At present, there are many researches on modern enterprise equipment management at home and abroad, and there are many mature theories and rich experience. However, the actual situation of equipment management in China's feed enterprises is very different from other industries such as electronics and machinery. The advanced equipment management model is not necessarily suitable for the actual situation of feed enterprises. Based on the analysis of the current situation and problems of equipment management in feed enterprises in China, this paper discusses the problems existing in equipment management of feed enterprises and the corresponding countermeasures.
1 Current status and problems of equipment management in feed enterprises in China
1.1 Status of equipment management
Since the reform and opening up, China's feed industry has developed rapidly, and there are more than 10,000 feed enterprises in China. However, due to various reasons, most feed enterprises only pay attention to the production and sales of enterprises, neglecting the management of equipment, let alone establishing a perfect equipment management system suitable for the enterprise itself. In particular, some small and medium-sized enterprises basically have no equipment management. Even if they have management, they only stay in the passive state where the equipment is broken. They do not pay attention to the normal maintenance of the equipment, causing some equipment to be used frequently after one or two years of use. This has led to a series of problems such as inefficient use of equipment, short service life, high production cost and unstable product quality. In the long run, this state will directly affect the economic efficiency of enterprises and weaken the market competitiveness of enterprises.
1.2 Problems with device management
1.2.1 Leaders do not know enough about the status of equipment management in the enterprise
At present, in order to pursue the short-term economic benefits of the enterprise, the leaders of some feed enterprises blindly pursue the output value, focus only on the production and marketing links, neglect the equipment management, and will not consider the equipment management problems until the equipment has serious problems that affect the production and development of the enterprise. . Therefore, as the leader and decision maker of the company, it is necessary to recognize the importance of equipment management in the early stage of construction. Because enterprises must develop in order to develop, good equipment operation status is the basis and premise for producing high quality products. Without equipment management, the company will eventually fail to produce properly, let alone develop.
1.2.2 Simplified equipment management
At present, some feed enterprises do not start from the actual production situation, and the equipment management work is simplified. It only stays in the state of cleaning the equipment. The equipment is repaired and repaired badly. It only fires and does not prevent fire, making the equipment unstable or even The disease runs, which not only affects the production efficiency of the enterprise, increases the operating cost of the enterprise, but also easily breeds safety hazards.
1.2.3 The equipment operation and management personnel are relatively low in quality, and the follow-up education and training is insufficient.
Different from feed enterprises and other enterprises such as electronics and machinery industries, the quality of equipment management and operators is generally low. The equipment maintenance foundation is weak, the basic cultural quality is not high, and the professional and technical quality is low. Some employees are unclear about the structure, principle, and performance of some advanced equipment, let alone correct use and maintenance, resulting in human error. Although some employees can properly use and maintain the equipment, they cannot eradicate the deterioration of the equipment components in a timely manner, and cannot perform routine maintenance and emergency failures on the equipment. In order to reduce the management cost, some feed enterprises are not willing to invest in equipment management and operators. The quality of their employees is not improved, and the operation of good equipment is seriously hindered. Equipment management is often in a passive state.
1.2.4 The equipment management system is not perfect and the implementation is not in place.
At present, the equipment management system of some feed enterprises is not perfect and imperfect; while some equipment management systems of feed enterprises are hung on the wall, but the implementation is not in place, so that the equipment management is ineffective, and the stability of equipment operation cannot be guaranteed.
2 Strengthen the significance of equipment management
2.1 Equipment management is a prerequisite for safe production and environmental protection [1]
Equipment in feed enterprises tends to operate at high speeds, high loads, high temperatures, and high pressures. In the event of an accident, it is extremely likely to cause equipment damage and casualties. Unexpected equipment and personal accidents in production not only disrupt the production order of the enterprise, but also cause the company to suffer significant economic losses. Therefore, it is very important to effectively prevent equipment accidents and ensure safe production in actual production.
In addition, if the production equipment is backward and the equipment management is not good, it is easy to cause environmental pollution. Such as fan noise, pulverizer noise, dust and other harmful substances emissions.
2.2 Equipment management is the guarantee of enterprise product quality
Equipment is one of the main factors affecting product quality. The accuracy, performance, reliability and durability of the equipment directly affect the quality of the product. Therefore, we must do a good job in equipment management to ensure that the equipment is in a good state of technology in order to produce high quality products.
2.3 Equipment management is an important condition for an enterprise to deliver on time.
In modern feed production, due to the complicated structure of the equipment and the high degree of automation, the connection between various parts and systems is very close. If the equipment is poorly managed, once an important equipment fails, the entire production line may be discontinued, thus destroying the production. The continuity of the company has prevented the company from producing as planned. Therefore, good equipment management is an important condition for feed enterprises to deliver on time.
2.4 Equipment management is an important way to reduce product costs and improve the economic benefits of enterprises [2]
Today, one of the important means of competition for feed enterprises is the control of costs. The lower the cost, the stronger the competitiveness of enterprises. However, with the modernization of production, the cost of equipment spent on enterprises such as maintenance fees, fixed assets occupation fees, energy costs, etc. is increasing. Strengthening equipment management, correct and rational use of equipment, can reduce equipment maintenance costs, reduce equipment use life cycle, reduce downtime losses, improve work efficiency, thereby reducing the company's fixed asset investment, reducing costs and improving the economic efficiency of enterprises.
