Spring is a key period for the management of orchards in the year. In the spring orchard management, the focus should be on “scientific fertilization, guaranteeing fruit set, controlling pests and diseases†to ensure fruit production.
Grape
I. Fertilizer Management
1. Saplings: Once a month, the plant uses 0.5-1 of urea and 2 kg of chicken manure. Appropriate increase after June.
2, adult tree: (1) before germination, plant application of urea 2-3 two, human and animal waste 25-50 kg (or chicken feces 5-10 kg). In case of drought, irrigate once to ensure that the buds are neat. (2) Spray 1-2 times 0.3% potassium phosphate and 0.1% borax 5-10 days before flowering or at the initial flowering stage. (3) In May, when the young fruit is inflated until the fruit is ripe, the plant is applied with 2 urea, 1-2 kg of superphosphate, 2 potassium sulfate, 25-50 kg of human feces (or 5-10 kg of chicken manure).
Second, plastic trimming
1. Topping: When the flowers are taken from the end of April to the beginning of May, leave 7-8 leaves to pick the heart (depending on the variety), and then leave the secondary tips 2-3, and leave 1-3 leaves for each heart.
2, thinning flowers and thinning: one week before flowering, the excessive flower spikes are removed, the strong fruit vines leave 2 spikes, the moderate fruit vines only leave 1 spike, the weak vines do not stay, and the 1/3 of the end of the flower spikes 1/5 promptly sparse. In principle, the ear of the ear should not exceed 4,500 ears. In late May, it is advisable to remove small and irregular fruit pieces to keep no more than 50-60 grains per ear.
Third, pest control
1. The buds sprouted but did not shoot. The 0.3-0.5 degree stone sulphur mixture was used to prevent black acne, powdery mildew and short beard.
2. In early April, use 50% carbendazim 650 times or 70% methyl thiophanate 600 times or quick keling 600 times to prevent gray mold.
3, in the growing season with rain, after the weather should be protected against flower rot, white powder, blight, etc., can be used to apply ash and kill insecticides.
4, in the middle and late May, can be used 800 times or 50% carbendazim 800 times plus insecticidal acaricide to prevent anthrax, black pox, short whiskers.
Pear
I. Fertilizer Management
1. Saplings: mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, once a month, planting 0.1-0.2 kg plus 10 kg of human waste.
2. Results tree: (1) 1-2 kg of compound fertilizer and 30-50 kg of human and animal manure from the end of February to the beginning of March. (2) Before the fruit is inflated, the plant applies 0.3-0.4 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to promote fruit growth. (3) After the leaf color turns green, 0.3% urea is added and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed once every 10-15 days.
Second, Shuguo
After Xie Hua to mid-May, the deformed fruit, the diseased fruit, the dense fruit and the small fruit were removed, and the fruit stalk was long and thick, the fruit shape was good, and the peel color was good.
Third, pest control
1. Spray the Baumeite sulphur mixture 3-5 degrees before the germination of the pear buds in early spring.
2, the initial flowering period (flower 5%), spray 80% dichlorvos 800 times to control pests such as pear bees, pear stem bees.
3, after Xie Hua (flower drop 80%), spray 50% carbendazim 500 times plus dichlorvos or omethoate to control heartworm, pear, pear and so on; use 50% phoxim 500 times solution to control pear mites Pear black spot disease and rust are controlled by using mancozeb 1000 times solution or retort 1000 times solution or powder rusting 800 times solution.
4. The new shoots damaged by the pear bees are cut off at about 3 cm below the victim.
5. In late May, spray 1:2:200-240 Bordeaux mixture to prevent and cure various diseases such as pear black spot disease.
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