(1) The amount of banana applied
According to foreign research, each year of fragrant banana leaves requires 150.5 grams of nitrogen, 40.7 grams of phosphorus and 561 grams of potassium. However, plants can only absorb a part of the fertilizer, of which nitrogen accounts for 50% of the amount of fertilizer (also known as only 1/4), potassium accounts for 50% of the amount of fertilizer, and phosphorus accounts for only 20% to 30% of the amount of fertilizer, that is to say, 50% to 80% of the applied nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are lost or fixed by the soil. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer applied should include the total amount of plant absorption and loss or fixation. To determine the reasonable amount of fertilizer applied to the park, local climatic conditions must also be considered. The soil structure and fertility of the park, as well as the water supply status, production targets (ie, unit area yield, single-crop or multi-cast banana cultivation, new planting or perennial), planting density, variety type, management level and other factors. For example, Hainan Province should apply less fertilizer than Guangxi, and potassium fertilizer should be applied to soils with potassium deficiency. The high-yield and high-quality fertilization level must be higher than that of general production. The deep application of deep-pitching should be less than that of Sasha. Banana Garden in the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong. When the output is to reach 30,000 to 45,000 kilograms per hectare (2000 to 3000 kilograms per mu), it is required to apply 518 to 823 grams of nitrogen per plant per year, 186 to 297 grams of phosphorus, and 750 to 1185 grams of potassium.
In order to make the fertilization scientific and reasonable, that is, to meet the needs of banana growth and development and the requirements of production targets, and not to waste more fertilizer, it is best to carry out nutrient analysis and soil nutrient analysis of banana leaves, and guide the fertilization according to the analysis results. How much, reasonable to supplement the insufficient part.
(2) Three-factor ratio of fertilizer for banana
Different ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizers will affect the absorption and growth of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in bananas. The author integrates the experience of banana formula fertilization in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan and other provinces in recent years, and believes that the fertilization effect is good. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be 1:0.2～0.5:1.1～2.0 to determine the banana. The reasonable ratio of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should also be as follows:
1 According to the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil of the garden, especially the content of potassium, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the soil is rich in potassium (exchangeable potassium is more than 0.06%) should be 1 : 0.3:0.5, the potassium content is rich (exchangeable potassium 0.025% ~ 0.059%) should be 1:0.3:1, and the medium containing potassium (exchangeable potassium 0.015% to 0.0249%) should be 1:0.3:1.1~ 1.3, the low potassium content (exchangeable potassium 0.0075% ~ 0.0149%) should be 1:0.3: 1.4 ~ 1.7, low potassium (exchangeable potassium only 0.0075% or less) should be l: 0.3: 1.8 ~ 2.0.
2 must be based on the different growth stages of the banana. According to the analysis of Guinea in Africa, the ratio of nitrogen to potassium in the early stage of flower bud differentiation is 1:1.35-1.6, and the ratio of flower bud differentiation is 1:1.5-1.7. The ratio of above or below is not conducive to the growth and development of banana.
(3) Banana fertilization period
The demand for nutrients in bananas generally increases with increasing leaf length. The growth and development of banana leaves in the 18-40 season is decisive for the yield and quality of bananas, so this period is an important fertilization period for bananas. This period can be divided into two periods of heavy application in the middle and late stages of vegetative growth and flower bud differentiation. Most of the fertilizer should be concentrated in these two periods.
1 In the middle and late stages of vegetative growth (18-29 weeks), that is, 3 to 5 months after the planting of the spring planting banana, 5 to 9 months after the planting of the summer and autumn planting bananas and the perennial bananas. From the leaf shape, this period is from the middle of the leaf (the new leaves just pulled out like a tiger-tail) to 1 to 2 large leaves. This period is in the vegetative growth period, the nutrient requirements are very strong, the reaction is the most sensitive, the growth and development of the banana plant is good or bad, determined by the abundant supply of fertilizer. If the heavy fertilizer is applied at this time, the banana plant can get sufficient nutrients. The long and thick leaves of the banana plant with high stems and high-efficiency assimilation, accumulate a large amount of organic matter, and lay a good foundation for the next stage of flower bud differentiation.
