How to prevent heat stroke?

Heat stroke refers to the symptoms of hyperthermia, non-sweat, and central nervous system symptoms caused by thermal energy accumulation caused by body temperature regulation dysfunction and heat-dissipation dysfunction caused by human body under high temperature or in hot sun. Heat stroke is more common in the tropical and subtropical regions. Temperate regions may cause massive discomfort to people involved in severe heat waves. According to studies, heat stroke can occur when the temperature is higher than 31 degrees Celsius on the day . In China, heat stroke is more common in the summer in the south, and older people are more common. The distribution of people is more common in people engaged in physical labor under hot temperatures, people who participate in large-scale sports competitions and military training; in addition, people who travel long distances are also more common. With the global warming, people who are accustomed to living in a constant temperature environment are generally faced with a decline in their heat resistance, and the incidence of heat stroke has gradually increased in daily life. According to incomplete statistics, the mortality rate of heat stroke can be as high as 20-70%. Therefore, in the hot summer, people need to actively prevent and treat heat stroke.

First, the cause of heat stroke

Environmental factors: The external factors that cause heat stroke are mainly high temperature, high humidity, and low wind speed. It is prone to occur in high-temperature radiation operating environment (dry heat environment) and high-temperature and high-humidity working environment (damp-heat environment). According to the study, the average temperature of more than 30 degrees Celsius for three consecutive days and the relative humidity of more than 73% are most prone to heat stroke. At the same time, we must also pay attention to the fact that although the temperature is not high and the humidity is not high, it is prone to heat stroke because of the poor ventilation of the environment. For example, in the closed working environment in summer, people are prone to suffer from heat stroke. In cities, various tall buildings affect air circulation, large-scale use of air conditioners in summer, narrow streets and gradually increasing vehicles, use of various instruments and equipment, and reduction of urban afforestation area, forming a heat island effect and increasing cities. The temperature. As well as the increase in global carbon dioxide emissions, the resulting greenhouse effect, and the rising temperature trend, these causes have led to an increase in the incidence of heat stroke.

Self-factors: 1. There is an increase in heat production, such as physical labor and sports, as well as diseases such as fever and hyperthyroidism. 2. Poor heat adaptation, such as malnutrition, frail old age, maternal, excessive fatigue, lack of physical activity, lack of sleep, alcohol, hunger, and sudden entry into tourist hotspots and high temperature environments. 3. Thermal barriers, such as excessive obesity, wearing tight, poor ventilation underwear, congenital sweat gland deficiency, scleroderma, lice, scars recovered from patients with extensive burns. In addition, during treatment with anticholinergic drugs, antihistamines, antidepressants, B- adrenoceptor blockers, diuretics, phenothiazines and other drugs, as well as patients suffering from dehydration, shock, heart failure and other diseases It is also a non-negligible factor that causes heat stroke.

Second, the classification of heat stroke

1. Heat stroke (heat stroke) refers to the increase in body temperature caused by the body's heat source in the external environment and the fact that the body's heat cannot be caused by normal physiological heat dissipation. The clinical manifestations are mainly high fever, no sweat, and disturbance of consciousness. . Occurs frequently after a few hours of high-temperature operation, or after a few days of high-temperature heat shock after a drop in heat resistance. When the body temperature is 42-43 degrees Celsius, irreparable damage occurs to human cells for several minutes, the central nerve cells are damaged, and the heart, liver and kidneys are also damaged. Cells die within minutes of a body temperature greater than 50 degrees Celsius. When thermal radiation occurs, cerebral hemorrhage, brain edema, myocardium turbid swelling, interstitial hemorrhage, pulmonary congestion, edema, central lobe necrosis, renal ischemia, degenerative renal tubular disease, dilated blood vessels of the skin, and loss can occur. Loss of salt in water, blood concentration, to the surrounding circulatory failure. There is a special type of heat shot disease, sunstroke, when working under the hot sun or under strong radiation, due to intense light and infrared radiation for a long time, causing the head temperature to rise, resulting in brain tissue edema, intracranial hypertension The main symptoms are: dizziness, headache, tinnitus, severe vomiting, irritability, and severe cases of coma and convulsions.

2 , heat phlegm (heat stroke phlegm): due to excessive sweating, excessive water and salt loss in the body, so that the osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid is reduced, water is transferred to the cells, muscle cells are excessively diluted, edema occurs, so that the muscles produce painful spasm. Enthusiasm is more common in young people who engage in physical labor and have a lot of sweating in high-temperature environments. Old people are rare, and hot season has not yet been adapted to heat. The performance of severe muscle spasm with muscle contraction pain, more common in the limbs, chewing muscles, spasm muscle symmetry seizures, when the hair is getting older, but the patient's body temperature is normal.

3 , heat failure (heatstroke failure): high fever caused by peripheral vasodilation, a lot of sweating, water and salt loss, blood concentration, increased viscosity, cells were hypertonic state, water into the cell, the effective circulating blood volume decreased, the body in order to compensate , To promote heat dissipation, increased cardiac output, increased cardiovascular load, to make heart function or circulatory failure, cerebral transient ischemia, severe shock can occur. This type of heat stroke often occurs in the elderly and those who are unable to adapt. The onset was acute, with dizziness, headache, sudden fainting, supine and leaving the high-temperature workplace, that is, awake, mildly elevated body temperature, and no central nerve injury.

Third, heat stroke symptoms

1 , threatened heat stroke: patients often feel a lot of sweating, dizziness, vertigo, weakness, nausea, palpitation, shortness of breath, lack of concentration, disorientation. Body temperature is often less than 37.5 degrees Celsius. When leaving the hot working environment and entering a cool, ventilated environment, it can return to normal in a short time.

2 , mild heat stroke: In addition to patients with aura symptoms, some manifestations of increased body temperature to 38 degrees Celsius, skin burning, facial flushing; pale, vomiting, clammy skin, thin pulse, blood pressure and other peripheral circulatory failure performance The body temperature can usually return to normal within 4 hours after rest .

3 , severe heat stroke: The above symptoms are further aggravated. Heat exhaustion is mainly characterized by pale skin, cold sweat, weak limbs, and rapid pulse speed. The blood pressure drops, and the systolic blood pressure drops below 80mmHg. The breathing is quick, the body temperature is normal or changes little, and the consciousness is blurred or fainted. The main manifestations of pylori disease are severe headache, dizziness, tinnitus, vomiting, flushing, and a head temperature of 40 degrees C or more. Body temperature is generally normal, and severe cases are unconscious. Heat stroke is mainly manifested as high fever, body temperature as high as 40 degrees Celsius, accompanied by syncope, dry skin burning, headache, nausea, general malaise, rapid pulse, confusion, severe organ damage caused by death.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.