performance levels have produced good results.
The "going out" policy repeatedly emphasized by the central government has a practical and important guiding role for the current machine tool industry in China. In the past seven years, China's machine tool industry has gone abroad to conduct overseas mergers and acquisitions of internationally renowned machine tool companies. The progress has been smooth; it has successfully acquired two US, two Japanese, one French and five German.
Dalian Machine Tool Group took the lead. Beiyi, Shenyang, Hangzhou, Qinchuan, Haliang, Shanghai, Xinghuo and other groups have successfully acquired foreign companies, and they have achieved fruitful results in technology and economy. The overseas mergers and acquisitions of the machine tool industry have played a pioneering role in China's equipment manufacturing industry. It is a way to directly acquire high-level overseas technical resources and effectively utilize the mature international sales network. (You can also use the ship to sell the products that are suitable for international needs.) At the same time, it can effectively train relevant technologies, management, marketing talents and improve The ability to integrate international exchanges and help to increase international visibility and external collection and dissemination of information is the four international countries that China's machine tool industry has purchased foreign advanced productivity (equipment), single technology introduction, map processing, international cooperation development and cooperative production. An extension and upgrade of the historical stage of engagement. This is also a measure that China should actively take in the integration of the world economy.
8 Emphasis on technological innovation and talent cultivation The main winning factor in the international machine tool market competition is technological innovation. Machine tool products are of concern to users for their use value. Therefore, effective development of new products, especially special products, is effective. Alliance with users (especially military users), and in-depth understanding of the use of the process (the manufacturing process of the machine tool itself, it can be said that the machine tool manufacturer has basically mastered after many years of practice, and the accumulated experience of the user is an inexhaustible source. ) so that the new products developed can bring satisfactory benefits to users.
Some basic technologies and new technologies in machine tool design are the basis for ensuring that new products can win. R & D work should be advanced, strengthened, and reserved, in order to make the company's products continue to innovate and win in the market competition.
To achieve and realize technological innovation in product development, the key to the enterprise is the technical and technical talents. Strengthening the cultivation of talents in this field is an endless task for the present and the future.
In addition to the combination of production, learning, research and use (household), the establishment of post-doctoral workstations to accommodate all elites, China's machine tool industry has also established a number of international cooperation design and development bases at home and abroad, sending out training and absorbing foreign talents to China, so that Direct access to the latest foreign technical information, development of cutting-edge new products, but also training a batch of domestic professionals.
9 Machine tool industry system mechanism reform and technological transformation are effective China's machine tool industry ownership system from the original state-owned and collective ownership accounted for the majority, å·³ changed to the number of enterprises; state-owned holdings accounted for 6.2%, collective holdings accounted for 6.5%, private holdings accounted for 73.9 %, three capital accounted for 13.5%, and according to the total industrial output value, state-owned shares accounted for 15.4%.
State-owned enterprises have gradually formed large groups. For example, Shenyang and Dalian Machine Tool Group have ranked among the top ten in the world machine tool industry. Machine tools groups such as Qi Er, Qinchuan and Chongqing have emerged one after another.
Among the private enterprises, there are a number of rising stars such as Guangyang, Jingdiao, Haitian, Rifa, Xinrui, Jingcheng, Zhongda Chuangyuan, Kaishuai, Yipai, Sikai, Jack, etc., to play the advantage of “small strong man†and develop new products. In terms of aspect, it has contributed a lot and is very distinctive.
The state-owned shares of the private capital holding such as Ningjiang, Hangzhou, Hanchuan, Huading, Qiyi, Xinghuo, etc. have added momentum for development and continue to rush.
In recent years, China's machine tool industry has also emerged as a new type of production and operation mode that is “alternative†in the world. This is the “Zhengchenggong Union CNC Optical Machine Production Group Company†located in Kunming, Yunnan, and its operation mode is for domestic and foreign Hundreds of machine tool factories (known companies such as Nikonas of Spain, Demaggio of Germany, Mitsubishi of Japan, domestic Shenji Group, Dalian Machine Tool Group, Qinchuan Machine Tool Group, Qier Group, Baoji, Hanchuan Machine Tool Plant, etc.) The alliance is equipped with 19 sets of CNC heavy-duty pentahedron machining centers, 5 imported gantry guide grinding machines, 4 imported floor boring and milling machines and 4 imported machining centers, which provide finished machines for the above-mentioned domestic and foreign famous factories. Such as the Longmen milling and boring machine, machining center) precision large parts and parts. After successful operation in recent years, it has developed into a new factory building of 40,000 square meters (plus the original 40,000 square meters), with an annual output of complete machine (such as CNC heavy-duty milling machine, etc.), and other vertical machining centers. For example, the monthly output is more than 600 sets and more than 20 specifications. For example, more than a dozen companies such as the Nikonas factory have even set up assembly plants around the production base of the alliance, and they are ready to be shipped as finished products.
Another thing that has emerged in the machine tool industry with its distinctive innovation and vitality is the establishment of several “innovation alliancesâ€. They are: Beijing CNC Equipment Innovation Alliance, Chengdu Precision CNC Industry Technology Innovation Alliance, CNC System Fieldbus Technology Standard Alliance led by the National Development and Reform Commission, Nanjing CNC Equipment Industry Innovation Alliance, Chinese Academy of Sciences CNC Technology Innovation Alliance, and led by the Ministry of Science and Technology. The organization of the CNC machine tool high-speed precision technology innovation strategic alliance, etc., will certainly create a unique impetus for the development of China's CNC technology and industry.
In recent years, through land replacement, the new and large-scale technical transformation of Yidi, Dalian, Beiyi, Wuzhong, Hayigong, Huazhong CNC and other enterprises and Beijing Machine Tool Institute, Chengdu Tool Works, Suzhou Electric Processing Institute, etc. Key research institutes. Large-scale expansion and transformation of such companies as Ningjiang, Qinchuan, Qiyi, Qier, Hanchuan, Changzheng, Anyang, etc., as well as a number of new small and medium-sized machine tool factories, Kate, Bote and other functional parts factories. After the transformation, the production environment is new, the management level is greatly improved, the equipment is updated and optimized, and the research conditions are improved. Some of them can be described as world-class, and most of them are comparable to foreign advanced enterprises.
The current worldwide economic crisis has inevitably affected China's machine tool industry. Crisis and challenges coexist, and the positive measures to deal with are to adjust the structure, abandon the nostalgia for low-end products, and work hard to enrich the technical strength, improve product performance, quality and personalization, expand the field of service for users, and meet the new requirements of users. . In particular, aiming at the high-end market demand that China's military and civilian equipment manufacturing industry is still developing, replacing imports, capturing the share that should be possessed but not yet taken, and striving to develop targeted exports, which is both effective and long-term effective for China's machine tool industry. One of the ways out is also the responsibility.
China's machine tool industry shoulders the lofty mission of serving China's national economy and national defense manufacturing industry. Now, it will be a more arduous task before us. There is a long way to go, and I am not waiting for it. The machine tool industry in China must strive to advance and meet greater challenges.
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