2 flower bud differentiation period (30-40 leaves), that is, 5-7 months after planting of spring planting bananas, after summer and autumn planting of bananas and after planting buds of Sugan bananas for 9 to 11 months, from the leaf shape, this period is Pumping large leaves from 1 to 2 to short-circle sunflower leaves, the leaf distance is transferred from the most sparse, and the leaf-leaving speed is slower; from the stem, the pseudo-stem develops to the thickest, and the bulb (the banana head) begins to expose the ground. It is in the form of an altar; from the perspective of sucking buds, it has entered the period of sucking buds. This period is in the process of flower bud differentiation of reproductive growth, requiring a large amount of nutrients for the growth and development of young ears, in order to form the ear of long spikes. According to foreign studies, when the vegetative growth stage enters flower bud differentiation, the nitrogen content of the leaves suddenly drops, because a large amount of nitrogen is urgently needed for flower bud differentiation. When the roots absorb nitrogen from the soil, the nitrogen has to be met. Transfer from tissues and organs such as leaves and stems. At this time, heavy fertilizer can promote the maximum assimilation of the leaves and produce more organic matter for the formation and growth of young ears.
(4) Banana fertilization times
Banana has the characteristics of annual growth, rapid growth and large growth. However, China's climate is characterized by high temperature and rainy weather during the best season of banana growth. After fertilizer application, it is easy to leak and volatilize. Therefore, banana fertilization must be carried out in a thin manner. The principle of re-applying in key periods.
In recent years, the frequency of banana fertilization in China has generally increased from the past, from 5 to 9 times a year, and 10 to 20 times. How many times a year is fertilized is appropriate? Some people have done the experiment of banana fertilization times. The first component is applied 13 times, the second component is applied 8 times, and the total fertilization amount is the same. RESULTS: The stems of the first group were 15 cm taller than the second group and 2.7 cm thick. The first group had all the buds before mid-August, and the second group was only finished in the first group. The first group was the second group. Increase by 10%.
The fertilizer is applied in multiple times to minimize the loss, improve the utilization rate, and fully exert the fertilizer efficiency. For the banana plantation in sandy soil, the effect of fertilizer application is more obvious.
According to the above situation, we believe that the number of banana fertilization is more suitable for 12 to 15 times a year, including 5 times of heavy fertilizer and 7 to 10 times of thin fertilizer.
(5) Banana fertilizer type and fertilization method
1 fertilizer type. The fertilizer applied by banana is divided into two categories: organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.
Organic Fertilizer. Organic fertilizers are organic fertilizers, including manure and livestock excrement, poultry, animal waste, crop stems and leaves, dregs, grass ash, green manure and other organic matter of animals and plants, as well as river mud, pond mud, mud and other alluvial deposits, Contains more comprehensive nutrients. After application of organic fertilizer, the physical properties of the soil can be improved, the drainage and aeration performance of the soil can be improved, and soil humus and nutrients can be increased after decomposition by soil microorganisms. Organic fertilizer is generally used as a new planting base fertilizer or early spring fertilizer, too cold fertilizer, and easily decomposed bran fertilizer can be used as flower bud differentiation fertilizer or strong seedling fertilizer.
Inorganic fertilizer. Most of the inorganic fertilizers are chemical fertilizers with high content of elements, which can be dissolved in water or weak acid. They are easily absorbed and utilized by bananas. The fertilizer is high and fast, and it is convenient to use. However, improper use of inorganic fertilizers can cause soil compaction or acid or alkali, and inorganic fertilizers combined with organic fertilizers can overcome these problems. Inorganic fertilizer commonly used in bananas, nitrogen fertilizers include urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, ammonia water, etc. Phosphate fertilizers include superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, defluorinated phosphate and phosphate rock. Potassium fertilizers include potassium sulfate and potassium chloride. Compound fertilizer generally contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The ratio is generally 15:15:15. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of banana BB produced by Guangzhou Huangpu Canadian Foreign Investment Plant is 1:0.2:1.33.
2 fertilization method. There are two types of banana fertilization, namely rhizosphere fertilization and root top dressing. The main application of rhizosphere fertilization, supplemented by root dressing.
Rhizosphere fertilization can be divided into liquid application and dry application, while dry application is divided into application, acupoint application and ditch application.
