During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, it is expected that “new members†will be added to the constraint indicators of pollutants.
The reporter learned from the authoritative sources that in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†environmental protection plan that is being drafted, there are two new indicators for “total quantity controlâ€, namely, ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides. The two substances are water pollution. Substances and air pollutants in the "big".
The specific reduction control targets are formulated as follows: The total ammonia nitrogen emissions control target is reduced by 10% compared with 2010, and the total nitrogen oxide emissions in key industries and key areas are reduced by 10% compared with 2010.
"In terms of pollutant control, we have gradually shifted from single pollutant control to multiple pollutant control. This will greatly increase the environmental protection threshold for energy-intensive companies and improve the quality of the environment to a certain extent." An official from the Ministry of Environmental Protection told reporters .
The reporter learned that compared to ammonia nitrogen, the control of nitrogen oxides will be more complicated and difficult. Because of the air pollution in China's urban agglomerations, it is transforming from coal smoke-type to coal-fired smoke and motor vehicle exhaust pollution.
In order to complete the target of nitrogen oxide emission reduction, multiple air pollution control experts have suggested that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, pilot trials of compulsory denitrification in the power industry should be carried out, and vehicle ownership should be carried out in key cities where motor vehicle air pollution problems are prominent. Total volume control pilots.
Multi-pollutant control was put on the agenda. Zhao Hualin, director general of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, publicly stated that during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, pollutant emission reduction achieved phased results, and the environment in some parts of China has improved, but the overall deterioration of the environment remains. Continue.
“According to the current situation, it should be difficult to complete the emission reduction targets for SO2 and COD during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, but environmental issues remain prominent. Ammonia Nitrogen and When Oxidation The high emissions of materials offset the COD and CO2 emission reductions to some extent.†A local environmental protection system official admitted to reporters.
In fact, it is a series of pollutants that affect "environmental quality." It is difficult to achieve effective results only by constraining carbon dioxide* and chemical oxygen demand.
Taking the treatment of water pollution as an example, COD has been decreasing year by year through the control of the total amount of COD. However, the phenomenon of excess ammonia-nitrogen in water has become increasingly prominent. The environmental quality bulletin in recent years shows that ammonia nitrogen in surface water has gradually become the most important pollution project, and even exceeding chemical oxygen demand has become the primary indicator of surface water quality.
This situation also exists in the treatment of air pollution. Satellite monitoring found that the SO2 over China began to decline sharply after 2006, with a drop of about 20%. However, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the air is increasing. As a result, acid rain and ashes have not been alleviated, and some areas have become more serious. .
Taking Jiangsu as an example, the frequency of acid rain is still high in some areas. Since nitrogen oxides have not been effectively controlled, the type of acid rain has changed from ** to **. In the first half of 2010, the incidence of acid rain reached the highest level in nearly 4 years.
In this case, it is necessary to include ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides in total control. “At the same time, this shows that the country must make efforts to improve the quality of the environment, otherwise it will not be able to achieve the 2020 environmental well-being target.†The aforementioned official from the Ministry of Environmental Protection told reporters.
Ammonia nitrogen will be included in the total volume control and will be used in chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing, petroleum processing coking and nuclear fuel processing, agricultural and non-staple food processing, textiles, leather fur feathers (velvet) and its The products, beverage and food manufacturing industries have a significant impact on these eight industries.
According to the "China's First National Pollution Source Survey Communiqué" (hereinafter referred to as the "Gazette") announced in early 2010, the above-mentioned eight industry ammonia-nitrogen emissions together account for 85.9% of the ammonia-nitrogen emissions from the industrial wastewater plant's discharge ports. This also means that some of the SMEs whose ammonia-nitrogen emissions do not meet or fail to meet the targets will be forced to close down, stop production, or change production.
Different targets for the reduction of the power industry or the reduction of ammonia and nitrogen are mandatory, and the emission reduction targets of nitrogen oxides are limited by the “key industries and key areasâ€.
"In a sense, nitrogen oxide pollution is not a national problem, but it should be targeted at regional issues. After all, the problem of nitrogen oxide pollution in many areas in the central and western regions of China is not outstanding except in the eastern region." Environmental Planning Institute Chief Engineer Wang Jinnan once said publicly.
