Started in 2009. When it was, the "Automotive Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan" was issued. Under the government's firm new energy policy guidelines and considerable subsidies, China began to be swept by a car, from concept to practice, nine years, one side. The sand is all under the waves, while the waves are gold.
After the carnival, the world will eventually run in the law.
In 2018, it was called "China's new energy vehicle outbreak year" by the industry. In the middle of the year, the new energy vehicle market has ushered in two new policies. In June, the new policy of financial subsidies for new energy vehicles was officially implemented. With 300 kilometers as the line, the standard for the mileage of new energy vehicles was clearly defined for the first time, and the height was reduced. In July, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Consultation Draft for the Regulations on Investment Management of the Automobile Industry", stating that new traditional fuel vehicle manufacturers will not be able to obtain qualifications, and strictly control existing enterprises to expand the production capacity of traditional fuel vehicles, while strengthening the investment management of new electric vehicle enterprises. , to prevent blind deployment and low-level redundant construction.
This means that high-quality, integrated technological innovation will become the main driving force for the development of new energy vehicles, and the previous strategy of increasing the number of batteries, simply reducing or changing parts to pursue a small increase in mileage will no longer work.
The wind is in the direction of everything. Obviously, even the 300km cruising range is far from the traditional fuel car. The pain point of the new energy vehicle's cruising range has once again become the focus and strength of the industry.
Break through the battery power bottleneck
To improve the cruising range of new energy vehicles, how to increase battery power is a hard bastion that can't be broken. From the first generation of nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium manganate batteries, the second generation of lithium iron phosphate batteries, to the currently widely used third-generation ternary batteries, battery life seems to have been unable to break through the natural ceiling of battery materials.
According to some materials, the energy density of lithium-ion batteries in the existing system is basically difficult to break through 300Wh/kg, which is difficult to meet the needs of future power batteries. In the national development of new energy vehicles, in 2020, the energy density of single cells should reach 350Wh/kg, and in 2030, it should reach 500Wh/kg, which means that the mileage of electric vehicles will double.
Demand extends the possibilities of change to a more promising chemical industry.
"The current energy density of lithium batteries for new energy vehicles is greatly affected by key positive and negative materials," said Zhu Jun, vice president of the global automotive industry team of Evonik Industries Group, a German specialty chemical company. "The choice and breakthrough of positive and negative materials is currently large. A more feasible solution to increase energy density."
Evonik's solution to this problem is to add nano-sized pure silicon powder products to the new anode material, greatly increasing the energy density of the anode material. The theoretical energy density of a pure silicon anode can reach 10 times that of graphite materials, up to 4200 mAh/g. According to previous public information, Tesla has adopted a silicon-carbon anode as a new material for power batteries in Model 3 by adding 10% silicon-based materials to artificial graphite, which has achieved a battery capacity of at least 550 mAh/g. In addition, Evonik's nanostructured alumina is used for lithium battery separator coating, which can effectively improve the safety of the battery due to its excellent heat resistance.
More new material batteries are brewing in laboratories around the world. In May this year, after the Japanese government invested 1.6 billion yen to support Japanese battery manufacturers and Honda, Nissan and Toyota's three major auto manufacturers to jointly develop solid-state lithium-ion batteries, foreign veteran car companies such as BMW and Porsche have invested in solid-state battery research and development. At the same time, there are a large number of auto parts suppliers such as Continental Group, Japan TDK and Murata Manufacturing.
The new round of battery innovation battle
Ford Motor founder Henry Ford once said that any excess weight is fatal to the car.
If the pursuit of breakthrough in battery energy density is still on the road, then the lightweight design of cars that also help to increase the cruising range of new energy vehicles has already begun to apply from the era of fuel power.
According to statistics, the weight of a pure electric vehicle is reduced by 10kg, and its cruising range can be increased by 2.5km.
Under the increasing demand for more and more cruising range, lightweight thinking has become the mainstream of the contemporary. Chen Yilong, director of the China Engineering Society's Lightweight Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance Committee, believes that in the light weight of automobiles, new materials and new technologies account for 41%.
However, Chinese cars that have been seeking to borrow new energy from the “curve overtaking†are still lagging behind the advanced level in foreign countries in terms of lightweight technology. According to the 2017 statistics, in terms of the current mainstream lightweight magnesium alloys, the average magnesium consumption of foreign passenger cars is about 5KG, while the amount of magnesium used in China's own brand models is less than 1KG. The "Technology Roadmap for Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicles" released in 2016 pointed out that in 2020, the amount of domestic bicycle magnesium alloy will reach 15kg, and will reach 45kg in 2030.