Liquid application. The liquid is applied by diluting the fertilizer with water, and it is ready to be used for those that are easy to dissolve. For organic fat bran, human and livestock, etc., it is necessary to use water or human and animal urine to rot and mature, and dissolve into a paste. Cover the soil after the application. The advantage of liquid application is that the fertilizer is easy to contact with the root system, easy to be absorbed without damaging the roots, and also plays an irrigation role in the drought.
Give alms. Spreading is to spread the fertilizer on the surface, usually after the rainy season and when the soil is still wet. Dry soil in dry weather should not be applied. If it is applied in the dry and dry days, it must be drenched. Spread is to be evenly spread, and it is best to pour water once. The advantage of giving is that it saves labor, can expand the absorption surface, and quickly see the fertilizer effect, but improper application is easy to damage the roots and waste, especially when the banana roots are easy to expose soil from May to July, it is necessary to control the fertilizer.
Cave application. The hole application is to dig a hole 30 to 100 cm away from the banana plant, the depth of the hole is 15 to 23 cm (depending on the amount of fertilizer), put the fertilizer into the hole and cover it with soil. In the case of drought, it must be fully wetted to facilitate the decomposition and melting of the fertilizer. The advantage of acupoint application is to prevent the loss of fertilizer and less fat damage, but the absorption surface is narrow, the fertilizer effect is slow, and there are many flowers. Generally used for spring fertilizer and cold fertilizer.
Ditch. The ditch is 1 to 2 arc-shaped small ditch 30 to 100 cm away from the banana plant, 15 to 25 cm wide, 35 to 50 cm long and 8 to 15 cm deep. The fertilizer is evenly applied to the ditch and then covered with soil. The benefits of ditch application, in addition to preventing fertilizer loss and less fat damage, the absorption surface is wider than the hole, the fertilizer effect is faster than the hole application, but it is also more labor. Generally used for spring fertilizer, autumn fertilizer and cold fertilizer, it should not be used in May to July, because the fine roots of banana plants are all over the park and exposed to the ground, and the ditch is easy to damage the fine roots.
The top dressing of banana roots is to spray low-yield liquid fertilizer to the foliage or fruit surface. The advantage of top dressing is that the fertilizer is easily replaced by leaves or fruits. Rapid absorption, timely supplementation of nutrients, to meet the nutrient requirements of banana growth and development, especially the flower bud differentiation to the young fruit development period requires a large amount of nutrients, through the root dressing can timely replenish its required nutrients, to improve banana yield and quality It plays an important role. On the other hand, spraying foliar and fruit fertilizer, the fertilizer absorption rate can be as high as 90%, which is significantly higher than the rhizosphere fertilization. However, there are also shortcomings in the topdressing of the roots, mainly because the amount of fertilizer applied is small, and it requires multiple applications and more flowers.
The fertilizer used in the top dressing depends on the soil nutrient content, the plant deficiency and the different growth stages of the banana. Generally, urea (excluding biuret) and ternary compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium is 15). :15:15). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, foliar fertilizer (such as foliar treasure, etc.) and various micro-fertilizers (zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, borax, neutral copper sulfate, etc.). The concentration should also be determined according to different fertilizer types and banana growth period. For example, in the young age (7-12 leaves), the urea and ternary compound fertilizers are 150-250 times, and the plants grow to the young fruit stage (22 leaves to Fruit 40% meat) urea, ternary compound fertilizer 50 ~ 100 times liquid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 250 ~ 350 times liquid, green Wang 800 ~ 1000 times liquid, magnesium sulfate 2000 times liquid, other various micro Fertilizer (zinc sulfate, etc.) is 3000 to 5000 times liquid, and foliar fertilizer containing auxin such as foliar treasure is 8000 to 10000 times liquid.
The top dressing should also pay attention to: using a sprayer with good spray performance, the fog is fine and uniform; it is best to add 0.5% of the exhibiting agent (such as neutral detergent); the spraying time is best after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. .
After years of production practice, the combination of banana rhizosphere fertilization and root topdressing has better effect than single rhizosphere fertilization, which can increase yield and improve fruit quality, especially for peel color, fruit endoplasm and storage stability. At the same time, it can save fertilizer and reduce the cost of banana production.