The reporter learned that the so-called key areas are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and Chengdu-Chongqing, and the so-called key industries, according to the "Gazette" shows that the industries with relatively high nitrogen oxide emissions, mainly concentrated in the thermal power Production and supply industry, non-metallic mineral products industry, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, petroleum processing coking and nuclear fuel processing industries in these five industries. Among them, the main power industry.
"Therefore, the management of nitrogen oxides in the industrial sector is mainly out of stock in the electric power industry." The aforementioned scholars analyzed the reporters. "At present, the standard for limiting the emission of nitrogen oxides from power sources is relatively low and needs to be improved."
The reporter learned that the "Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants" (GB13223-2003) implemented in 2004 stipulates the emission limits of nitrogen oxides for coal-fired and oil-fired boilers according to time periods and fuel characteristics, but this principle is Based on the level of emissions that the low-nitrogen combustion technology can achieve.
"If you follow this standard, the 10% reduction goal will certainly be difficult to achieve." Anonymous electric power industry staff told reporters.
In this regard, Zhu Fahua, deputy director of the Research Institute of the State Power Environmental Protection Agency, once stated in the media that nitrogen oxides can draw lessons from the forced deregulation of the power industry and try to force denitrification.
He suggested that, except in remote areas such as Xinjiang and Tibet, all new coal-fired generating units with a capacity of more than 100 MW (including thermal power units) should have a strict emission standard of 200 mg/m3, which is the basis for low-nitrogen combustion. Simultaneously install flue gas denitrification device.
Compulsory out-of-stock matching policies are also indispensable. "The electricity industry has achieved good results because it has a subsidy policy for electricity price, which means that after the installation of the off-site facilities, the on-grid tariff will be increased by 0.015 yuan per kilowatt-hour on the basis of the current electricity tariff," said an environmental engineering company in Chongqing. A staff member said, "Compulsory denitrification should also have matching subsidies, otherwise the company can not go to denitrification facilities."
At an industrial forum held at the end of last year, Zhao Penggao, deputy inspector of the Department of Central Resources under the National Development and Reform Commission, also revealed that the National Development and Reform Commission is formulating the economic policies and electricity price policies for denitrification.
Increase of motor vehicle emission standards In addition to power plants in industrial emission sources, motor vehicles in living sources are also the key emission sources of nitrogen oxides.
According to the "Gazette," 30% of the nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere come from the emission of motor vehicle exhaust. According to statistics, the number of motor vehicles in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc. is in the top 40 cities. About 50% of nitrogen oxide pollution comes from exhaust emissions of motor vehicles; nitrogen oxide emissions from motor vehicles in Shenzhen account for the city's emissions. 56.4%.
The reporter was informed that the proposed "12th Five-Year Plan" environmental protection plan has also provided solutions to this problem. That is to say, the government will implement the “Controlling Vehicle and Fuel Synergy†control measures during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, that is, by increasing the emission standards and reducing the emission of tail gas; by increasing the quality of fuel, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas will be reduced.
In terms of emission standards, it will increase access to the motor vehicle market. That is to prohibit the production, sale and registration of vehicles that do not meet the national motor vehicle emission standards, and strictly enforce the mandatory phase-out system for old and old vehicles, continue to promote the "renewal of old cars" and speed up the elimination of "yellow vehicles." By 2015, all vehicles in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta will be phased out.
At the same time, a draft control schedule is also shown in the draft plan. That is, since 2011, national Phase IV motor vehicle emission standards have been strictly implemented throughout the country. In 2013, nationwide heavy-duty diesel vehicles strictly implemented the National Phase V motor vehicle emission standards. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, some key regions and cities have implemented the National Phase V emission standards in advance.
In addition to vehicle emission standards, the fuel quality of motor vehicles may also be strictly controlled. The draft plan shows that from 2011 onwards, vehicle fuel used by the supplier country III standard across the country will supply vehicle fuel for the IV standard in the three key regions of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta. Scope of supply country IV standard vehicle fuel, key regional supplier country V standard vehicle fuel. .
Considering that motor vehicles have grown too fast, Wang Jinnan, chief engineer of the National Environmental Planning Institute, once stated that pilot projects for controlling the total amount of motor vehicles are carried out in key cities where motor vehicle air pollution problems are prominent.
Wang Jinnan’s views were recognized by Hao Jiming, an expert in atmospheric pollution control and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. Hao Jiming believes that pilot cities should select cities with a population of over 10 million that have a rapid increase in motor vehicle ownership and a huge pressure on the traffic environment.
