On June 7, the 15th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 10th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering were grandly opened in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission Hu Jintao attended the meeting and delivered an important speech. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xueren photo
Xinhuanet Beijing June 7th
Speech at the 15th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 10th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
(June 7, 2010)
Hu Jintao
Academicians, comrades:
The 15th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 10th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering were grandly opened today. This is a grand meeting of the national science and technology community. First of all, on behalf of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, I would like to extend my warm congratulations to the convening of the conference! Sincere greetings to the academicians of the two academies and the vast number of scientific and technological workers across the country!
The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that the key to realizing the future economic development goals is to make significant progress in accelerating the transformation of the economic development mode and improving the socialist market economic system, adhere to the new industrialization road with Chinese characteristics, and promote economic growth by relying mainly on increasing material resources. Consumption is mainly dependent on scientific and technological progress, the quality of laborers, and management innovation. In the process of accelerating the transformation of the economic development mode, China's scientific and technological community shoulders a major mission. This conference is of great significance to mobilizing the academicians of the two academies and the vast number of scientific and technological workers across the country to accelerate the transformation of the economic development mode and to make contributions.
Below, I would like to make a few comments on this issue and discuss it with everyone.
I. Deeply understand the importance and urgency of accelerating the transformation of economic development mode
Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, the external environment and internal conditions of China's development have undergone great changes, and the urgency of accelerating the transformation of the economic development mode has become more prominent. From an international perspective, the world economy has emerged from the most difficult period of the international financial crisis and has recovered. At the same time, the impact of the international financial crisis still exists. Various global issues are intertwined, and there are still many uncertain factors affecting the overall recovery of the world economy. In this context, countries, especially major powers, are strategically planning their own economic development, and have taken new developments in new energy, new materials, information networks, biomedicine, energy conservation and environmental protection, low-carbon technologies, and green economy. The focus of industrial development, increase investment, and strive to promote. The pattern of productivity, production methods, lifestyles, and economic and social development around the world is undergoing profound changes. Cultivating new economic growth points and occupying the commanding heights of the international economy and technology have become the world's development trend, and the status of science and technology competition in the comprehensive national strength competition is more prominent.
From the domestic perspective, the founding of New China for more than 60 years, especially the reform and opening up over the past 30 years, China's socialist economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction have achieved great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. In the face of the impact of the international financial crisis, we have strengthened our confidence, faced difficulties, and strived to turn challenges into opportunities. We quickly adopted a series of major response measures to coordinate the work of ensuring growth, ensuring people's livelihood and ensuring stability, and achieving an overall economic recovery. Well, it is an important contribution to promoting the recovery of the world economy. At the same time, we must be soberly aware that although China's total economic output is among the best in the world, the overall level of productivity is still not high, the industrial structure is irrational, urban and rural areas and regions are not balanced, and long-term structural contradictions and extensive types are formed. The mode of growth has not been fundamentally changed. The contradiction between rapid development of industrialization and urbanization and energy resources and ecological environment has become increasingly prominent, and institutional and institutional barriers affecting scientific development still exist. After long-term efforts, China's scientific and technological undertakings have made great progress, but the ability of independent innovation is still not strong. In general, the technological content of economic development is not high. Many key technologies and core technologies are subject to people. The leading-edge strategic high-tech fields are weak in science and technology, and important industries are external. Technology dependence is still high. In order to enhance China's economic development stamina and international competitiveness, and promote sound and rapid economic and social development, we must improve our ability to innovate independently, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, and work hard to resolve deep-seated contradictions and problems that constrain China's economic development.
We must understand the importance and urgency of accelerating the transformation of economic development mode from the perspective of international and domestic economic and technological development. In the next few decades, 2 billion to 3 billion people in the world, including China's 1.3 billion people, will gradually enter the modern ranks. The demand for energy resources and the pressure on the ecological environment will rise sharply. The contradiction between rapid economic and social development and the limited carrying capacity of the Earth will be Increasingly sharp. As a populous country with rapid industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction between energy resources and ecological environment facing China is particularly prominent, and the task of promoting sustainable development is particularly arduous. The severe challenges facing global development urgently require innovative economic development. From the perspective of technological development and knowledge innovation, the world's economic development mode is showing the following important features.
First, the rapid development of science and technology has profoundly changed the way of economic development. Innovation has become an important way to solve global problems such as energy resources, ecological environment, natural disasters and population health, and has become the main driving force for economic and social development. The mode of economic development has shifted from resource-dependent, investment-driven to innovation-driven, and knowledge-based industries have developed rapidly. The economic development mode will accelerate the transformation towards resource conservation, environmental friendliness, and harmony between man and nature, and promoting sustainable development has become a common task and challenge for all countries.