(6) Fertilization of different cultivation of banana
Banana cultivation time is different, target requirements are different, and the time and frequency of fertilization are also different.
1 new planting fertilizer. The new planting fertilization is different for spring planting and summer planting, and there is also a difference in banana seedlings as sucking seedlings or tissue culture seedlings. The initial fertilization of tissue culture seedlings has been mentioned before. The post-plant fertilization mentioned here is mainly sucking sprouts. Initial fertilization with liquid fertilizer.
Chun Zhi. 20 days after the planting of the spring planting banana. When seedlings are taken from 1 to 2 new leaves, they start to apply thin manure or bran or urea solution, once every 10 to 20 days, for a total of 3 to 5 times. Reapply 1 spring end of fertilizer in May to promote the growth of banana seedlings and cultivate strong seedlings. From July to August, when the total number of leaves of the banana plant was 22 to 24, it had entered the flower bud differentiation stage. Therefore, from July to September, the heavy fertilizer was applied twice to promote flower bud differentiation and young ear formation; between the two heavy fertilizers. Applying 3 times of thin fertilizer (the fertilization during this period not only promotes the growth of flower spikes, but also promotes the cultivation of bananas to absorb buds), and 85% of the fertilizer has been applied until September. In October, it will be applied for 1 or 2 times of strong fruit fertilizer, and once in November, it will be applied to the cold and heavy fertilizer, which will lay a good foundation for the strong fruit and the wintering of the banana plant. In the 10 months of the year, the number of fertilization times was 12 to 15 times, including 5 times of heavy fertilizer and 7 to 10 times of thin fertilizer.
Xia Qiuzhi. In the first year, after planting to the winter, apply thin fertilizer 3 to 4 times to cultivate strong seedlings. In the late October, apply 1 cold and heavy fertilizer to provide nutrients in the late growth stage and enhance the wintering ability of the plants. In the second year of March of the second year, the early spring heavy fertilizer was applied to accelerate the growth of the late stage of nutrition, providing sufficient nutrients for the transition to flower bud differentiation. From April to May, flower bud differentiation has been entered. The flower bud differentiation fertilizer should be reapplied twice in April to June or from May to July. During this period, the thin fertilizer is also applied three times to promote the early buds and the buds. Provide sufficient nutrients for the cultivation of strong seedlings. From August to October, it will be applied for 3 times of thin and strong fruit, and at the same time promote the growth of the middle and the middle of the banana. At the end of October, the cold fertilizer was applied again. In December, the thin fertilizer was applied before wintering, which laid the foundation for the later growth of the banana plant. In the 17 months of two years, fertilization totaled 14 to 15 times, including 5 heavy fertilizers and 9-10 times thin fertilizer.
2 perennial single banana fertilization. The perennial banana fertilization is different from the cultivation of spring and summer bananas.
Spring and summer bananas. At the beginning of March, the early spring was given heavy fertilizer once, which accelerated the development of the fruit and the growth of the banana plant. 3 to 5 months, the application of thin fertilizer 3 times, in the second half of May, heavy fertilizer 1 time, accelerate the growth of the banana plant before the nutrient. From June to July, 3 times of thin fertilizer was applied to promote the growth of the banana plant. From July to September, the total number of leaves growing from 28 to 30 marks that flower bud differentiation has begun. At that time, heavy fertilizer should be applied twice to promote the formation of young panicles and the cultivation of bananas. 9 to 10 months to pursue 1 to 2 times strong fruit. Strong seedlings and thin fertilizers, heavy application of cold fertilizer at the end of October, and the application of a thin fertilizer in December, promoted the development of fruit and the growth of the undergrowth of the banana plant. The total fertilization in the 12 months of the year was 13 to 14 times, including 5 times of heavy fertilizer and 8-9 times of thin fertilizer.
Being a banana. At the beginning of March, the early spring was given heavy fertilizer once to promote the growth of the banana plant. From April to July, the flower bud differentiation stage has been entered. The flower bud differentiation fertilizer should be applied twice, which promotes the differentiation of the flower buds and the cultivation of the bananas. In the same period, the thin fertilizer is applied three times between the heavy fertilizers. From August to October, it will be applied for 3 times of thin fertilizer to promote the growth of the fruit and the growth of the next season. At the end of October, the cold fertilizer was applied, and in December, the thin fertilizer was applied once, which enhanced the wintering ability of the banana plant and promoted the growth of the banana seedling. The total fertilization was 12 times in 12 months of the year, including 5 heavy fertilizers and 7 thin fertilizers.