The reporter learned from the authoritative sources that in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†environmental protection plan that is being drafted, there are two new indicators for “total quantity controlâ€, namely, ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides. The two substances are water pollution. Substances and air pollutants in the "big".
The specific reduction control targets are formulated as follows: The total ammonia nitrogen emissions control target is reduced by 10% compared with 2010, and the total nitrogen oxide emissions in key industries and key areas are reduced by 10% compared with 2010.
"In terms of pollutant control, we have gradually shifted from single pollutant control to multiple pollutant control. This will greatly increase the environmental protection threshold for energy-intensive companies and improve the quality of the environment to a certain extent." An official from the Ministry of Environmental Protection told reporters .
The reporter learned that compared to ammonia nitrogen, the control of nitrogen oxides will be more complicated and difficult. Because of the air pollution in China's urban agglomerations, it is transforming from coal smoke-type to coal-fired smoke and motor vehicle exhaust pollution.
In order to complete the target of nitrogen oxide emission reduction, multiple air pollution control experts have suggested that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, pilot trials of compulsory denitrification in the power industry should be carried out, and vehicle ownership should be carried out in key cities where motor vehicle air pollution problems are prominent. Total volume control pilots.
Multi-pollutant control was put on the agenda. Zhao Hualin, director general of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, publicly stated that during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, pollutant emission reduction achieved phased results, and the environment in some parts of China has improved, but the overall deterioration of the environment remains. Continue.
“According to the current situation, it should be difficult to complete the emission reduction targets for SO2 and COD during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, but environmental issues remain prominent. Ammonia Nitrogen and When Oxidation The high emissions of materials offset the COD and CO2 emission reductions to some extent.†A local environmental protection system official admitted to reporters.
In fact, it is a series of pollutants that affect "environmental quality." It is difficult to achieve effective results only by constraining carbon dioxide* and chemical oxygen demand.
Taking the treatment of water pollution as an example, COD has been decreasing year by year through the control of the total amount of COD. However, the phenomenon of excess ammonia-nitrogen in water has become increasingly prominent. The environmental quality bulletin in recent years shows that ammonia nitrogen in surface water has gradually become the most important pollution project, and even exceeding chemical oxygen demand has become the primary indicator of surface water quality.
This situation also exists in the treatment of air pollution. Satellite monitoring found that the SO2 over China began to decline sharply after 2006, with a drop of about 20%. However, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the air is increasing. As a result, acid rain and ashes have not been alleviated, and some areas have become more serious. .
Taking Jiangsu as an example, the frequency of acid rain is still high in some areas. Since nitrogen oxides have not been effectively controlled, the type of acid rain has changed from ** to **. In the first half of 2010, the incidence of acid rain reached the highest level in nearly 4 years.
In this case, it is necessary to include ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides in total control. “At the same time, this shows that the country must make efforts to improve the quality of the environment, otherwise it will not be able to achieve the 2020 environmental well-being target.†The aforementioned official from the Ministry of Environmental Protection told reporters.
Ammonia nitrogen will be included in the total volume control and will be used in chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing, petroleum processing coking and nuclear fuel processing, agricultural and non-staple food processing, textiles, leather fur feathers (velvet) and its The products, beverage and food manufacturing industries have a significant impact on these eight industries.
According to the "China's First National Pollution Source Survey Communiqué" (hereinafter referred to as the "Gazette") announced in early 2010, the above-mentioned eight industry ammonia-nitrogen emissions together account for 85.9% of the ammonia-nitrogen emissions from the industrial wastewater plant's discharge ports. This also means that some of the SMEs whose ammonia-nitrogen emissions do not meet or fail to meet the targets will be forced to close down, stop production, or change production.
Different targets for the reduction of the power industry or the reduction of ammonia and nitrogen are mandatory, and the emission reduction targets of nitrogen oxides are limited by the “key industries and key areasâ€.
"In a sense, nitrogen oxide pollution is not a national problem, but it should be targeted at regional issues. After all, the problem of nitrogen oxide pollution in many areas in the central and western regions of China is not outstanding except in the eastern region." Environmental Planning Institute Chief Engineer Wang Jinnan once said publicly.
