[China Aluminum Industry Network] Aluminum is a light metal, and its compounds are widely dispersed in the natural world. Aluminum is second only to oxygen and silicon in the earth's crust. Among the metal types, aluminum is second only to steel and is the second largest metal. Aluminum has special chemical and physical properties. One of the more commonly used industrial metals today is not only lightweight and strong in texture, but also has excellent ductility, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, heat resistance and nuclear radiation resistance, and the development of the national economy. The important underlying raw materials.
Aluminum density and construction
The density of aluminum is 2.7 which is about 1/3 of that of ordinary metals and the conductivity of aluminum wires commonly used is about 61% of copper, and the thermal conductivity is half that of silver. Although pure aluminum is extremely soft and ductile, it can be hardened by cold working and alloying. Bauxite is an important source of aluminum. The production of one pound of alumina requires about two pounds of bauxite, while the production of one pound of metal aluminum requires two pounds of alumina.
Aluminum has many natural metals found in nature, such as oxides, hydroxides, and oxygen-containing aluminosilicates. There are currently 258 types of aluminum-bearing ore deposits, of which about 43 are rare mineral deposits. In fact, aluminum deposits made of pure ore deposits are usually not symbiotic and mixed with impurities. From the perspective of economics and skills, not all aluminum-bearing mineral deposits can become industrial raw materials. The primary used for refining metallic aluminum is bauxite consisting of diaspore, boehmite or gibbsite.
The dihydrated diaspore, also known as diaspore, structural formula and molecular formula are AlOOH and Al2O3? H2O orthorhombic system, crystallized without a column, plate, scaly, acicular, prismatic and so on. The diaspores in the ore are usually rich in TiO2SiO2Fe2O3Ga2O3Nb2O5Ta2O5P2O3 and other heterogeneous isomorphs. Diorite is soluble in acid and alkali, but it dissolves very weakly under normal temperature and pressure. It needs to be completely differentiated under high temperature, high pressure and strong acid or alkali concentration. The diaspore is composed of acidic media and is symbiotic with boehmite, hematite, goethite, kaolinite, chlorite, and pyrite. Its hydration can become gibbsite, dehydration can become α corundum, can be informed by kaolinite, pyrite, siderite, chlorite, etc.
Boehmite is also known as boehmite and boehmite. Its structural formula is AlOOH. Its molecular formula is Al2O3?H2O orthorhombic. Its crystals are rhombohedral, prismatic, prismatic, acicular, fibrous and hexagonal. Plate shape. The ore boehmite in the ore usually contains isomorphous Fe2O3TiO2Cr2OGa2O3. The boehmite is soluble in acid and alkali. The mineral deposit is formed in an acidic medium and is primarily produced in a heaped bauxite deposit, characterized by its symbiotic association with siderite. It can be informed by diaspore, gibbsite, kaolinite, etc. Dehydration can be converted into diaspore and α corundum, and hydration can become gibbsite.
Also known as gibbsite, hydrated aluminite, borosilicate, structural AlOH molecular formula is Al2O3?3H2O monoclinic, crystallized without hexagonal plate, prismatic, often with fine crystal aggregates or double Crystals, gibbsite in the ore are mostly irregular aggregates, are all rich in different amounts of TiO2SiO2Fe2O3Nb2O5Ta2O5Ga2O3 isokinetic or mechanical incorporation. The gibbsite is soluble in acid and alkali, and the powder is heated to 100°C and completely dissolved in 2 hours. The gibbsite is composed of acidic media. The weathering crust deposit is a primary mineral deposit that is symbiotic with kaolinite, goethite, hematite, and illite. The dewatering of gibbsite can be used as boehmite, diaspore and α-corundum and can be informed by kaolinite, halloysite, etc.
Aluminum chemical composition
The chemical composition of bauxite is mainly composed of more than 95% of the total content of Al2O3SiO2Fe2O3TiO2H2O+. Usually >98% of the primary components are SCaOMgOK2ONa2OCO2MnO2 organic matter, carbonaceous, etc., and the minor components are GaGeNbTaPCoZrVPCrNi. Al2O3 predominantly occurs in aluminum deposits, diaspore, boehmite, and gibbsite, and secondarily in silicon deposits (predominantly kaolinite minerals).
Under endogenous conditions, Al2O3 and SiO2 are often tightly combined into various aluminosilicate deposits due to the extensive presence of silica. These mineral deposits usually have a Al:Si ratio of less than 1 and the industry usually needs Al2O3 ≥ 40% Al/Si for aluminum ore. >1.82.6 It therefore rarely constitutes industrial aluminum deposits under endogenous conditions.
At present, the known industrial bauxite mines at home and abroad are mostly under the supergene conditions formed under the supergene conditions. There are two main ways to generate bauxite: weathering-residual (rest) mineralization (red earth mineralization) and weathering. - Transfer-accumulation ore-forming or weathering-reconstruction-restacking mineralization (accumulation ore-forming) Weathering-residual (remaining) metallogenesis is an aluminum-containing parent rock with excellent favorable terrain (such as residual mounds) under hot and humid climate conditions. Because of the weathering and differentiation effects of water, CO2, and living organisms, KNaCaMg and SiO2, which are easily soluble substances in the parent rock, are lost and lost. AlFeTi residue, which is a small active material, constitutes laterite-type bauxite. Weathering-transfer-piling mineralization is the weathering and denudation of mechanical or chemical weathering under the effects of gravity, water, and natural acids (sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, organic acid) and other effects of aluminum-containing rock, lateritic weathered crust, or formed laterite deposits. The effects of physical and chemical transformation such as transfer, constitute bauxite deposits in hilly depressions, valleys, offshore lake basins, or coastal lakes, and confined basins, and the accumulation of bauxite in water medium environments.
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