Second, knowledge is an important resource for the development of eternal resources. Knowledge innovation has become the core element of national competitiveness. Knowledge production and consumption have become an important way for economic development, social progress and even human development. The faster the knowledge grows, the wider the popularity, and the wider the application, the more it can provide intellectual security for human development.
Third, the rapid development of science and technology is triggering profound changes in the way of production in society. The wide application of information network technology continues to promote changes in production methods. Flexible manufacturing, network manufacturing, green manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing, and global manufacturing are increasingly becoming the direction of change in production methods. Internet, cloud computing, Internet of Things, knowledge services, and intelligent services are fast. The development provides a powerful tool and environment for individualized manufacturing and service innovation. It is possible for people to rely on machines to produce products and become machines to produce products around people. The combination of individualized manufacturing and large-scale collaborative innovation will become an important production method.
Fourth, stimulating people's creativity and promoting people's all-round development are important prerequisites for society to be full of developmental vitality. Scientific and technological innovation will continue to create new knowledge resources and knowledge needs, create new knowledge-based processes, new services, new industries, new markets, promote the creation of more social wealth, and enrich the material foundation for social harmony. Scientific and technological innovation will continue to deepen people's systematic cognition of the laws governing the development of nature and human society. It will continue to enrich the cultural foundation for promoting social harmony, guide people to establish a scientific world outlook and values, establish scientific development concepts, and effectively stimulate the sense of innovation in the whole society. And the innovative interest of the whole people, promote the formation of scientific and rational production methods and lifestyles.
Practice has fully proved that science and technology are the most active and revolutionary factors in economic and social development. Every major advancement in human civilization is closely related to the revolutionary breakthrough in science and technology. As a great crystallization of human wisdom, science and technology have promoted the creation of enormous material wealth and spiritual wealth. In today's world, the role of science and technology as the primary productive force has become increasingly prominent. The role of science and technology as the cornerstone and motive force for the progress of human civilization has become increasingly prominent. Science and technology have more profoundly determined economic development, social progress, and people's happiness than any period in history. . Human society is constantly developing and advancing in the process of recognizing, utilizing and adapting to nature. The never-ending scientific and technological progress and innovation have continuously improved the level and ability of human beings to understand, utilize and adapt to nature. At present, the relationship between man and nature is increasingly close and complex. Seeking scientific development concepts and sustainable development methods has become a major issue of common concern in all countries of the world. We must seize the opportunity, judge the situation, scientific planning, take advantage of the trend, accelerate the transformation of the economic development mode, make China's development quality higher and higher, the development space is growing, the development path is getting wider and wider, winning in the fierce international competition. initiative.
Second, give full play to the important role of science and technology in accelerating the transformation of economic development mode and promoting sound and rapid economic and social development.
Building an innovative country, accelerating the transformation of economic development mode, and winning development opportunities and initiative, the most fundamental thing is to rely on the power of science and technology, the most important thing is to greatly enhance the ability of independent innovation. At present, the urgent requirements of economic and social development, the increasingly prominent global issues, and the inherent evolution of the science and technology system are gestating major technological breakthroughs. The scale and speed of scientific and technological knowledge innovation, dissemination and application are constantly improving. The development trend of scientific research, technological innovation, industrial development, social progress and integration is more obvious. A series of major scientific and technological achievements have been transformed into actual productivity at an unprecedented rate. Deeply change the world's science and technology and economic and social development.
In today's world, countries are actively pursuing green, intelligent and sustainable development. Green development is to develop environmentally friendly industries, reduce energy consumption and material consumption, protect and repair the ecological environment, develop circular economy and low-carbon technologies, and coordinate economic and social development with nature. Intelligent development means promoting the integration of informationization and industrialization, constantly creating new economic growth points, new markets, new employment patterns, improving social operational efficiency, and achieving interconnection, information sharing, intelligent processing, and collaborative work. Sustainable development means solving the energy and resource constraints of economic and social development and effectively ensuring the development of energy resources. It is not only for the benefit of the present, but also for the sustainable development of future generations. The purpose of development is to continuously reduce the cost of products and services, continuously create more and better employment and entrepreneurial opportunities, continuously improve the quality of life and health of the people, and achieve the happiness and happiness of the masses.