The reporter learned that the so-called key areas are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and Chengdu-Chongqing, and the so-called key industries, according to the "Gazette" shows that the industries with relatively high nitrogen oxide emissions, mainly concentrated in the thermal power Production and supply industry, non-metallic mineral products industry, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, petroleum processing coking and nuclear fuel processing industries in these five industries. Among them, the main power industry.
"Therefore, the management of nitrogen oxides in the industrial sector is mainly out of stock in the electric power industry." The aforementioned scholars analyzed the reporters. "At present, the standard for limiting the emission of nitrogen oxides from power sources is relatively low and needs to be improved."
The reporter learned that the "Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants" (GB13223-2003) implemented in 2004 stipulates the emission limits of nitrogen oxides for coal-fired and oil-fired boilers according to time periods and fuel characteristics, but this principle is Based on the level of emissions that the low-nitrogen combustion technology can achieve.
"If you follow this standard, the 10% reduction goal will certainly be difficult to achieve." Anonymous electric power industry staff told reporters.
In this regard, Zhu Fahua, deputy director of the Research Institute of the State Power Environmental Protection Agency, once stated in the media that nitrogen oxides can draw lessons from the forced deregulation of the power industry and try to force denitrification.
He suggested that, except in remote areas such as Xinjiang and Tibet, all new coal-fired generating units with a capacity of more than 100 MW (including thermal power units) should have a strict emission standard of 200 mg/m3, which is the basis for low-nitrogen combustion. Simultaneously install flue gas denitrification device.
Compulsory out-of-stock matching policies are also indispensable. "The electricity industry has achieved good results because it has a subsidy policy for electricity price, which means that after the installation of the off-site facilities, the on-grid tariff will be increased by 0.015 yuan per kilowatt-hour on the basis of the current electricity tariff," said an environmental engineering company in Chongqing. A staff member said, "Compulsory denitrification should also have matching subsidies, otherwise the company can not go to denitrification facilities."
At an industrial forum held at the end of last year, Zhao Penggao, deputy inspector of the Department of Central Resources under the National Development and Reform Commission, also revealed that the National Development and Reform Commission is formulating the economic policies and electricity price policies for denitrification.
Increase of motor vehicle emission standards In addition to power plants in industrial emission sources, motor vehicles in living sources are also the key emission sources of nitrogen oxides.
According to the "Gazette," 30% of the nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere come from the emission of motor vehicle exhaust. According to statistics, the number of motor vehicles in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc. is in the top 40 cities. About 50% of nitrogen oxide pollution comes from exhaust emissions of motor vehicles; nitrogen oxide emissions from motor vehicles in Shenzhen account for the city's emissions. 56.4%.
The reporter was informed that the proposed "12th Five-Year Plan" environmental protection plan has also provided solutions to this problem. That is to say, the government will implement the “Controlling Vehicle and Fuel Synergy†control measures during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, that is, by increasing the emission standards and reducing the emission of tail gas; by increasing the quality of fuel, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas will be reduced.
In terms of emission standards, it will increase access to the motor vehicle market. That is to prohibit the production, sale and registration of vehicles that do not meet the national motor vehicle emission standards, and strictly enforce the mandatory phase-out system for old and old vehicles, continue to promote the "renewal of old cars" and speed up the elimination of "yellow vehicles." By 2015, all vehicles in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta will be phased out.
At the same time, a draft control schedule is also shown in the draft plan. That is, since 2011, national Phase IV motor vehicle emission standards have been strictly implemented throughout the country. In 2013, nationwide heavy-duty diesel vehicles strictly implemented the National Phase V motor vehicle emission standards. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, some key regions and cities have implemented the National Phase V emission standards in advance.
In addition to vehicle emission standards, the fuel quality of motor vehicles may also be strictly controlled. The draft plan shows that from 2011 onwards, vehicle fuel used by the supplier country III standard across the country will supply vehicle fuel for the IV standard in the three key regions of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta. Scope of supply country IV standard vehicle fuel, key regional supplier country V standard vehicle fuel. .
Considering that motor vehicles have grown too fast, Wang Jinnan, chief engineer of the National Environmental Planning Institute, once stated that pilot projects for controlling the total amount of motor vehicles are carried out in key cities where motor vehicle air pollution problems are prominent.
Wang Jinnan’s views were recognized by Hao Jiming, an expert in atmospheric pollution control and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. Hao Jiming believes that pilot cities should select cities with a population of over 10 million that have a rapid increase in motor vehicle ownership and a huge pressure on the traffic environment.