(1) During the cultivation season, the cultivation season of abalone mushroom can be arranged according to the normal mushrooming of abalone mushroom at 25-30 °C. It is generally suitable for May-October every year, and more mushrooms are cultivated from mid-May to July. The output is relatively high, and the output from August to October is relatively low, because this time often encounters the highest temperature and the low temperature effect in mid-October.
(2) Cultivation methods The cultivation of abalone mushrooms is mainly carried out by bagging, and the mushrooms are placed on the bed frame to make full use of the space. Ventilation windows should be provided in the mushroom house, and the surrounding environment should be cleaned to reduce the source of pollution. The orientation of the mushroom shed should be north facing. Although the abalone mushroom is a high-temperature mushroom, the summer sun is strong, and the temperature tends to exceed the temperature range of the abalone mushroom. It is not good for the mushroom. The mushroom shed is easy to avoid the sun and ventilation.
(3) Preparation of the mother species The PDA medium was supplemented with 0.2% peptone, and the abalone mushroom mother seed was prepared according to the conventional method of making the mushroom seed. Both the original species and the cultivar can be used as ordinary sawdust medium, that is, 74% of broadleaf trees, 24% of bran, 1% of sugar, and 1% of calcium carbonate. Grain medium can also be used. The production process is the same as that of edible mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms.
(4) The cultivation formula uses different main materials to cultivate abalone mushrooms, and the yield varies greatly. According to the test, the following varieties of cultivation materials are used to produce a higher amount of mushrooms.
　
1. Cotton seed shell or waste cotton 93%, bran 5%, white sugar 1%, calcium carbonate 1%.
2. Cotton seed shell 405%, broadleaf tree shavings or bagasse 40%, bran 18%, sugar 1%, calcium carbonate 1%.
3. Broadleaf tree shavings 73%, bran 20%, corn flour 5%, sugar 1%, calcium carbonate 1%.
4. Straw powder 37%, broadleaf tree shavings 37%, bran 20%, corn flour 4%, sugar 1%, calcium carbonate 1%.
5. Wheat straw (smashed) 25%, bean straw (smashed) 25%, corn cob (smashed) 25%, mixed wood chips 12%, bran 10%, lime 1%, superphosphate 1%, gypsum powder L%.
6. Bag sterilization is based on the formula, first pre-wet to absorb enough water, adjust the water content to 65%-70% to bag. The bag size is 20x33x0.05 or l7x33x0.05 polypropylene film bag. Sterilization, inoculation, and bacteria are the same as usual. Generally, the hyphae can be sent to the bottom of the bag for 25-30 days. When the mycelium is physiologically mature, it can be transplanted into the mushroom shed for mushroom management.
(6) Mushroom management Abalone mushroom is different from other oyster mushrooms. It is not advisable to open a hole around the fungus bag, because the fruiting body does not necessarily grow out of the fruiting body, and sometimes there are only stigma conidiophores in the hole, which cannot develop. Child entity. It is also not advisable to take off the bag and leave the mushroom. Otherwise, the conidiophore bundle and the droplet containing the conidia will grow on the surface of the whole column, which means that the fruiting body can be produced, and the number of flowers is very small.
Use the surface of the culture material to extract the mushroom, that is, remove the cotton plug, remove the collar, straighten the film of the bag and then roll it down to the surface of the near culture material. The handle that has grown out of the material surface is slender, without cover or cover. The young child is hydrated and sprayed 3-4 times a day. After spraying water, the excess water in the bag is drained. The temperature of the mushroom house is controlled at 27-32 °C. Mushroom buds do not occur below 20 °C. Mushroom buds occur at 20-25 °C, and mushroom buds are more difficult to occur than 32 °C. Therefore, controlling the temperature of the mushrooms is the key. The relative humidity of the air is adjusted to about 90%, and the amount of water sprayed and the number of water sprays must be increased with the growth of the mushroom body. There can be no direct sunlight. Generally, the mushrooms will start to be produced in 8-10 days, and the mushrooms will be collected 6-8 days after the buds. After the head mushroom is harvested, the hyphae can be restored for 2-3 days and then sprayed with water. After 12-15 days, the second mushroom can be taken. Generally, the third mushroom mushroom bud is relatively small.
(7) Pest control for abalone and mushroom growth, relatively high temperature during the mushrooming period, and high air humidity during the mushrooming period. Under such high temperature and high humidity conditions, it is difficult to treat pests and diseases once they occur. Prevention of pests and diseases is essential. First of all, it is required to select fresh and mildew-free main materials during preparation. Before inoculation, the inoculation box, the germinating chamber, the cultivation shed and the bed frame should be cleaned and then fumigated. The dosage is 10g sulfur or 10ml formalin per cubic meter, and sprayed with spray before fumigation. Wet space enhances sterilization. In addition, all the doors and windows should be woven with a densely woven nylon mesh to prevent flies and mosquitoes from flying indoors. Once you find a bag with bacteria and insects, you should take out the outdoor destruction treatment in time to prevent spread.
(8) The harvested and processed abalone mushroom cover is nearly flat and the cover edge is slightly involute, and it is harvested when it has not been spit. If the spores are mature and ejected, they will not only have a low commodity value, but also have a bitter taste in the mushroom body, and the spores will affect the health of the mushroom. The whole production cycle of abalone mushrooms is about 3 months, and the biological efficiency is 70%-90%. The freshly harvested mushrooms are removed from the mushroom handle with the medium and can be marketed. The mushroom body with a diameter of 3-5cm and a stem length of 1-2 cm can be processed into a salted mushroom or canned for export, and the processing technology is the same as that of other oyster mushrooms.
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