Cherry soil management
The soil management of cherries should first lay a good foundation before planting, especially in mountain orchards. It is required to repair horizontal terraces and dig large pits for planting. After planting, the soil needs to be continuously improved. When the soil's fertilizer, water, gas, and microorganisms are good from the surface to the deep layer, the sweet cherry roots are developed and distributed deeper, which is conducive to the growth and development of the aboveground parts.
1. Deepening the hole
Mountain orchards generally have shallow soil layers and poor soil, which affects root extension. Plain orchards, although the soil layer is thick, but the gas permeability is poor. By deepening the deep hole, the soil layer can be deepened, the ventilation condition can be improved, and organic fertilizer can be combined. It can improve the structure of the soil, promote the activity of microorganisms, facilitate the growth of roots and improve the ability to absorb fertilizer and water. The method of deepening the deep hole: in the first few years after the sapling is planted, starting from the edge of the planting hole, expanding outward every year or every other year, digging a circular groove with a width of about 50 cm and a depth of 60 cm, dug out the ditch. The stones are filled with good soil and farmyard manure, and this is gradually expanded until the two deep gullies meet. The roots of sweet cherries are also stretched year by year. The deep-rooted burrows will not damage the roots until the roots are stretched. The deep turning time can be carried out in autumn and winter, after the fall leaves combined with autumn and winter fertilization.
2. Cherry cultivating soil
Cultivating loose soil is a measure of soil management in the cherry growing season, usually after irrigation and after rain. On the one hand, it can cut off the soil capillary, save water, promote soil ventilation and prevent soil compaction; on the other hand, it can eliminate weeds and reduce the competition of weeds for water and fertilizer. The depth of the cultivating soil is about 5 cm to prevent damage to the roots.
3. Orchard intercropping
During the sapling period, in order to make full use of the land and sunlight and increase the income, it is possible to make cash crops between the lines. Intercropping crops should be planted with dwarf stalks, which are beneficial to improve soil fertility, such as peanuts, mung beans and other legumes. It is not suitable for intercropping crops such as wheat, corn, sorghum and sweet potato that affect the growth of sweet cherries. Keep the tree plate for the intercropping, and leave the tree width 2 meters. The intercropping time is no more than 3 years, usually 1-2 years, so as not to affect the growth of the tree.
4. Cherry tree tree cover
The tree cover of the cherry tree covers the weeds, wheat straw, corn stalks, straw and the like on the surface of the soil under the tree, and the quantity is generally 2000-3000 kg per mu. If the grass source is insufficient, it can mainly cover the tree tray, and the thickness of the grass is 18-20 cm. The time for covering the grass can be fixed before the rainy season by raining, so as to prevent the wind from blowing off the cover, and the rain can promote the decay of the grass. Tree tray covering has many advantages. Firstly, it can protect the soil surface and reduce the transpiration of the soil surface, while maintaining a relatively stable soil temperature. It can raise the soil temperature in spring and autumn and cool down in summer. Prevent high temperature damage to the surface roots of the soil.
More importantly, it can inhibit weeds, reduce weeding, increase soil organic matter, promote soil microbial activities, change soil physicochemical properties, and favor root growth. The tree tray covers the most suitable mountain orchard. The earthy orchard and flatland orchard do not advocate grass covering, because the rainy season is easy to accumulate water after the grass is covered, causing damage. In addition, when fighting insecticides, it is necessary to hit the cover at the same time to eliminate the pests that are lurking in the grass.
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