A country's technological competitiveness determines its position and future in international competition. With regard to the new situation and new trends in world economic and technological development, we must accurately judge and firmly grasp, closely integrate China's national conditions, and effectively promote people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable scientific development, and unswervingly follow the development of production, affluence and good ecology. The path of civilization development. We must firmly grasp the strategic task of accelerating the transformation of the economic development mode. On the basis of organizing and implementing the national medium and long-term scientific and technological development planning, key industrial adjustment and revitalization plans, and major scientific and technological projects, we will deploy forward-looking, continue to tackle the problem, and fully build Innovative countries provide strong scientific and technological support for accelerating the transformation of economic development.
We must unswervingly follow the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, profoundly understand the historical stage of China's economic and social development, and the complexity and arduousness of the problems it faces, profoundly understand and correctly apply the objective laws of economic and social development, and effectively put science and technology into practice. In the strategic position of priority development, adhere to the principle of independent innovation, key leapfrogging, supporting development, and leading the future, taking the enhancement of independent innovation capability as the strategic basis, focusing on enhancing the original innovation capability, and vigorously enhancing the integration innovation and the ability to introduce, absorb, re-innovate and enhance Knowledge, technology transfer and scale industrialization capabilities, form more innovative technologies with independent intellectual property rights, build a complete innovation system, and firmly grasp the initiative of development.
We must closely integrate scientific and technological progress with the national development strategy, the economic and social development goals, and the people's growing material and cultural needs, and stand at the forefront of science and technology and industrial development, and choose to play a leading role in the long-term development of the country. Deploying, promoting the effective combination of scientific research, technological innovation and industrial development, promoting the effective combination of basic research and applied research, promoting the integration of high-tech innovation in science and technology, promoting industrial technology innovation, and working hard to solve major scientific and key technologies affecting China's future development. The problem is to break through the bottlenecks that constrain China's economic and social development, and focus on breaking through the core technologies, key technologies, and common technologies that restrict China's industrial upgrading, and promote the transformation of industries from scale advantages to technological advantages, and seize the opportunities for future development.
We must adhere to the people-oriented principle, vigorously develop science and technology related to people's livelihood, strengthen the requirements of social construction with the focus on improving people's livelihood, and combine scientific and technological progress and innovation with improving people's living standards and quality, and improving people's scientific and cultural quality and health quality. We will focus on solving major scientific and technological problems related to people's livelihood, continuously strengthen public services, improve the people's livelihood environment, and ensure the safety of people's livelihood.
At present, we must focus on promoting the following technological developments and strive to achieve breakthrough progress as soon as possible.
First, vigorously develop energy resources to develop and utilize science and technology. We must adhere to system planning, energy conservation priorities, innovative substitution, recycling, green and low carbon, and safety and sustainability, strengthen research on China's energy resources, and formulate a sustainable development roadmap for China. It is necessary to develop resources exploration and development and efficient use of technology, actively develop the exploration and development of energy resources on the continental shelf and the earth, actively develop renewable energy and new, safe and clean alternative energy sources, form a sustainable energy resource system, and effectively guarantee China's energy resources effectively. Supply and efficient use make China's energy resources industry internationally competitive. It is necessary to develop energy-efficient buildings, rail transit, and electric vehicle technologies, strengthen the clean and efficient comprehensive utilization of coal, coal to natural gas, and coal-based important chemical technology research and development, and build an intelligent, efficient, and reliable power grid system covering urban and rural areas.
Second, vigorously develop new materials and advanced manufacturing science and technology. It is necessary to pay attention to the environmental friendliness of materials, renewable recycling, preparation of energy-saving and emission-reducing characteristics of the entire process, accelerate the structural adjustment of the material industry, actively develop advanced structural materials, composite materials, functional materials, etc., and actively develop electronic information materials and devices. And system technology. It is necessary to promote the upgrading of China's manufacturing structure and strategic adjustment, develop advanced equipment manufacturing, promote green and intelligent manufacturing, realize intelligent operation of manufacturing systems, form advanced materials and green, intelligent, network manufacturing and service systems to ensure advanced materials and The effective supply of advanced equipment and efficient cleaning and recycling provide strong support for accelerating the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.
Third, vigorously develop information network science and technology. It is necessary to seize the opportunity of the development of the next generation of information network technology, innovate the information industry technology, promote industrialization with informationization, develop and popularize Internet technologies, accelerate the development of Internet of Things technologies, attach importance to the development of network computing and information storage technologies, and accelerate the construction of related infrastructure. Actively research and develop and build a new generation of Internet, change the separation of China's information resources industry, the core technology is subject to people's situation, promote information sharing, and ensure information security. It is necessary to actively develop intelligent broadband wireless networks, advanced sensing and display, advanced and reliable software technologies, and build intelligent infrastructures consisting of sensor networks, communication facilities, network supercomputers, and intelligent software. According to the requirements of reliable and low-cost informationization, The construction of a ubiquitous information network system will make the industry based on data and knowledge an important emerging pillar industry and promote the national economy and social information.
