On the market, wood called “rose pear†is not uncommon, and the precious ones are like Hainan huanghua pears, which are often tens of thousands of pounds, and popular pear and pear blossoms.
The rosewood species in the “Hongmu†“national standard†are called “rose pearsâ€, and many alternative materials with similar materials are also commonly known as XX Huali.
Although they are all called "Hua Pear", they can have a world of difference in materials and prices. Some of them are high in price, while others are still in the "civilian" market.
Rosewood business card
Chinese name:花梨木
Generic name: Pterocarpus
Latin: Pterocarpus spp.
English name: Padauk,narra
Commonly known as: grass pear, new pear, sweet rosewood
Among all types of mahogany materials, rosewood can be said to be the most widely used. Rosewood's high cost performance, reasonable raw material prices, furniture out of the price is also relatively close to the people, coupled with its bright colors , touch the feel and texture is better, so deeply loved by the public.
At present, rosewood furniture accounts for the majority of the mahogany furniture market sales, is the red brick market, a true " mainstay ." However, although “rosewood†is the most common name in mahogany furniture, it is difficult for many beginners of mahogany enthusiasts and mahogany knowledge to conceptualize the type of rosewood.
We believe that the new tree friends must clarify the following three concepts to make clear the rosewood:
First, many people think that pear and rosewood are similar. In fact, Huanghuali is Dalbergia scented wood, scientific name Dalbergia Dalbergia; and rosewood is a rosewood, so in the industry there is a classification name for rosewood called " Purple is a pear "; In addition, the market in order to put rosewood Differing from the expensive "Huang Pear", they are also called " Sweet pears ."
Second, the specific species of rosewood are called “XX Red Sandalwoodâ€. It is easy for people outside the industry to think of sandalwood, which is commonly known as lobular rosewood, and rosewood for sandalwood, while rosewood is rosewood. Classes, both belong to different categories , we must be clear about the similarities and differences between the two.
Third, there are many woods on the market called XX Huali, but in the real sense, there are only seven kinds of rosewood in the “Redwood†national standard. The reduction of the XX pears outside these seven types of wood is actually a misleading common name. Therefore, no matter how high-end atmosphere it is commonly called and how much it is like rosewood, it is also necessary to ask its scientific name, and to see that this scientific name is not in the "Hongmu" national standard.
In the following, the seven kinds of rosewood in the Hongmu National Standard are confused with the commonly known as easy-to-use rosewood, or they are easily used to impersonate rosewood (Kimchee Pear), ancient Yi Sumu (Brazilian pear, divided into bus flowers, The information on the tree species of nine “imitation pears†such as minibus flowers, Angora rosewood ( high cotton pear) and African rosewood (red pear) is briefly introduced:
I. Seven kinds of rosewood in the Hongmu national standard
1, Vietnam Cambodia rosewood
Latin name: Pterocarpus cambodianus Pierre
English brand name: Vietnampadauk, thonong
Commonly known as: Cambodian pear, but also with the large fruit red sandalwood, bird foot and red sandalwood known as Burmese rosewood
Mainly produced in Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand.
Structural characteristics: diffuse porous material, semi-ring porous material tends to be obvious. The growth wheel is slightly obvious. The heartwood is reddish-brown to purple-brown in color; the wood chips are red in water. The tube pores are visible to the naked eye and contain red gum; the chordwise diameter is 172 μm at maximum, with an average of 139 μm; few to very few, 2-6/mm2. Axial parenchyma is evident under a magnifying glass, mainly concentric or slightly wavy thin lines (width 2 to 3 cells, more outside the growth wheel). Wood fiber wall thickness, full of red gum. Wood rays can be seen under a magnifying glass; wave marks can be seen; Aroma; fine structure; texture interlacing; air dry density O. 94 to 1.01 g/CM3.
2. Andaman Rosewood
Latin name: Pterocarpus dalbergioides Benth.
English brand name: Andaman padauk, Andaman redwood, vermilion
It is mainly produced in Andaman Islands, India.