3 perennial more bananas for fertilization. The application of bananas in Sugen should be based on early words and foot characters.
In the first year, in addition to the base fertilizer, the new planted bananas must be topdressed early and fertilized. The amount of fertilizer applied in the whole year is 1/4 to 1/3 more than that of single-cropped bananas, and the number of fertilizations is 2 to 4 times. In the first year, after 10 to 20 years after planting, the application of thin fertilizer began. After 3 to 4 months, it was applied 4 times to promote the early growth of banana plants. At the beginning of May, the end of spring heavy fertilizer was applied to accelerate the growth of the banana plant before and after nutrition. 5 to 6 months, the application of 2 times of thin fertilizer, accelerate the growth of the banana plant in the late stage of nutrition, and promote the breeding of strong buds. From July to September, it was re-fertilized twice to promote the flower bud differentiation and young ear formation of the first banana plant, and accelerate the growth of the second planting banana before and after the nutrient, and apply 3 times of thin fertilizer from August to October to promote early buds. At the same time, the buds will be expanded, and the growth of the second plant will be accelerated. At the end of October, the cold fertilizer will be applied once, and then the thin fertilizer will be applied once, which will be the first strong fruit, and the second banana plant will grow the foundation to ensure the fruit. Smooth wintering with banana plants. In the second year from February to March, the application of early spring fertilizer was repeated to accelerate the growth of the second planting of the banana plant and promote the third shoot. From April to June, the spring and summer fertilizers were applied twice, and the thin fertilizer was applied 3 times between the heavy fertilizers to promote the second flower bud differentiation and accelerate the growth of the third pre-nutrition. In July, the thin fertilizer was applied once to promote the second fruit development, and the third banana plant grew in the late stage. From August to October, the application of Xiaqiu fertilizer was repeated twice. In the same period, 3 times of thin fertilizer was applied to promote the differentiation of the third banana flower bud. From November to December, the second thin fertilizer was applied to promote the third fruit development. In the first 10 months, 15 times were applied, including 5 heavy fertilizers and 10 thin fertilizers. In the second year and 12 months, 14 times were used, including 5 heavy fertilizers and 9 thin fertilizers.
According to foreign research, each year of fragrant banana leaves requires 150.5 grams of nitrogen, 40.7 grams of phosphorus and 561 grams of potassium. However, plants can only absorb a part of the fertilizer, of which nitrogen accounts for 50% of the amount of fertilizer (also known as only 1/4), potassium accounts for 50% of the amount of fertilizer, and phosphorus accounts for only 20% to 30% of the amount of fertilizer, that is to say, 50% to 80% of the applied nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are lost or fixed by the soil. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer applied should include the total amount of plant absorption and loss or fixation. To determine the reasonable amount of fertilizer applied to the park, local climatic conditions must also be considered. The soil structure and fertility of the park, as well as the water supply status, production targets (ie, unit area yield, single-crop or multi-cast banana cultivation, new planting or perennial), planting density, variety type, management level and other factors. For example, Hainan Province should apply less fertilizer than Guangxi, and potassium fertilizer should be applied to soils with potassium deficiency. The high-yield and high-quality fertilization level must be higher than that of general production. The deep application of deep-pitching should be less than that of Sasha. Banana Garden in the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong. When the output is to reach 30,000 to 45,000 kilograms per hectare (2000 to 3000 kilograms per mu), it is required to apply 518 to 823 grams of nitrogen per plant per year, 186 to 297 grams of phosphorus, and 750 to 1185 grams of potassium.
In order to make the fertilization scientific and reasonable, that is, to meet the needs of banana growth and development and the requirements of production targets, and not to waste more fertilizer, it is best to carry out nutrient analysis and soil nutrient analysis of banana leaves, and guide the fertilization according to the analysis results. How much, reasonable to supplement the insufficient part.
