More and more manufacturing companies have carefully planned and actively constructed the enterprise information system integration framework from the perspective of long-term development strategy, laying the foundation for deepening enterprise information sharing and promoting enterprise innovation. The traditional manufacturing industry, especially the equipment manufacturing industry.
Since its inception, digital manufacturing technology has moved from a technical “single point tool†to a comprehensive solution that combines process technology and process management. In recent years, along with the digital manufacturing Manufacturing Process Management (ManufacturingProcess Management, MPM) integrated into the concept of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) platform. In the application fields of process planning, digital processing of parts, digital pre-assembly of products, and ergonomics analysis, with the support of the PLM platform, the sharing of data and resources of the whole team has been realized, and the manufacturing group and the inside and outside of the enterprise have been improved. The effective synergy promotes the reuse of knowledge in enterprises. PLM's change management, version management and other functions are more effective in ensuring the correct implementation of digital manufacturing.
The development of digital manufacturing
The idea of ​​digitizing the manufacturing process dates back to the 1950s. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology envisioned working on part models on the screen and machining parts on the machine according to the model on the screen. This was just an ideal at the time. Since then, the emergence of numerical control technology and CNC machine tools has strongly supported this idea, making it possible to control the machining process of components with digital quantities. Early CNC machines were both large and expensive, with a small range of applications. In the following decades, computer technology developed rapidly, the computing speed increased, the storage capacity increased, and the volume continued to shrink. This greatly promoted the development of CNC machine tool control systems. At the same time, the development of CAD, CAM and CAPP technology directly promoted the development of digital manufacturing.
Since the 1980s, countries such as Israel have begun research and application of systematic digital manufacturing. First, the robot kinematics simulation study was started around 1985 and applied to offline programming of robots. This is important for the production line using robots, especially the automotive industry. It greatly shortens the commissioning and production preparation cycle of the production line and increases the speed at which new products are available.
Starting from the simulation optimization of some production systems and the automation research of production units, the concept and practice of “digital†manufacturing has gradually developed from some “point toolsâ€, and has gradually pushed all aspects of manufacturing engineering into computer aids. The concept of production engineering (CAPE). Around 1996, the digitization of the manufacturing process began to develop a complete manufacturing process framework, build a process model on the manufacturing server, share product and production data, and integrate the professional modules of each "point tool" type seamlessly to support the whole All aspects of the process, including: production planning, production line definition and balance, working time quota, parts processing and numerical control programming, assembly process research, quality control, human-machine efficiency, plant layout, work guidance, process documentation generation, etc. A full-featured "Digital Factory" running on a computer. Here, simulation is widely used as the main technical means. The virtual manufacturing environment supported by high-performance computers and networks is the foundation for the operation of "digital factories." The key links and essential features of the manufacturing process are presented before the actual physical process. Problems that may arise during the production process can also be discovered early in the planning process and thus resolved earlier.
In early 2000, Tecnomatix of Israel presented the concept of MPM at the company's annual meeting to support the manufacturing process life cycle, from process planning, manufacturing process technology and equipment to finished products, including all OEM members of the entire manufacturing chain. Process engineers, equipment manufacturers, and material suppliers contact a virtual enterprise. MPM helps manufacturers to develop optimal production strategies to support business strategies, and its implementation results further drive the development of digital manufacturing to a full range of solutions. The past two years, PLM is becoming a unified digital platform architecture of many manufacturing companies, MPM has become an integral part of PLM platform. Digital manufacturing and product development share a unified environment, while fully utilizing the advantages of process technology simulation, and comprehensively improve the ability in manufacturing data management, process management and resource management.
Digital manufacturing process
The manufacturing process, from planning to execution, involves a variety of complex and interrelated activities – from part processing and assembly process planning to plant design, work cell layout, ergonomic analysis and quality planning. PLM-based digital manufacturing solutions support and streamline all of these activities, shorten work cycles, improve collaboration and facilitate reuse of knowledge and resources throughout the manufacturing process.
The manufacturing process can be abstracted into a process model consisting of three elements: product, process flow and resource. Among them, the product is a general term for blanks, raw materials, semi-finished products, parts, components and final products. The process flow is a collection of all processes for manufacturing a product, including processing and assembly. Resources, broadly including process equipment such as personnel, factories, tools, and fixtures, are conditions under which the process can proceed. As the manufacturing process progresses, the product form gradually changes from the initial raw materials and blanks to the final product that meets the requirements for use.
A complete product, often consisting of several parts and parts, each consisting of several sub-parts or parts. In the PLM environment, all zeros and components are logically placed on the product tree. A large amount of product information from CAD includes various forms: digital models and drawings describing the geometry of parts, text files that record technical conditions and standards, related animations or video files, etc. are integrated in the product structure tree. In actual application, different versions of the same product are also indicated.
The process involves multiple processes. The process information includes the process name, operation content, working hours, operators, required equipment, and tooling tools. An operation is divided into several steps to execute. When designing and creating a process, according to the shape, function and process requirements of the specific components, combined with the factory structure and the principle of division of labor, formulate the process route, select reasonable processes and steps, assign appropriate work units and assign the required processes. Equipment, specify the required operator skill level. The process design process under the PLM platform is also the process of creating a BOM by designing a bill of materials BOM. BOM information is associated with a Manufacturing Process Checklist (BOP) to ensure that the correct product configuration is used in the correct contextual work environment.
The resource information comes from many channels such as factory design and station layout platform, fixture design platform. In the PLM environment, the classification management of a variety of manufacturing resources, according to the typical process and manufacturing experience of the company to form a template to ensure the rational use of resources and plant layout.
The use effectiveness management in the PLM environment can provide correct information according to different sales conditions and different batch technical conditions of the product, and carry out effective change management to ensure the correctness of the digital manufacturing process and the whole life cycle of the product. Rapid response to engineering changes within the scope.
PLM is a manufacturing enterprise information strategy and a platform for implementing information technology. This mechanism of informationization in the manufacturing process will ensure that the manufacturing team can coordinate more effectively, enable the work team to access key data more quickly when needed, realize the sharing of typical process and manufacturing experience, and realize the knowledge engineering and knowledge management of the enterprise. .
Process planning and simulation verification
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) forms the complete process product, process flow, and resource process information when planning the production of a product by linking actual product data, required manufacturing resources, process operations, and manufacturing characteristics. Expressing a clear process plan, it is the basic clue of the whole process of digital manufacturing, which enables all process information to be highly shared among all relevant personnel in the enterprise and throughout the enterprise supply chain.
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