According to the data, there are more than 60 parts and components in foreign automobiles using magnesium alloy, including steering wheel skeleton, steering column bracket, instrument panel skeleton, seat frame, valve cover, gearbox housing, intake manifold, etc. 7 The magnesium alloy has the highest usage rate.
But the materials that can make cars lighter are far more than metals such as magnesium alloys. The innovative choice of materials determines who's starting line is born.
Zhu Jun said that cars usually reduce energy consumption by improving the power system, reducing wheel resistance, lightweight, and streamlined design. Among them, the power system and body shape are closely related to light weight. The lightweight of the future car will realize the lightweight design of all structures in the imagination provided by the material.
Evonik offers a complete metal alternative. For example, a rigid foam called ROHACELL® can be combined with a carbon fiber skin to form a sandwich structure with a light, high-rigidity property. It is an ideal foam core material for automobile structural parts and body cover parts such as machine cover, door and roof, which adopts composite sandwich structure. The new specification ROHACELL® HERO also combines high impact resistance, which absorbs energy by cushioning deformation and forms pits on the outer surface of the sandwich structure to detect internal fiber conditions. This not only effectively avoids the risk of collision damage, but also reduces noise and reduces NVH (noise, vibration and harshness).
In addition to the body, Evonik is still exploring lightweight ways to replace high-performance polymers with metal parts such as anchors, chains and gears. Its high-lubricity and wear-resistant polymer VESTAKEEP has been used in the bottom of the car, the transmission parts, the supercharger system and so on. VESTAMID polyamide 12, which has extremely high stability and wear resistance, plays a role in the steering angle sensor gear transmission mechanism, which is far superior to metal parts in terms of resistance to high temperature, noise reduction and shock absorption.
“If these new materials are used to optimize the glass and replaceable metal parts of the entire car, the car can lose at least 40% in the future,†Zhu Jun said.
Chips pointing to the future car
Behind the global transformation of new automotive energy, it is the infinite expectation and appeal for future smart cars and driverless cars.
According to the definition of the US Highway Administration (EPA), smart cars are divided into four levels. From the most basic assisted driving, co-driving based on the Internet of Vehicles, to unmanned driving with limited conditions, and finally to all-time unmanned driving, the direction of future car and human road traffic has been clear. On the more ambitious timeline, the difficulty in cruising the mileage is just a small node.
In December 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the “Three-Year Action Plan for Promoting the Development of a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Industry (2018-2020)â€, stating that by 2020, it will establish an architecture that supports vehicle intelligent computing platforms, vehicle smart chips, and autopilot operations. Key technologies and product development such as systems and vehicle intelligent algorithms, and build a vehicle intelligent platform integrating software, hardware and algorithms.
This means that with the new energy as an opportunity, under the blessing of new materials, China expects to realize the real car industry overtaking through the intelligentization of automobiles.
In this sense, electric energy, electronic control systems, and lightweight vehicles will make the smart chips on the car play a huge role in sensing interconnection, automated driving, and security protection. These are all future roads. The development trend of transportation.
The development of the new materials industry will be the infrastructure to support this trend. For example, in terms of communication and interconnection, Evonik's ROHACELL® rigid foam for packaging and transparent, sun-proof, and alternative automotive glass materials have signals compared to the currently widely used metal and glass materials. Fully permeable; the transparent nylon Trogamid®, currently used primarily for smart homes, enables sensor implantation and the manufacture of special functional parts through 3D printing. These new materials will be used in the automotive industry for the future. The 5G signal can exist, and for the truly intelligent urban transportation service, the car will truly become a new entrance to the Internet in the era of Wan Wan Wanlian.
Among the possibilities brought by more metamaterials, the future of intelligent cars can jump out of the current style of relatively monotonous metal four-wheeled objects to project a clearer blueprint. Only with the technical prospects of Evonik ROHACELL® in-mold foaming, it is possible for the future car to get rid of the stamping and welding process to achieve overall manufacturing, which means that any streamlined car body that is more suitable for reducing energy consumption can be built. Even mass production.
The future of the rivers and rivers is just a hundred years of competition. On July 10th, Tesla, the founder of new energy technology, settled in Shanghai Lingang, and built the first Tesla overseas super factory, which integrates R&D, manufacturing and sales functions. The project plans to produce 50 annual production. Ten thousand pure electric vehicles.
It is not difficult to see that in the tide of the times, the opportunities that have fallen in front of the Chinese automobile manufacturing industry are also rigorously pressing. But in the future, if electric power is a solution for automotive energy, then lightweighting is the theme of the times. Under this direction, the new cutting-edge materials that are constantly incubated by the Chemical Industry Research and Development Institute will become the foundation and inspiration for the vigorous development of energy innovation, intelligent technology and design technology, and will create unlimited possibilities for the future of the automotive industry. .
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