Structural characteristics: diffuse porous material, semi-ring porous material tends to be obvious. The growth wheel is quite obvious. The heartwood is red-brown to purple-brown, often with black stripes; the scratches are visible; the aqueous leachate is yellow-brown with fluorescence. The hole inside the growth wheel is quite obvious to the naked eye, with a chord diameter of up to 310 μm and an average of 149 μm; the number is rarely at least 2 to 5 per mm2. Axial parenchyma is evident under a magnifying glass, with concentric thin lines and discontinuous polywings (mostly 2 to 3 cells wide, outside the growth wheel). Wood fiber walls are thin to thick. Wood rays can be seen under a magnifying glass; wave marks can be seen slightly under a magnifying glass; ray tissues can be homogenously arranged in a single row, with no or very weak aroma; fine structure; typical staggered texture, deer-pattern; air-dry density. 69 to 0.87 g/CM3.
3, Hedgehog rosewood
Latin name: Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir.
English name: ambila
Commonly known as: African rosewood, African pear
Mainly produced in tropical Africa.
Structural characteristics: diffuse porous material, semi-ring porous material tends to be obvious. The growth wheel is slightly obvious or obvious. The heartwood is red-brown or red-brown, often with dark stripes; scratches are visible. The hole inside the growth wheel is visible to the naked eye; the diameter of the chord is 290 μm at maximum, with an average of 177 anal m; the number is very small to slightly less, 2-7/mm2. Axial parenchyma is abundant, visible or visible under a magnifying glass, and the main band is a thin line (mostly 2 to 4 cells wide). Wood fiber walls are thin to thick. Wood ray is obvious under the magnifying glass; wave marks can be seen; No or very weak aroma; fine structure; texture interlacing; air dry density O. 85 g/CM3.
4, India rosewood
Latin name: Pterocarpus indicus Willd.
English brand name: amboyna,Burmacoast padauk, sena, Manilla padauk, narra
Common name: Qinglongmu (name is easy to confuse with sandalwood)
Mainly produced in India, Myanmar, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Malaysia and Indonesia, China Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan introduced cultivation.
Structural features: semi-ring or diffuse material. The growth round is obvious. The heartwood is reddish-brown, dark reddish brown or golden yellow, often with dark shades of dark and light; scratches are not visible; the aqueous leachate is dark yellow-brown with fluorescence. The hole inside the growth wheel is quite obvious under the naked eye. The chord diameter is 258 μm at the maximum, with an average of 141 μm; the number is very small to slightly less, 1 to 12 per mm2; it often contains yellow sediments. Axial parenchyma is abundant, and it is evident under a magnifying glass. The main concentric layer of fistula is narrow banded, polywing, and thin (1 to 4 cells wide). Wood fiber walls are thin to thick. Wood rays are visible under a magnifying glass; wave marks are evident under a magnifying glass; rays are organized in a single column. The new section has aroma or very weak; fine structure; texture oblique to slightly staggered, there is a famous Amboyna tree package (tumor) pattern; air dry density O. 53~O. 94 g/CM3. The color and weight of this type of plant vary widely.
5, large red sandalwood
Latin name: Pterocarpus macarocarpus Kurz)
English brand name: Burma padauk, pradeo, may dou
Commonly known as: Burmese rosewood, Burmese and Thai old pear, Southeast Asian pear
Mainly produced in Myanmar, Thailand and Laos
Structural characteristics: diffuse porous material, semi-ring porous material tends to be obvious. The growth wheel is quite obvious. The heartwood is orange, brick red or purple, often with dark stripes; the scratches are visible; the sawdust aqueous leachate is light yellow-brown, and the fluorescence is weak or absent. The inside of the growth wheel is larger (but less in proportion to the growth wheel than other species) and is visible under the naked eye; the diameter of the chord is 269 anal, with an average of 1 27 pm; the number is very small to slightly less, 1 to 1 5/mm2, often with yellow deposits. Axial parenchyma is apparent to the naked eye, with concentric laminar bands/polywings and thin lines (1 to 4 cells in width). Wood fiber wall thickness. Wood ray can be seen under a magnifying glass; wave marks are slightly obvious or obvious under a magnifying glass; ray tissues are homogenous in a single row. Aroma rich; fine structure; texture staggered; air dry density 0.80 ~ O. 86 g/CM3.
