It has high grass yield, good palatability, and the nutritional value ranks first in the pasture, so it is also called the “king of grassâ€. It is not only rich in important nutrients such as protein, minerals and vitamins, but also contains essential amino acids, trace elements and unknown growth factors required by animals. In the same land, alfalfa is about 2.5 times higher than the digestible protein harvested by grasses, about 6 times higher in minerals, about 2 times more digestible nutrients, and contains vitamins and calcium and phosphorus that are lacking in other forages. Etc., is the top grade in the feed. Compared with other food crops, the yield per unit area of ​​nutrients is also high, which is a cheap and efficient feed resource for dairy cow production. If farmers use high-quality alfalfa to raise cows, each ton of oysters can be converted into 1.0-1.5t fresh milk, resulting in a benefit of 1500-2300 yuan, which can add 1,000-1800 yuan. In addition, alfalfa feeding cows can not only increase milk production, but also improve the health of dairy cows, reduce reproductive diseases and digestive diseases, and extend the utilization period of dairy cows.
1 The amount of cows required for alfalfa varies depending on the growth stage.
1.1 2 weeks old - 3 months old
Yak usually consumes a small amount of cockroaches from the age of 2 weeks, and the feed intake of cockroaches will increase significantly after 8 weeks of age. It is recommended that more than 18% crude protein and less than 42% neutral detergent fiber be provided by the diet.
1.2 2 weeks old - 3 months old
Use valerian with a high protein content and low protein content to feed sputum containing 16%-18% and 14%-46% of neutral detergent fiber (33%-38% acid detergent fiber). Grass, adding a small amount of concentrated feed can meet the needs of optimal growth and development.
1.3 12-18 months old bred cattle
Breeding cattle weigh between 227-454kg, can obtain or meet the needs of various nutrients from high-quality sorghum diets containing 14%-16% crude protein and 45%-48% neutral detergent fiber.
1.4 18-24 month old bred cattle
It is possible to use a psyllium diet that is slightly worse than other cattle. Adult cows should be fed some high-quality valerian in the late pregnancy to prevent calving fever during the delivery of the cow.
1.5 lactating early cows
The lactating cows after 100 days postpartum should be fed a psyllium diet containing 19%-24% of the fine protein and 38%-42% of the neutral detergent fiber. If the yarrow is contained with lower crude protein and higher neutral detergent fiber content At the time, a certain amount of concentrated feed is added to the diet.
1.6 lactating cows
In the middle and late stages of lactation (200 days after lactation), the milk yield of dairy cows gradually decreased, and the low-quality mixed alfalfa diet could be used to meet their nutritional needs.
2 cows need to change the amount of milk according to the amount of milk produced
The latest research results in China show that using 9kg of hay and using a reasonable diet formula in high-yield dairy cows (305d milk yield greater than 7000kg) can increase milk production to over 9000kg and achieve the best economic benefits. In this mode, high-yielding cows. The milk yield of 305d can be increased to 9000kg, and the production capital per kilogram of milk will be significantly lower than now. In production, the nutritional needs of high-yielding dairy cows should be considered mainly from the three aspects of dietary crude protein, NDF, and NEL.
2.1 From the aspect of crude protein, the crude protein content in the dry matter of high-yield dairy cows should be about 18% in the early stage of lactation, and then gradually decrease with the delay of lactation. The crude protein content of high-quality alfalfa hay is usually above 18%. The alfalfa hay is used instead of corn silage (the crude protein content in dry matter is 10.4%), the ley grass hay (the crude protein content in dry matter is 6.7%), and the corn stover (dry matter). The crude protein content of 6.4%) and some concentrates (the crude protein content of dry matter is more than 20%) can still meet the requirements of the crude protein content of the high-yield dairy cows in each lactation stage. From the perspective of dietary crude protein, it seems that 100% of alfalfa hay can be used, but in fact, the rumen degradation rate of crude alfalfa crude protein is above 70%, lacking rumen protein, so it needs to have higher rumen protein content. The use of protein feeds in combination with the use of the diet is unlikely to reach 100%.
2.2 From the perspective of NDF, although the NDF content of alfalfa hay is lower than that of corn silage, leymus and corn stover, the NDF content of the first castrated alfalfa hay is also more than 40% (dry matter basis). If 100% of the cows eat hay, the dry matter intake (DMI) does not reach the DMI of the fully mixed diet (TMR), which will inevitably lead to excessive intake of NDF, while insufficient intake of crude protein. The net intake of milk production is not enough to meet the milk production needs, thus seriously reducing the milk production.
2.3 The net milk content of alfalfa hay is generally 5.3MJ/kg dry matter. Although it is higher than corn silage, leymus and corn stover, feeding hay alone can not meet the net energy requirement of dairy cows. It must be matched with a certain amount. The fine material can meet the needs.
In summary, the appropriate amount of alfalfa hay in high-yielding dairy cows must be determined by the nutritional needs of the cows at each stage and by the diet formulation. The crude protein and NDF content of alfalfa hay exceeds the nutritional needs of dairy cows, but the net energy of milk production is lower than the need. Therefore, the problem of suitable amount of alfalfa hay should be considered from the perspective of milk production. According to the formula of concentrate material of a cattle farm, the net energy of the concentrate material is about 8.0MJ/kg dry matter, assuming that the net energy content of the milk of the high-yield cow is 7.0MJ/kg dry matter, not It is difficult to calculate the appropriate addition amount of alfalfa hay in high-yield dairy cow diets is about 40% (dry matter basis). That is, it is more suitable to control the ratio of fine to coarse of the high-yield dairy cow diet to about 60:40, that is, the ratio of dry hay to dry matter of the diet is 40%-50%. herbivore
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