(2) Three-factor ratio of fertilizer for banana
Different ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizers will affect the absorption and growth of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in bananas. The author integrates the experience of banana formula fertilization in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan and other provinces in recent years, and believes that the fertilization effect is good. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be 1:0.2～0.5:1.1～2.0 to determine the banana. The reasonable ratio of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should also be as follows:
1 According to the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil of the garden, especially the content of potassium, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the soil is rich in potassium (exchangeable potassium is more than 0.06%) should be 1 : 0.3:0.5, the potassium content is rich (exchangeable potassium 0.025% ~ 0.059%) should be 1:0.3:1, and the medium containing potassium (exchangeable potassium 0.015% to 0.0249%) should be 1:0.3:1.1~ 1.3, the low potassium content (exchangeable potassium 0.0075% ~ 0.0149%) should be 1:0.3: 1.4 ~ 1.7, low potassium (exchangeable potassium only 0.0075% or less) should be l: 0.3: 1.8 ~ 2.0.
2 must be based on the different growth stages of the banana. According to the analysis of Guinea in Africa, the ratio of nitrogen to potassium in the early stage of flower bud differentiation is 1:1.35-1.6, and the ratio of flower bud differentiation is 1:1.5-1.7. The ratio of above or below is not conducive to the growth and development of banana.
(3) Banana fertilization period
The demand for nutrients in bananas generally increases with increasing leaf length. The growth and development of banana leaves in the 18-40 season is decisive for the yield and quality of bananas, so this period is an important fertilization period for bananas. This period can be divided into two periods of heavy application in the middle and late stages of vegetative growth and flower bud differentiation. Most of the fertilizer should be concentrated in these two periods.
1 In the middle and late stages of vegetative growth (18-29 weeks), that is, 3 to 5 months after the planting of the spring planting banana, 5 to 9 months after the planting of the summer and autumn planting bananas and the perennial bananas. From the leaf shape, this period is from the middle of the leaf (the new leaves just pulled out like a tiger-tail) to 1 to 2 large leaves. This period is in the vegetative growth period, the nutrient requirements are very strong, the reaction is the most sensitive, the growth and development of the banana plant is good or bad, determined by the abundant supply of fertilizer. If the heavy fertilizer is applied at this time, the banana plant can get sufficient nutrients. The long and thick leaves of the banana plant with high stems and high-efficiency assimilation, accumulate a large amount of organic matter, and lay a good foundation for the next stage of flower bud differentiation.
2 flower bud differentiation period (30-40 leaves), that is, 5-7 months after planting of spring planting bananas, after summer and autumn planting of bananas and after planting buds of Sugan bananas for 9 to 11 months, from the leaf shape, this period is Pumping large leaves from 1 to 2 to short-circle sunflower leaves, the leaf distance is transferred from the most sparse, and the leaf-leaving speed is slower; from the stem, the pseudo-stem develops to the thickest, and the bulb (the banana head) begins to expose the ground. It is in the form of an altar; from the perspective of sucking buds, it has entered the period of sucking buds. This period is in the process of flower bud differentiation of reproductive growth, requiring a large amount of nutrients for the growth and development of young ears, in order to form the ear of long spikes. According to foreign studies, when the vegetative growth stage enters flower bud differentiation, the nitrogen content of the leaves suddenly drops, because a large amount of nitrogen is urgently needed for flower bud differentiation. When the roots absorb nitrogen from the soil, the nitrogen has to be met. Transfer from tissues and organs such as leaves and stems. At this time, heavy fertilizer can promote the maximum assimilation of the leaves and produce more organic matter for the formation and growth of young ears.
(4) Banana fertilization times
Banana has the characteristics of annual growth, rapid growth and large growth. However, China's climate is characterized by high temperature and rainy weather during the best season of banana growth. After fertilizer application, it is easy to leak and volatilize. Therefore, banana fertilization must be carried out in a thin manner. The principle of re-applying in key periods.
In recent years, the frequency of banana fertilization in China has generally increased from the past, from 5 to 9 times a year, and 10 to 20 times. How many times a year is fertilized is appropriate? Some people have done the experiment of banana fertilization times. The first component is applied 13 times, the second component is applied 8 times, and the total fertilization amount is the same. RESULTS: The stems of the first group were 15 cm taller than the second group and 2.7 cm thick. The first group had all the buds before mid-August, and the second group was only finished in the first group. The first group was the second group. Increase by 10%.