6. Cystic Rosewood
Latin name: Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.
English brand name: bijasal, narra, padauk
Common name: Indian Pear
Mainly produced in India
Structural characteristics: diffuse porous material, semi-ring porous material tends to be obvious. The growth wheel is quite obvious. Heartwood golden brown or yellowish reddish-brown, often with dark stripes; scratches not seen; sawdust water leachate red-brown, with fluorescence. The inside of the growth wheel is larger (but the proportion of the growing wheel is smaller) and is visible to the naked eye; the diameter of the string is 344 μm at the maximum, with an average of 174 μm; the number is small, 3 to 5 pieces/mm2. Axial parenchyma is apparent to the naked eye, with concentric laminar bands and thin lines (2 to 3 cells in width). Wood fiber walls are slightly thicker, with a maximum diameter of 20 μm. Wood ray can be seen clearly under the magnifying glass; wave marks are slightly obvious or obvious under the magnifying glass; ray tissues are isomorphic in single row (more) and multiple columns (2 rows). No or very weak aroma; fine structure, interlaced texture; air dry density O. 75～O. 80 g/CM3.
7, bird foot red sandalwood
Latin name: Pterocarpus pedatus Pierre.
English brand name: maidu
Commonly known as: Lao Huali , also known as Burmese rosewood with Vietnamese red sandalwood and large red sandalwood
Mainly produced in South East Asia Peninsula.
Structural characteristics: diffuse porous material, semi-ring porous material tends to be obvious. The growth wheel is quite obvious. The heartwood is red-brown to purple-brown, often with dark stripes; scratches are not seen; the wood chips water leaching fluid fluorescence. The hole inside the growth wheel is larger (but the proportion of the growing wheel is smaller), and it is obvious under the naked eye, containing gum; the diameter of the chord is 284μm at the maximum, the average is 143μm; the number is very few to slightly less, 2～11 /mm2. Axial parenchyma is evident under the naked eye. The main concentric laminar canal is narrow banded, polywing, and thin (1 to 3 cells wide). Wood fiber wall thickness. Wood rays can be seen under a magnifying glass; wave marks are also common; rays are organized in a single column. Strong aroma; fine structure; interlaced texture; air-dry density o.96-1.01 g/cm3.
II. Wood species that are easily confused with rosewood
1. Muddy Bean (Golden Carambola)
The market is commonly known as "golden car pear", "Thai red pear", "Myanmar rose pear", "Private eggplant" and so on. Subjects belong to the butterfly flower class, Kidney bean, diffuse porous wood. The heartwood is reddish-brown, and it is very obvious that the texture of the sticky oil on the rear end surface is set in the air for a while. The main hole is a single tube, a small number of 2-3 radial multiple tube holes, mostly oval under the microscope, often oblique columns, dark gum visible; axial thin-walled tissue ring tubular and wheel-shaped (less); wave mark is not see. Wood ray is non-stacked, and the ray is organized in the same shape and in multiple columns (2-3 columns). It is common to connect wood rays.
The simplest difference from the rosewood: no unique characteristics of rosewood.
2. Angola rosewood ( high cotton pear)
Angora rosewood entered Guangdong in 1997. It is commonly known as “ high cotton pear †in the market. Consumers can easily understand that it is produced in Cambodia. Similar to other rosewood appearances, it is not easy to distinguish. The main differences are: weak scent, light weight (air-dry density 0.51-0.72 g/cm), soft wood , and more 2-3 rows of rays.
3. African sandalwood (red pear)
African red sandalwood market is commonly known as "safflower pear" and "Indian rosewood", and consumers can easily understand it as Indian-made rosewood.
