(1) Dust is a solid particle floating in the air. When the diameter is larger than 0.1 μm, it is mostly formed when the solid material is mechanically pulverized and ground. Such as lead dust for the production of lead-dan pigment, calcium carbide dust for the production of calcium cyanamide.
According to the nature of the dust, it can be classified into inorganic dust, organic dust and mixed dust.
(2) Soot, also known as smoke or smoke, is a smoke-like solid particle suspended in the air. The diameter of less than 0.1μm is mostly caused by the oxidative condensation of vapor generated in the melting of certain metals in the air. For example, zinc oxide soot generated by zinc vapor released during melting of copper, and chromium oxide dust generated when molten chromium is formed.
(3) The mist is a tiny droplet suspended in the air. Multi-system vapor condensation or liquid spray. For example, chromic acid mist during chrome plating, benzene-containing paint mist in spray paint, and the like. Soot and fog are collectively referred to as aerosols.
(4) Vapor is formed by liquid evaporation or sublimation of solid materials. The former is benzene vapor, and the latter is, for example, phosphorus vapor when phosphorus is fused.
(5) Gaseous substances emitted in the air under temperature and pressure conditions in the gas production site. Such as chlorine, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc. under normal temperature and pressure.
From the perspective of preventing production poisoning, it is more appropriate to distinguish industrial poisons according to their nature. Generally divided into the following.
(1) The toxic toxic acid vapor, chlorine, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, etc. are all such poisons. Irritant gases and vapours, although physically and chemically different, can cause tissue inflammation when applied directly to tissues.
(2) Asphyxiating toxins Asphyxiating toxins can be classified into asphyxiating and chemical asphyxiating toxins. The former such as nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, etc., the latter such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and the like.
(3) Narcotic poisons Aromatic compounds, alcohols, aliphatic sulfides, aniline, nitrobenzene and other compounds are all such poisons. This type of poison mainly has an anesthetic effect on the nervous system.
(4) Inorganic compounds and organometallic compounds All gases and volatile poisons which are toxic to human body and cannot be attributed to the above three categories belong to this category. Such as metal vapor, organic compounds such as arsenic and antimony.
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