The fertilizer is applied in multiple times to minimize the loss, improve the utilization rate, and fully exert the fertilizer efficiency. For the banana plantation in sandy soil, the effect of fertilizer application is more obvious.
According to the above situation, we believe that the number of banana fertilization is more suitable for 12 to 15 times a year, including 5 times of heavy fertilizer and 7 to 10 times of thin fertilizer.
(5) Banana fertilizer type and fertilization method
1 fertilizer type. The fertilizer applied by banana is divided into two categories: organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.
Organic Fertilizer. Organic fertilizers are organic fertilizers, including manure and livestock excrement, poultry, animal waste, crop stems and leaves, dregs, grass ash, green manure and other organic matter of animals and plants, as well as river mud, pond mud, mud and other alluvial deposits, Contains more comprehensive nutrients. After application of organic fertilizer, the physical properties of the soil can be improved, the drainage and aeration performance of the soil can be improved, and soil humus and nutrients can be increased after decomposition by soil microorganisms. Organic fertilizer is generally used as a new planting base fertilizer or early spring fertilizer, too cold fertilizer, and easily decomposed bran fertilizer can be used as flower bud differentiation fertilizer or strong seedling fertilizer.
Inorganic fertilizer. Most of the inorganic fertilizers are chemical fertilizers with high content of elements, which can be dissolved in water or weak acid. They are easily absorbed and utilized by bananas. The fertilizer is high and fast, and it is convenient to use. However, improper use of inorganic fertilizers can cause soil compaction or acid or alkali, and inorganic fertilizers combined with organic fertilizers can overcome these problems. Inorganic fertilizer commonly used in bananas, nitrogen fertilizers include urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, ammonia water, etc. Phosphate fertilizers include superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, defluorinated phosphate and phosphate rock. Potassium fertilizers include potassium sulfate and potassium chloride. Compound fertilizer generally contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The ratio is generally 15:15:15. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of banana BB produced by Guangzhou Huangpu Canadian Foreign Investment Plant is 1:0.2:1.33.
2 fertilization method. There are two types of banana fertilization, namely rhizosphere fertilization and root top dressing. The main application of rhizosphere fertilization, supplemented by root dressing.
Rhizosphere fertilization can be divided into liquid application and dry application, while dry application is divided into application, acupoint application and ditch application.
Liquid application. The liquid is applied by diluting the fertilizer with water, and it is ready to be used for those that are easy to dissolve. For organic fat bran, human and livestock, etc., it is necessary to use water or human and animal urine to rot and mature, and dissolve into a paste. Cover the soil after the application. The advantage of liquid application is that the fertilizer is easy to contact with the root system, easy to be absorbed without damaging the roots, and also plays an irrigation role in the drought.
Give alms. Spreading is to spread the fertilizer on the surface, usually after the rainy season and when the soil is still wet. Dry soil in dry weather should not be applied. If it is applied in the dry and dry days, it must be drenched. Spread is to be evenly spread, and it is best to pour water once. The advantage of giving is that it saves labor, can expand the absorption surface, and quickly see the fertilizer effect, but improper application is easy to damage the roots and waste, especially when the banana roots are easy to expose soil from May to July, it is necessary to control the fertilizer.
Cave application. The hole application is to dig a hole 30 to 100 cm away from the banana plant, the depth of the hole is 15 to 23 cm (depending on the amount of fertilizer), put the fertilizer into the hole and cover it with soil. In the case of drought, it must be fully wetted to facilitate the decomposition and melting of the fertilizer. The advantage of acupoint application is to prevent the loss of fertilizer and less fat damage, but the absorption surface is narrow, the fertilizer effect is slow, and there are many flowers. Generally used for spring fertilizer and cold fertilizer.
Ditch. The ditch is 1 to 2 arc-shaped small ditch 30 to 100 cm away from the banana plant, 15 to 25 cm wide, 35 to 50 cm long and 8 to 15 cm deep. The fertilizer is evenly applied to the ditch and then covered with soil. The benefits of ditch application, in addition to preventing fertilizer loss and less fat damage, the absorption surface is wider than the hole, the fertilizer effect is faster than the hole application, but it is also more labor. Generally used for spring fertilizer, autumn fertilizer and cold fertilizer, it should not be used in May to July, because the fine roots of banana plants are all over the park and exposed to the ground, and the ditch is easy to damage the fine roots.
