Raw water or sputum, organic matter and residual chlorine in the filtered water need to be removed to meet the influent water quality requirements of the ion exchange resin and membrane treatment process. Common methods for removing organic matter include activated carbon adsorption, organic material cleaner, lime treatment, and addition of fungicides.
Activated carbon is a specially treated charcoal, mainly made of substances with high carbon content, such as wood, coal, nutshell, bone, petroleum residue and so on. Coconut shells and walnut shells are the most commonly used raw materials. Under the same conditions, the active quality and other characteristics of coconut shells are the best because they have the largest specific surface.
The appearance of activated carbon is dark black, with good adsorption performance, stable chemical properties, resistance to strong acid and alkali, can withstand water immersion, high temperature, and density is smaller than water. It is a porous hydrophobic adsorbent with numerous fine pores and huge surface area. Generally, the pores in the activated carbon particles account for 70% to 80% of the total volume of the particles. These pores are various in shape and have a wide range of pore sizes. The total surface area of ​​the pore walls, that is, the specific surface area is generally as high as 500-1700 m 2 / g. It has strong physical adsorption and chemical attachment functions, which is the main reason why activated carbon has strong adsorption capacity and large adsorption capacity.
Activated carbon is generally in the form of granules or powder. More than 90% pass through the 80 mesh standard sieve or the particle size is less than. 0.175mm activated carbon is called powdered activated carbon. The powdered activated carbon has strong adsorption capacity, easy preparation and low price, but it is difficult to regenerate.
Activated carbon having a particle size greater than 0. 175 mm is referred to as granular activated carbon. Granular activated carbon has the shape of amorphous granular activated carbon, cylindrical activated carbon, spherical activated carbon and the like. Granular activated carbon is used in industrial water treatment, and can be reused after being recycled. Activated carbon adsorption is accomplished by an activated carbon filter, and the structure of the activated carbon filter is similar to that of a pressure filter.
The adsorption capacity of activated carbon has a certain relationship with the level of water temperature and the quality of water. The higher the water temperature, the stronger the adsorption capacity of activated carbon; if the water temperature is above 30 °C, the adsorption capacity reaches the limit and there is a possibility of gradual decrease. When the water quality is acidic, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for anionic substances is relatively weakened; when the water quality is alkaline, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for cationic substances is weakened. Therefore, the pH value of the water is unstable, which also affects the adsorption capacity of activated carbon.
The removal of free chlorine from activated carbon by activated carbon can be carried out thoroughly. This process is not entirely a physical adsorption of C12, but the surface of the activated carbon acts as a catalyst to accelerate the hydrolysis of free chlorine and the process of producing new ecological oxygen. The reaction is as follows.
C12+H20-HC10.
HCIO→HC1+[O]
The new ecological oxygen produced reacts with carbon or other easily oxidizable components in activated carbon, such as
C+2 [O]→COZ
At the same time, the following reaction can occur
C+2C2→CCl4
The resulting halogenated hydrocarbon compound is a carcinogen, so it is not suitable to treat drinking water with activated carbon for high water content. Activated carbon is a non-polar, weakly polar adsorbent material. Therefore, it has a poor adsorption effect on most polar organic compounds in water, especially halogenated hydrocarbons with greater damage.
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