Accelerate the construction of over-the-counter market 　　 Supporting listed companies to refinance mergers and acquisitions  Exploring high-tech enterprises to issue high-yield bonds Recently, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the People's Bank of China, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration of Taxation, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission jointly issued a number of "promoting the combination of science and technology and finance to accelerate the implementation of independent innovation strategies." opinion". The "Opinions" proposes to continuously deepen the reform and innovation of science and technology, finance and management, realize the effective docking of scientific and technological resources and financial resources, and accelerate the formation of a diversified, multi-level and multi-channel technology investment and financing system, which will provide important for the in-depth implementation of independent innovation strategies. Guarantee. The "Opinions" have determined the support policies for the financial support for the development of science and technology enterprises. Optimize the allocation of scientific and technological resources and establish a coordination mechanism between science and technology and finance. Innovate financial technology investment methods and mechanisms, establish and improve the science and technology financial coordination mechanism of the science and technology departments and financial management departments, fiscal and taxation departments, and state-owned assets supervision institutions, and guide and drive social capital to participate in technological innovation through mechanism innovation. Continuously strengthen the linkage between science and finance work at the central and local levels, and build a technology investment and financing system that combines government funds with social funds, equity financing and debt financing, direct financing and indirect financing. The "Opinions" clarify that it is necessary to cultivate and develop venture capital. We will continue to expand the scale of technology-based SMEs' venture capital guiding funds, and comprehensively use stage participation, risk subsidies and investment guarantees to guide venture capital institutions to invest in technology-based SMEs in the initial stage and promote the innovation and development of SMEs. Guide state-owned venture capital institutions and state-owned venture capital guiding funds to invest in unlisted SMEs. If they meet the requirements, they may apply for exemption from state-owned shares transfer obligations. In addition, it is necessary to gradually establish a venture capital raising mechanism based on government funds and private capital as the main body, and a market-oriented entrepreneurial capital operation mechanism to guide and support private capital to participate in independent innovation. Guide financial institutions such as the banking industry to increase credit support for technology-based SMEs. The "Opinions" require that financial institutions should put the implementation of independent innovation strategies in a prominent position and strengthen credit support and financial services for key scientific and technological work. Encourage commercial banks to try first and actively explore and carry out technology-based SME loan models, product and service innovation. Encourage science and technology microfinance companies to actively explore credit management models suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises. Encourage banking financial institutions to cooperate with non-bank financial institutions in an in-depth manner, encourage private capital to enter the financial sector, and form innovative mechanisms for resource integration and complementary advantages such as technology microfinance companies, venture capital institutions, financial leasing companies, guarantee companies, and bank franchises. We will do a good job of connecting the financing methods of SMEs from the initial stage to the maturity stage. The "Opinions" pointed out that vigorously develop multi-level capital markets and expand the scale of direct financing. Actively explore the establishment of an information communication mechanism between the science and technology department and the securities regulatory department to support the listing of qualified and innovative enterprises. Support eligible re-financing of listed and innovative companies and market-oriented mergers and acquisitions. Accelerate the construction of the national over-the-counter market, improve the supervision and trading system of the property rights trading market, improve the transaction efficiency, and provide services for the transfer and financing of property rights (shares) of small and medium-sized enterprises including non-listed technology-based enterprises. The "Opinions" proposed to support technology-based enterprises to raise funds through the bond market. Further improve the issuance mechanism of direct debt financing instruments and simplify the issuance process. Support qualified SMEs to finance through the issuance of corporate bonds, corporate bonds, short-term financing bills, medium-term notes, collective bonds, and collective notes. Exploring qualified high-tech enterprises to issue high-yield bond financing. Encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to further improve corporate governance and financial structure, and encourage intermediaries to strengthen their counseling efforts to promote their direct debt financing. Encourage technology-based SMEs to make full use of the combination of trust loans, equity investment, and financial leasing to broaden financing channels. Actively explore the use of property rights trading market for small and micro technology-based enterprises' equity transfer and financing services, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and intellectual property transactions. Accelerate the cultivation and improvement of the science and technology insurance market, provide insurance support in the areas of self-employment, mergers and acquisitions, and strategic emerging industries for small and medium-sized enterprises, and further expand the field of science and technology insurance services. Actively explore ways and means of supporting the development of science and technology in the construction of high-tech zones in the country, the cultivation of strategic emerging industries and the investment of major national science and technology projects.  Anodizing Treatment
Anodizing treatment is a surface finishing process for aluminum that forms a protective oxide layer on the surface of the metal. The process involves immersing the aluminum material in an electrolytic solution and passing an electric current through it. This creates a uniform and durable oxide coating that enhances the corrosion resistance and aesthetic appeal of the metal.
There are two main types of anodizing treatment: sulfuric acid anodizing and hard anodizing. Sulfuric acid anodizing is the most common type and produces a thinner, more decorative layer of oxide coating, while hard anodizing results in a thicker, harder, and corrosion-resistant layer that is ideal for industrial and automotive applications.
Anodizing treatment provides numerous benefits to aluminum products. It increases their resistance to corrosion and wear and tear, making them suitable for use in harsh environmental conditions. The process also enhances the strength and durability of the metal, extending its lifespan and reducing the need for maintenance.
Another advantage of anodizing treatment is its ability to add color and texture to aluminum products. Different dyes can be added to the electrolyte solution to produce a range of colors, from bright and vibrant to more subdued tones. Additionally, different textures and finishes can be achieved through specialized anodizing processes, such as matte anodizing or brushed anodizing.
Anodizing treatment is commonly used in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, construction, and consumer goods. It is an eco-friendly process as it uses no hazardous materials and produces minimal waste. However, it is important to note that anodizing treatment may affect the dimensional accuracy of the product and may mask defects that are present on the surface of the material.
Overall, anodizing treatment provides an effective way to enhance the functionality and appearance of aluminum products. As research and innovation continue to advance, even more advanced and innovative applications of anodized aluminum are expected to emerge.
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