In addition, many people mistakenly believe that it is African sandalwood (Sandalwood). Similar to other rosewood appearances, it is not easy to distinguish. The main differences are: weak scent, new blood redness of heartwood, light weight (air-dry density 0.64-0.72 g/cm), well-developed axial parenchyma and string-like banding. Obviously, the board line is thick and long.
4. Ancient Yi Sumu (Brazilian pear, divided into bus flowers, minibus flowers)
It belongs to the genus Hematoxylin of the hematoxylin group and is also known as "Papaya flower" and "Brazilian pear flower" on the market. Consumers can easily think of pears produced in Brazil.
Among them, Gabon, Cameroon's Demiguyi Sumu, Pellegrini Ancient Yi Sumu, and Tesman Guyi Sumu are known as busses in the Chinese market and are often used to make large plates.
The other kind of sheath seed, ancient Yi Su Mu, is called a minibus flower and is often used as a substitute for mahogany to make furniture.
5. Cockatoo
It belongs to the genus Hematoxylin, and is a porous material; it has a single orifice and a radial orifice. Heartwood reddish-brown, tube hole with dark gum or sediment; axial parenchyma wing, poly wing, and wheel boundary; wood ray non-stacked; single ray rarely; multiple ray width 2-3 cells, air dry Density 0.80-0.83g/cm.
The simplest difference from the rosewood: no unique characteristics of rosewood.
6. Gank bean
It belongs to the genus Hemataceae of the genus Hemataceae; the heartwood is pink or brick red, but it turns orange-brown for a long time; it has yellow-brown stripes. Dispersion porous material; single hole and radial hole (2-3). Axial parenchyma with wing shape, poly wing shape, and wheel shape (less). Wood ray is not stacked; single ray less; multi-row ray width 2-4 cells. Ray tissue shaped III type. Air-dry density 0.85-0.93g/cm.
The market is also known as "Malay Gamba", "Kampas", "Nanyang Redwood", "Gangba", "Gold", "Mengris" and so on.
The simplest difference from the rosewood: no unique characteristics of rosewood.
7. Great Gan Croton
It belongs to the genus Hemataceae, and its heartwood dark red goes to chocolate; it has pink stripes. The porous material; heartwood tube contains gum. Axial parenchymatous polywings and bands are sometimes seen in aerofoil and circumvallate. Wood rays are non-stacked; single rays are less; multiple rays are 2-5 cells wide. The ray organization is the same as the single row and the profiled type III. Air-dry density 0.76-0.88g/cm.
The simplest difference from the rosewood: no unique characteristics of rosewood.
8. Myanmar red paint
Involved in the genus of black lacquer (Papaver) of the lacquer family, with very pronounced heartwood, light reddish dark purple, and dark stripes; the parenchyma is mostly banded and bundled; the ray tissue is isomorphous, single, with few pairs or two Columns, large rays contain radial gum channels; density is similar to that of lacquer trees. 20 In the 1990s, rosewood imported from Guangdong and Guangxi provinces was frequently found with Burmese red paint mixed with the paint tree described below.
The simplest difference from the rosewood: no unique characteristics of rosewood.
9. Plastic paint tree (small red wood)
Also known as Ren Qi paint, red heart paint, Nanyang paint, paint tree resin paint is a wood. Bulk material. Heartwood is bright red to dark reddish brown, often with black stripes. No obvious smell. Under the naked eye, the orifice of the tube is visible. The main orifice is a single orifice; it contains a large number of impregnated bodies; the axial parenchyma is surrounded by a bundle of tubes and leaves the band, and the wave marks are not seen; the wooden rays are not stacked and the rays are mostly homomorphous. (Rarely in columns or more). Radial gum path can be seen, air-dry density is 0.64-0.96g/cm.
Some people in the market used to call it “Nepalese rosewood†to impersonate sandalwood and rosewood. At the end of 2007, it had fried 80,000 yuan per ton (the actual price was about RMB 10,000 per ton) in the Guangxi market, and the last took over. This kind of wood is also called "Little Redwood."
The simplest difference from rosewood; no rosewood has a special fragrance.
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