Fourth, vigorously develop modern agricultural science and technology. It is necessary to develop high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, ecological and safe agriculture and related biological industries, ensure the safety of food and major agricultural products, realize the high-quality, nutrient and functionalization of agricultural products, promote agricultural informationization, digitization and precision, and build China's ecological high value. The agricultural and bio-industry system has established an industrial system of high-value agricultural transformation, forming a new type of agriculture with a continuous virtuous cycle of ecological systems, beautiful landscapes, diverse functions, and urban-rural integration. It is necessary to develop advanced breeding technologies, improve the quality, yield and resistance of agricultural products, develop and promote technologies such as resource conservation, reduction of non-point source pollution, and utilization of agricultural waste resources, and improve China's agricultural sustainable development capacity and international competitiveness.
Fifth, vigorously develop health science and technology. It is necessary to build a world-class scientific and technological support system for bio-safety, food safety, healthy and nutritious lifestyles, build public health emergencies and bio-prevention networks and systems, and build large-scale medicines with innovative drug research and development and advanced medical equipment manufacturing. R & D the industrial chain, improve the level of the bio-pharmaceutical industry, provide advanced and reliable and shareable technical support for the basic public health care inclusive and personalized development, improve disease prevention, early diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, improve health science and health services Level. It is necessary to fully implement food safety projects, national health projects, etc., and continuously improve the scientific and technological content and quality of consumer goods and public products, so that the masses can eat more assuredly, live more comfortably, travel more conveniently, be healthier and healthier, and have a better life.
Sixth, vigorously strengthen the science and technology of ecological environmental protection. It is necessary to systematically recognize the law of environmental evolution, improve the ability of ecological environment monitoring, protection, restoration and response to climate change, improve the prediction and prediction of natural disasters, and develop related technologies, methods and means to provide system solutions and build human and The ecological environment conservation and development system in harmony with nature achieves the restoration of typical degraded ecosystems and the restoration of polluted environment, effectively curbing the degradation trend of China's ecological environment, and achieving a beautiful environment and good ecology. It is necessary to pay attention to source management, develop key technologies for energy conservation, emission reduction and recycling, and establish a resource-saving and environment-friendly technical system and production system.
Seventh, vigorously develop space and marine science and technology. It is necessary to improve space exploration capability, Earth observation capability, and information application capability, and make original breakthroughs in space science and technology research and application to ensure effective and peaceful use of space in China. It is necessary to improve the capability of marine exploration and applied research and the development and utilization of marine resources, so that China's marine science and technology level will enter the forefront of the world, enhance China's ocean capacity development, support the development of China's marine industry, and protect and utilize the ocean.
Eighth, vigorously develop national security and public safety science and technology. We must accelerate the development of space security, marine safety, biosafety, and information network security technologies, improve the monitoring, early warning, response, and management capabilities for traditional and non-traditional national security and public safety, strengthen research and promotion of safe production technologies, and build advanced national security. And the public security system to effectively prevent biological threats to people's lives and ecological environment, safeguard information and cyberspace security, safeguard national interests, defend national sovereignty, and ensure social stability.
Third, earnestly strengthen and improve scientific and technological work
In order to give full play to the important role of science and technology in accelerating the transformation of economic development mode, it is necessary to further strengthen and improve scientific and technological work.
First, strengthen leadership over scientific and technological work and provide strong guarantees for accelerating the development of science and technology. Party committees and governments at all levels should attach great importance to the leadership and support for scientific and technological work, insist on promoting scientific and technological progress and innovation as an important way to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, and actively create a legal and policy environment, market environment, and social and cultural environment that supports the development of science and technology. . We must adhere to scientific decision-making, democratic decision-making, and decision-making according to law, listen carefully to the opinions of scientific and technological experts, grasp the development trend of science and technology, formulate and take effective measures to promote the resolution of major scientific and technological problems involved in economic and social development. We must give full play to the political advantages that our socialist system can concentrate on doing big things, strengthen investment in science and technology, improve the efficiency of the use of science and technology funds, organize major scientific and technological research, and significantly increase the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress and innovation to economic development. It is necessary to focus on promoting basic research and high-tech frontier exploration, paying attention to the scientific and technological direction in which revolutionary changes may occur, attaching importance to the cross-integrated scientific and technological fields and the forward-looking layout of emerging frontiers, and actively promoting mainstream disciplines to the forefront of the world and important strategic high-tech fields. Leapfrogging and accelerating the historic transformation of the combination of cutting-edge tracking and independent innovation.
