Black rot is a common devastating disease of vegetables and one of the major diseases of cabbage. In the early stage of the disease, leaf spots and black veins can be caused, which directly affects the normal photosynthesis of the plants; in the later stage, the plants can be wilted or dead, often mixed with soft rot, causing large-scale dead trees, seriously affecting the yield and quality of vegetables, resulting in reduced yield. Reduced income. I. Symptoms of the disease Black rot is a vascular bundle disease caused by bacteria. Cabbage, such as cabbage, cole, and kale, can cause disease, and also harm vegetables such as Chinese cabbage and radish. The seedlings were infected before they were unearthed, and no seedlings were emerged. After the soil was unearthed, the leaves of the diseased leaves were water-soaked, the root marrow became black, and the seedlings died. When the true leaf is infected, the pathogen can invade from the leaf margin and a "V" shaped yellow-brown lesion appears. Invasive from the wound, irregular brown spots may appear on any part of the leaf, and the spots are pale yellow. The pathogen can develop along the veins and petioles and spread to the stems and roots, causing the vascular bundles in the stems and roots to turn black, causing the plants to wilting until they die. The bulbs are cut open, and the vascular bundles are all blackened or rotted, but no odor. Under dry conditions, the bulb is black or dry and rot, which can be distinguished from soft rot. Second, the incidence of disease can occur in both spring and autumn, generally mild in spring, high temperature in autumn, heavy rain. Severe pests and continuous crops tend to be severe. The cultivation method, improper fertilization and watering, and the area of ​​water are prone to disease. Third, prevention and treatment methods In order to avoid and reduce the occurrence of black rot, comprehensive prevention measures based on prevention can be adopted. 1. The selection of excellent varieties resistant to black rot and the rotation of non-cruciferous vegetables for 2 to 3 years. 2. Seeds are sterilized from seeds of disease-free plants or before sowing. It can be washed with 50% mancolam for 15 minutes, or mixed with 0.4% fulmetol, washed and dried, and then sown. 3. Rational fertilization. Organic fertilizers such as soil and fertilizer must be fully decomposed, and the top dressing should not be too thick, so as to prevent burnt leaves from burning roots; the movement should be light when transplanting, so as not to hurt the stems and leaves; the diseased plants should be removed in time, and the diseased holes are 20% lime. Water disinfection; cultivating loose soil, promoting root development; controlling nitrogen fertilizer, increasing application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, organic fertilizer, biological fertilizer, and improving soil microbial conditions. Add 1 kg of compound potassium dihydrogen phosphate containing boron, zinc, molybdenum and other elements per mu of seedbed, and spray 5% of the fertilizer every 15 days during the growth period, and apply 1 kg of fertile high organism per acre. Bacterial fertilizer. 4. Strengthen cultivation management and improve plant disease resistance. It is found that the diseased plants are removed in time to burn out the deep burial; clean up the garden fields, deepen the sunburn, reduce the number of pathogens; select the land with high ground and good drainage; level the land, sorghum cultivation is conducive to irrigation and drainage; timely sowing, suitable seedlings; Good light is good for wound healing. 5. Control pests in time. During the growing season of vegetables, pests such as cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, and yellow-striped beetle should be promptly controlled to minimize wounds. It can be sprayed with 400~500 times of BT emulsion or 1000 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion. It should strive to eliminate pests before the third age. 6. Chemical control. In the early stage of the disease, it is necessary to use the drug in time. It is necessary to focus on protecting the seedling stage from infestation. Once the disease occurs, the initial spray of 50% Fumei double 500 times liquid, and spray 1 million units of streptomycin sulfate to 5000~6000 times of water; or 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times solution, 58% Redolmul Mn-Zn soluble powder 500-800 times solution spray or root irrigation, spray every 1 to 10 days when the disease is serious, even spray 3 ~ 4 Times.
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