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Useful tips: common terms in hardware
Source: Bearing network time: 2013-03-14
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Code: σs, unit: MPa (or N/mm2)
Introduction: refers to the metal material is subjected to the tensile effect to a certain extent; its deformation (elongation) suddenly adds a large amount of data to resist the ability of external forces.
b Regular residual elongation stress (compliance strength, conditional yield strength):
Code: σr, unit: MPa (or N/mm2)
Introduction: refers to the stress of metal data after unloading and pulling; some residual elongation of gauge length reaches a certain rule value, when the rule value is 0. 2%; its code is written as σr0. 2
c Rule non-partition elongation stress:
Code: σp, unit: MPa (or N/mm2)
Introduction: refers to the stress of the metal data in the process of tension; when the gauge length is not the share of the elongation, the stress when the rule value is 0. 01%, the code is written as σp0. 01.
Common terms?? Hardness introduction: The data resists the ability of hard objects to be pressed into the appearance of the individual. The hardness is divided into the following according to the different methods of measurement:
Brinell hardness:
Code: HBS (hardened steel ball measurement) or HBW (hard alloy ball measurement); usually also written as HB,
Unit: No introduction: With a certain load; press the hardened steel ball or hard alloy ball of a certain diameter into the data appearance; remove the load after the regular time; measure the indentation of the data appearance; then calculate the hardness according to the formula big and small.
Rockwell hardness:
Code: HR
Unit: No introduction: Press the hardened steel ball or the conical diamond presser with a top angle of 1200 into the data appearance with a certain load; then calculate the hardness size by the depth of the pit on the outer surface of the data.
Rockwell hardness has a variety of scales; common ones are:
a. Ruler C: code HRC; select 1471. 1N (150kgf) total load and hardness obtained by diamond indenter. It is suitable for hardness measurement of hardened materials such as quenched and tempered steel and hardened steel.
b. Ruler A: code HRA; 588. 4N (60 kgf) total load and hardness obtained by diamond indenter. It is suitable for hardness determination of materials such as hardened steel, carburized steel or hard alloy.
c. Ruler B: code HRB; use 980. 7N (100 kgf) total load and diameter of 1.588mm quenched steel ball indenter. It is suitable for hardness of soft materials such as non-ferrous metals, annealed steels and normalized steel. Determination.
Appearance Rockwell hardness:
Code: HR
Unit: No introduction: The experimental principle is the same as Rockwell hardness. It is suitable for the determination of the hardness of exterior and grade steel sheets and non-ferrous metals for the treatment of steel surface carburizing, nitriding, etc. There are also various scales for such hardness:
a. Ruler 15N: code HR15N; use 147.1N (15 kgf) total load and hardness obtained by diamond indenter
b. Ruler 30N: code HR30N; use 294. 2N (30 kgf) total load and hardness obtained by diamond indenter
c. Ruler 45N: code HR45N; select 441.7N (45 kgf) total load and hardness obtained by diamond indenter
d. Ruler 15T: code HR15T; use 147.1N (15 kgf) total load and hardness of 1.588mm hardened steel ball indenter
e. Ruler 30T: code HR30T; select 294. 2N (30 kgf) total load and hardness of 1.588mm hardened steel ball indenter
f. Ruler 45T: code HR45T; select 294. 2N (45 kgf) total load and diameter 1.588mm hardened steel ball indenter to obtain hardness Vickers hardness:
Code: HV
Unit: No introduction: With a load of 49.03~980. 7N, the square tapered diamond presser with a relative angle of 1360 is pressed to the outer surface of the data, and after the regular time; the length of the diagonal of the indentation is measured; Calculate the hardness of the hardness according to the formula. It is suitable for the hardness measurement of larger workpieces and deeper outer layers. Vickers hardness still has a small load Vickers hardness; experimental load 1.961~
Common terminology?? Strength limit (strength)
Code: σ, unit: MPa (or N/mm2)
Introduction: refers to the maximum ability of metal materials to resist external damage effects. The strength is divided according to the different ways of external force effect:
Compressive strength: code σbc; refers to the strength limit bending strength when the external force is pressure: code σbb; refers to the external force and the data axis straight; and after the effect makes the data tortuous strength limit shear strength: code σc; refers to external force Straightness with the data axis; strength limit tensile strength when the data is sheared: code: σb; refers to the common term of the external force is the strength limit of the tensile force?? elastic limit, elongation and section shortening rate
a Elastic limit code: σe, unit: MPa (or N/mm2)
Introduction: refers to the metal material subjected to external force (pull) to a certain limit; if the external force is removed; its deformation (elongation) is disappeared and the original state is restored; the elastic limit refers to the ability of the metal data to resist the external force of this limit.
b elongation (elongation)
Code: δ, unit: %
Introduction: refers to the metal material is cracked by the external force (pull) effect; the length of the test bar elongation and the original length; the elongation is divided according to the length of the test bar: the elongation obtained by the short test bar; Is δ5; the gauge length of the test bar is equal to the elongation obtained by the 5 times diameter long test bar; the code name is δ10; the gauge length of the test bar is equal to 10 times the diameter
c Section shortening rate (shortening rate)
Code: Ψ, unit: %
Introduction: When the metal data is cracked by the tensile effect; the common term for the area of ​​the reduced area and the original broken area?? Impact absorption work and impact toughness impact absorption work (impact work):
Code: Ak
Unit: J
Introduction: The work impact toughness (impact value) absorbed by a data specimen of a certain shape and size when fractured under the impact load effect:
Code: аk
Unit: J/cm2
Introduction: The impact of the impact absorption work divided by the cross-sectional area at the bottom of the sample notch: the impact energy and impact value obtained by using the Charpy U-notch sample; the code is AkU, respectively, using the Charpy V-notch test The impact energy and impact value obtained by the sample; the code numbers are AKV and аkV.
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