Second, strengthen talent work and provide strong talent support for scientific and technological progress and innovation. We must adhere to the principle of respecting knowledge, respecting talents, respecting labor, and respecting creation, thoroughly implementing the strategy of strengthening the country through talents, establishing a strategic layout for prioritizing talents, focusing on high-level talents and highly skilled personnel, and coordinating the construction of various talent teams and training. Create a talented team with large scale, optimized structure, reasonable layout and high quality. It is necessary to innovate the talent training system, evaluate talents in a scientific and rational way, strengthen the introduction of top-notch talents on a global scale, and vigorously cultivate high-level experts and high-level scientific and technological leaders who have the world's leading edge in scientific research, and focus on cultivating first-line innovative talents and young scientific and technological talents. We must improve the modern national education system and lifelong education system, optimize the educational structure, promote quality education, and highlight the talents with scientific spirit, creative thinking, and innovative ability. It is necessary to fully mobilize the innovation enthusiasm of the majority of science and technology workers, raise the awareness of innovation in the whole society, actively create an academic environment of integrity, lenient and harmonious, encourage independent exploration, protect intellectual property rights, promote academic democracy, promote academic debate, and respect all innovative ideas. All innovation initiatives are supported, all innovations can be brought into play, and all innovations are affirmed.
Third, deepen the reform of the science and technology system and provide a strong institutional guarantee for accelerating the construction of an innovative country. It is necessary to adapt to the development of the socialist market economy, establish and improve the national science and technology decision-making mechanism and macro-coordination mechanism, promote the efficient allocation and integration of scientific and technological resources in the whole society, and promote the scientific research layout and structural adjustment. It is necessary to speed up the construction of a technological innovation system that takes enterprises as the mainstay, market-oriented, and combines production, study and research, so that enterprises can truly become the main body of research and development investment, the main body of technological innovation activities, and the main body of application of innovation results, and comprehensively improve the independent innovation capability of enterprises. Accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity. It is necessary to speed up the construction of a knowledge innovation system that combines scientific research with personnel training, and support scientific research institutions engaged in basic research, cutting-edge high-tech research, industrial common technology research, and social welfare research, and concentrate on forming a number of advantageous subject areas, research bases, and innovation teams. . It is necessary to speed up the construction of a national defense science and technology innovation system that combines military and civilian integration with the military and the people, strengthen the integration of military and civilian scientific and technological resources, and form a good pattern for the sharing and mutual transfer of military and civilian high technology. It is necessary to speed up the construction of regional innovation systems with distinctive characteristics and advantages, improve regional innovation capabilities and competitiveness, and promote regional coordinated development. It is necessary to speed up the construction of a socialized and networked technology intermediary service system, improve the efficiency of innovation in the whole society, and promote the dissemination, transformation and application of knowledge results.
Academicians, comrades!
The spirit of science is the soul of science and technology. In the long-term practice of exploring nature and transforming the world, mankind has continuously promoted scientific and technological progress and innovation, which not only changed the world from the material level, but also profoundly affected the development of human social civilization on the spiritual level. History shows that the occurrence and development of every scientific and technological revolution is accompanied by the development of the scientific spirit, and the scientific spirit provides a powerful spiritual drive for scientific and technological progress and innovation. To implement the scientific development concept, build an innovative country, and accelerate the transformation of the economic development mode, we must vigorously promote the scientific spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic and innovative, and form a good trend of teaching science, science, science, and science in the whole society. Technological innovation creates a good social environment.
Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering represent the highest academic level in China's science and engineering technology circles. They shoulder the trust of the party and the people, enjoy high honors, and are widely respected by the whole society. For a long time, academicians of the two academies, as leaders of the national science and technology front, have been striving for dedication and dedication, and have made significant contributions to the party and the country. I hope that comrades will voluntarily carry forward the scientific spirit, take science and education to rejuvenate the country as their own responsibility, adhere to science and technology to serve the economic and social development, serve the people, and align their career aspirations and scientific and technological expertise with national development, social progress, and people's happiness. In order to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, providing scientific and technological support as an important goal, dare to explore, dare to be the first, strive to climb the world's scientific and technological peaks, carefully cultivate and carry outstanding young talents, and make new efforts for building an innovative country and promoting sound and rapid economic and social development. A bigger contribution.
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