Gibberellin (GAs) is a class of tetracyclic diterpenoid phytohormone whose basic structure is 20 carbon gibberellin. They are named GA1, GA2, GA3, ... GA136 according to their biological sources. As a common high-efficiency broad-spectrum plant growth regulating hormone, gibberellin plays an important role in regulating the growth of buds, leaves, flowers and fruits of plants.
Application of gibberellin
• Break the seed dormancy. Seeds of some plant crops, such as potatoes, strawberries, lettuce, etc., are still in dormancy when they are purchased. Treatment with gibberellin solution can break its dormancy and improve seed germination rate and germination momentum. At the same time, GAs can induce the synthesis of other hydrolases such as α-amylase and protease, catalyze the degradation of the storage materials in the seeds, and complete the supply of nutrients required for the germ. Thereby stimulating crop seed germination instead of environmental factors such as light and temperature.
• Regulate plant growth (Floral regulatory). GAs significantly promoted the growth of plant stems, especially for dwarf varieties. According to the physiological mechanism of plants, GAs can reduce the light compensation point, increase the light saturation point, and improve the adaptation range of plants to light intensity. It also promotes leaf growth and enhances the utilization of light energy by plants, thereby improving the chlorophyll synthesis of plants.
• Control of flowering time. Flower bud differentiation of plants is genetically determined, and gibberellin can replace flowering factors at a certain concentration to control flowering formation. On the other hand, gibberellin can regulate the growth of foliar growth, for example, by spraying 10 to 100 ppm of GAs solution on violet and geranium, instead of long daylight, the long-day plant can be flowered under short-day conditions.
• Promote GA on sex expression. Gibberellin can induce male organogenesis. For example, spraying 500-1500 ppm of GAs solution on female cucumber plants can induce floral changes.
? Fruit preservation. Spraying 20 ppm during the yellowing of the fruit color can delay the ripening time. During the fruit ripening period, gibberellin can regulate the swell pressure produced by the peel, stimulate the cell division of the peel to balance the pressure between the peel and the flesh, and prevent cracking.
Reason for fruit cracking
Fruit cracking is a phenomenon of plant physiological imbalance, and the root cause is that the growth of the skin cannot adapt to the growth of the flesh. After scholars' research, the factors influencing fruit cracking are: the turgor pressure of the peel, the inconsistent growth rate of pulp and peel, the elasticity of fruit skin, and the peel of the peel. Fruit skin). Among them, the swell pressure of the peel is affected by water and gibberellin and abscisic acid content; the mechanical strength of the peel is affected by the content of calcium and cell wall components; the elongation of the peel is affected by the cell wall relaxation gene. When the swell, mechanical strength and extensibility of the peel are unbalanced, cracking occurs.
In the rainy season, too much water will increase the swell of the peel, leading to cracking. In the dry and rainy months, the fruit grows faster than the peel. When the rainy season comes, the plants quickly ingest water and nutrients. The growth rate between the fruit and the peel is imbalanced, and the swell of the peel is increased, resulting in cracked fruit. Spraying the fruit of the plant by GAs to balance the pressure system of the peel and pulp can prevent the occurrence of cracked fruit.
Application of film forming aid in fruit cracking
The surface of the plant is naturally covered with a layer of keratin membrane, which prevents water from dispersing, maintains water balance in the plant, and also affects the penetration and absorption of substances in vitro. To improve the efficacy of growth regulators on plants, surfactants are needed to improve the keratin membrane. PINEYE® emulsifiable concentrate is a surface-active additive with excellent wetting properties and ductility. Compared with similar overseas products, PINEYE® emulsifiable concentrate has a smaller shear angle and a higher extension area.
At present, some literatures and experimental records have shown that such surface-active additives have limited synergistic effect on gibberellin growth regulators, and the emphasis on the synergistic effect of auxiliaries will increase the cost of the growers. Therefore, we suggest that the reasonable combination of growth regulators and auxiliaries should be scientifically combined according to the characteristics and needs of the fruit and vegetable planting at different growth stages.
PINEYE® Emulsion is a non-ionic, adhesive plant protection additive. The emulsion is applied to the surface of the leaves and fruits to extend a layer of viscous natural film. Unlike the plant physiological mechanism of action of growth regulators, the coating acts as a sealant to assist in balancing the swell system between the peel and pulp tissue.
Especially in the application of fruit ripening. Spraying PINEYE® emulsifiable oil during the rainy season prevents rainwater from scouring the plant protection fungicide or growth regulator, reducing the loss of active ingredients and effectively reducing the pressure on the skin by rain. After the rain, the viscous residue of the emulsion can bond the cracked peel to a certain extent to prevent the crack from further worsening. After the cracking condition is alleviated, a growth regulator such as gibberellin is sprayed to adjust the growth rate of the peel to balance the swell system of the fruit. The combination of the two can also significantly reduce the economic losses caused by the rainy season on the fruit harvesting period.
benefit
♦ Film formation on leaves or fruits can reduce the flushing of active ingredients such as growth regulators and fungicides by rainwater, avoid repeated application and reduce costs.
♦ Form a sun protection layer on the surface of the leaves and fruits to effectively reduce the damage caused by ultraviolet rays and sunlight under the scorching sun, and to lock in water and transpiration.
♦ Balance the swell system between fruit and peel to prevent cracking
♦ Spraying to increase the fruit supply period after spraying the quantitative growth regulator to improve the coloration of the fruit
♦ Combined with growth regulators to provide comprehensive protection for fruits and vegetables at different stages of growth
(Source: World Agrochemical Network)
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