Vegetables are an important way to supplement vitamins in our daily life. In the process of vegetable planting, some diseases will inevitably occur. Summer is a high incidence of diseases . So what should we do in summer vegetable diseases ? This article will introduce summer vegetables to everyone. Disease prevention and treatment methods.
It is hot and rainy in summer, which is good for vegetable diseases and insects. Common vegetable pests include Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, beet armyworm, Spodoptera litura, yellow-striped flea, spotted fly and aphids. Perennial diseases include: soft rot of leafy vegetables, viral diseases, downy mildew, underground nematodes; downy mildew of melons, anthracnose, blight, blight; powdery mildew, rust, blight, virus of beans Disease; early blight of the solanaceous fruit, late blight, bacterial wilt, blight, gray mold and viral diseases. The comprehensive prevention and control technology for vegetable pests and diseases must implement the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive preventionâ€.
Cultivation technology prevention
First, reasonable arrangements for vegetable production. Unified arrangements for farmland farming and rotation. It is necessary to start from the selection of land, the whole car, the choice of varieties, the arrangement of the mouth, the disinfection of seeds, the sowing of seedlings, the planting, and the management of the field.
Second, field management. Timely cultivating, clearing the drainage ditch, and discovering that the vegetable ground water should be cleared in time. Strengthen field management, rationally trim and shape, and remove dense stems, branches, flowers, fruits, diseased branches and diseased leaves to keep the plants ventilated and transparent. Diligent examination, if the diseased plant is found, it should be removed early to block the spread of the disease.
Physical machinery control
Methods for killing pests using various physical factors, labor or instruments are all physical and mechanical methods.
First, artificial killing. When the pests occur in a small area and are not suitable for other control measures, artificial killing can be carried out. If the tigers and cockroaches are found in the vegetable fields, they can be caught in the soil of the affected plants and the rhizosphere of the plant, or they can be used to shake the plants and kill them. For more active pests, various capture tools such as insect nets can also be used for killing. Spodoptera litura concentrates on eggs and can manually remove egg fragments.
Second, the light traps. Insects have phototaxis during nighttime activities, and can be trapped by various light traps or sugar waxes. Dolphins such as the night moth, moth, moth, and diamondback moth, as well as pests such as chafers, crickets, and spider mites can be trapped by black light. The ultraviolet light of the black light has the strongest killing power.
Third, the swatch trap. Yellow has a strong attraction to aphids. The yellow plate is made of plastic film or plastic sheet and is generally rectangular. The circumference of the film is fixed by a square frame, and a pillar is added to the left and right for insertion into the ground. The plastic film is generally two layers, the inner wall of the film is coated with yellow advertising color, and the outer surface of the film is coated with oil; the yellow plastic plate can be coated with oil on both sides. Set the height of the field to no more than 1 meter, slightly higher than the vegetable plant, and set 8 blocks per 1 mu.
Chemical pesticide control
First, understand the types of pests and diseases and pesticide characteristics, the right medicine. Vegetable diseases can be divided into infective diseases and non-invasive diseases. Non-invasive diseases are not contagious, caused by improper cultivation techniques (such as deficiency, water-stained roots, etc.), as long as the cause is identified, the disease is eliminated. For invasive diseases, it is necessary to choose the right pesticides in order to be effective. For example, it is ineffective to control bacterial diseases (such as cucumber downy mildew) or viral diseases (such as tomato mosaic virus disease).
Second, alternate rotation of medication. Proper medication can delay the development of pest resistance. Aphids and cabbage caterpillars are mainly treated with 2000-3000 times of chrysanthemum or 2,500 times for net or net cleaning; cockroaches are mainly treated with 1500 times broom, linalophenone or 1500 times buckling; Lesburn or 1000 times agricultural land control. For viral diseases, in the early stage of the disease, the diseased plants should be removed and destroyed in the field. The control agent can be used with 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times liquid, 1.5% plant disease 800 times liquid, etc., foliar spray 1.8% love The multi-collection agent 6000 times liquid can improve the disease resistance of the plant itself. For the solanaceous bacterial wilt, in the early stage of the disease, the central diseased plant can be removed in time and lime is applied to the hole; 150-200ppm agricultural streptomycin, 12% green milk copper emulsifiable concentrate 500 times liquid, 77% can be killed. Wet granular powder 500 times liquid and other roots control, 0.3 kg per plant, once every 10 days, even 2-3 times. Tomato, pepper blight with 500 times of metalaxyl manganese zinc, or 400 times anti-virus cockroach, or 500 times can be killed, gray mold with 400 times mancozeb or 500 times carbendazim control, bacterial wilt spray 3000 Streptomycin for agricultural use; anthrax is treated with 500 times carbendazim, or 500 times mancozeb, or 500 times with thiophanate; soft rot and black rot are controlled with 3000 times agricultural streptomycin.
Third, strengthen the measurement of pests and diseases, often check the pests and diseases, choose a favorable opportunity for prevention and treatment. The habits and hazards of various pests vary, and the duration of their control is not completely consistent. For example, some lepidopteran larvae should be controlled before the 3rd instar. At this time, the worm body is small, the damage is light, the drug resistance is weak, and the use of less chemicals can exert a higher control effect. When the pests grow up, not only the harm is aggravated, but the drug resistance is enhanced, and the drug will inevitably increase. Therefore, in order to achieve timely drug use, it is necessary to have an accurate report on the situation of the insects, but also to grasp the time and speed, and strive to apply the drug in a suitable time to control its harm.
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