3 Effective measures to strengthen equipment management
3.1 Change the concept and implement comprehensive management of all employees
On the one hand, feed enterprises should change the concept of heavy production marketing and light equipment management, and truly realize that equipment management is as important as production management and marketing management. Otherwise, the implementation of equipment management can only be left in the form, go through the field, cope with the decision-making level of the enterprise, make the use of equipment worse, and ultimately affect the development of the enterprise. On the other hand, it is only the management personnel to change the equipment management, and the traditional concept that the equipment is broken, so that it can fully meet the whole process from the top manager to the field worker, from the engineering department to the maintenance department. Integrated management.
3.2 Strengthen continuing education and training to improve the quality of equipment use, management and maintenance personnel
In view of the fact that the quality of equipment management, use and maintenance personnel in feed enterprises is relatively low, it is necessary to strengthen their continuing education and training. Therefore, enterprises should be willing to invest in intelligence and attach importance to the development of their potential. They should regularly hold technical training and post training at different levels and different contents, and create conditions for equipment management personnel, technicians and maintenance personnel to learn at home and abroad. Advanced equipment management concept, modern management knowledge and advanced maintenance technology will gradually improve the cultural quality and technical level of equipment management, use and maintenance personnel, master the specifications of equipment use and maintenance, and clearly understand the structure and function of equipment. Inspect, measure, and repair equipment degradation skills to better serve the company and improve the competitiveness of the company.
3.3 Strengthen the management of key equipment
There are dozens of production equipment in feed enterprises, and the number of equipment in large feed factories can be as many as 100. However, there are only 3 to 5 mechanical maintenance workers and electricians in the feed factory. How to ensure the normal operation of the production equipment in the workshop in the case of a small number of people and equipment is a matter of constant concern to the production supervisors of various feed factories. After practice research, it is a practical equipment management method to implement key equipment management system in feed enterprises. The main idea is to classify the equipment of the feed mill according to its importance and formulate corresponding equipment maintenance management methods.
From the aspects of production, quality, cost, safety and maintainability, the production equipment of feed enterprises can be divided into three categories: key equipment, important equipment and general equipment. The key equipment is often an irreplaceable equipment in the whole process. The normal operation will directly determine whether the production can be carried out, and its performance directly determines the product quality. Such as pulverizers, mixers, mixed conveying equipment, granulators, boilers, etc. are all key equipment in the feed workshop.
Key equipment needs to be managed in a critical manner, and daily maintenance and repair specifications are strictly enforced. Taking the pulverizer (including the vacuum suction system) as an example, first of all, whether the pulverizer or the maintenance worker must clarify the standard of its intact state, at the same time, it is necessary to formulate inspection specifications to determine its key components such as bearings, rotors, and negative pressure. The daily check and periodic inspection cycle and the responsible person of the solenoid valve and bag of the suction dust collector and the vibration and noise during operation, so as to find the hidden trouble of the equipment in time. The daily inspection of the pulverizer is carried out in each shift, and the regular inspection is usually carried out once a quarter by the maintenance worker. 1 For such important equipment as the pulverizer, specific maintenance procedures and standards must be established, including safety operation procedures, maintenance procedures, replacement parts for consumable parts, common faults and troubleshooting methods, etc., and require operators and maintenance workers. In strict accordance with these procedures and standards, the crusher is operated and routinely maintained, weekend maintenance, regular maintenance and normal lubrication work. 2 Analytical work of strict faults. Once the equipment fails, in the process of troubleshooting, it is necessary to analyze the cause of the fault in time, summarize the experience, develop preventive measures, and reduce the failure rate of the key equipment as much as possible. At the same time, we must adhere to the record of equipment accident cases. 3 Strengthen the management of wearing parts and common spare parts of key equipment. The hammer, sieve and bearing of the pulverizer should have sufficient reserves. At the same time, the purchase channel should be strictly controlled to ensure the quality. 4 The maintenance and repair of key equipment should be prioritized and implemented. 5 The technical information of the key equipment including the instruction manual, spare parts catalogue and specification list, lubrication specification, electrical diagram, maintenance procedure, maintenance record file, spare parts file, etc. must be complete. 6 Operators must be specially trained to pass the exam before they can be employed.
In actual production, different processes and equipment configurations make the focus of each device different. At the same time, the scope of key equipment in each workshop should be adjusted and revised once a year. The purpose is to highlight key equipment and improve equipment management efficiency.
3.4 Establish maintenance and repair plan and maintenance plan [3]
Good equipment management, in addition to the correct and reasonable use of equipment, it is important to maintain and repair in a timely manner. Maintenance of the equipment must be carried out simultaneously with daily maintenance, primary maintenance and secondary maintenance. Daily maintenance is generally completed by the operator, mainly to clean, lubricate, tighten, and adjust the equipment every day, observe and check the equipment, and remove some minor faults. The first-level maintenance is generally carried out once after the equipment is used for 500-700 hours. It is usually carried out regularly by the operator under the guidance of the maintenance worker. The main purpose is to disassemble, clean the parts, adjust the gap and remove the surface oil according to the use of the equipment. Record after the first level of maintenance is completed. The secondary maintenance is generally carried out after the cumulative operation of the equipment is 2 500 to 3 000 h. It is usually completed regularly by professional maintenance personnel in cooperation with the operator. It mainly performs partial disassembly inspection, cleaning and oil change, repair or replacement of consumable parts. Wait.
Equipment maintenance must be planned. According to the use of different equipment, equipment maintenance should be planned from long-term maintenance, annual maintenance, quarterly maintenance, monthly maintenance and weekly maintenance to ensure that the equipment is in good condition and the production is normal.
references
[1] Li Yuwen. Modern equipment asset management [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2006.
[2] Lin Yunming. Equipment Management [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 1996.
[3] Wang Yujie, Shi Boqiang. Modern Equipment Management [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007.
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