The top dressing of banana roots is to spray low-yield liquid fertilizer to the foliage or fruit surface. The advantage of top dressing is that the fertilizer is easily replaced by leaves or fruits. Rapid absorption, timely supplementation of nutrients, to meet the nutrient requirements of banana growth and development, especially the flower bud differentiation to the young fruit development period requires a large amount of nutrients, through the root dressing can timely replenish its required nutrients, to improve banana yield and quality It plays an important role. On the other hand, spraying foliar and fruit fertilizer, the fertilizer absorption rate can be as high as 90%, which is significantly higher than the rhizosphere fertilization. However, there are also shortcomings in the topdressing of the roots, mainly because the amount of fertilizer applied is small, and it requires multiple applications and more flowers.
The fertilizer used in the top dressing depends on the soil nutrient content, the plant deficiency and the different growth stages of the banana. Generally, urea (excluding biuret) and ternary compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium is 15). :15:15). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, foliar fertilizer (such as foliar treasure, etc.) and various micro-fertilizers (zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, borax, neutral copper sulfate, etc.). The concentration should also be determined according to different fertilizer types and banana growth period. For example, in the young age (7-12 leaves), the urea and ternary compound fertilizers are 150-250 times, and the plants grow to the young fruit stage (22 leaves to Fruit 40% meat) urea, ternary compound fertilizer 50 ~ 100 times liquid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 250 ~ 350 times liquid, green Wang 800 ~ 1000 times liquid, magnesium sulfate 2000 times liquid, other various micro Fertilizer (zinc sulfate, etc.) is 3000 to 5000 times liquid, and foliar fertilizer containing auxin such as foliar treasure is 8000 to 10000 times liquid.
The top dressing should also pay attention to: using a sprayer with good spray performance, the fog is fine and uniform; it is best to add 0.5% of the exhibiting agent (such as neutral detergent); the spraying time is best after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. .
After years of production practice, the combination of banana rhizosphere fertilization and root topdressing has better effect than single rhizosphere fertilization, which can increase yield and improve fruit quality, especially for peel color, fruit endoplasm and storage stability. At the same time, it can save fertilizer and reduce the cost of banana production.
(6) Fertilization of different cultivation of banana
Banana cultivation time is different, target requirements are different, and the time and frequency of fertilization are also different.
1 new planting fertilizer. The new planting fertilization is different for spring planting and summer planting, and there is also a difference in banana seedlings as sucking seedlings or tissue culture seedlings. The initial fertilization of tissue culture seedlings has been mentioned before. The post-plant fertilization mentioned here is mainly sucking sprouts. Initial fertilization with liquid fertilizer.
Chun Zhi. 20 days after the planting of the spring planting banana. When seedlings are taken from 1 to 2 new leaves, they start to apply thin manure or bran or urea solution, once every 10 to 20 days, for a total of 3 to 5 times. Reapply 1 spring end of fertilizer in May to promote the growth of banana seedlings and cultivate strong seedlings. From July to August, when the total number of leaves of the banana plant was 22 to 24, it had entered the flower bud differentiation stage. Therefore, from July to September, the heavy fertilizer was applied twice to promote flower bud differentiation and young ear formation; between the two heavy fertilizers. Applying 3 times of thin fertilizer (the fertilization during this period not only promotes the growth of flower spikes, but also promotes the cultivation of bananas to absorb buds), and 85% of the fertilizer has been applied until September. In October, it will be applied for 1 or 2 times of strong fruit fertilizer, and once in November, it will be applied to the cold and heavy fertilizer, which will lay a good foundation for the strong fruit and the wintering of the banana plant. In the 10 months of the year, the number of fertilization times was 12 to 15 times, including 5 times of heavy fertilizer and 7 to 10 times of thin fertilizer.
Xia Qiuzhi. In the first year, after planting to the winter, apply thin fertilizer 3 to 4 times to cultivate strong seedlings. In the late October, apply 1 cold and heavy fertilizer to provide nutrients in the late growth stage and enhance the wintering ability of the plants. In the second year of March of the second year, the early spring heavy fertilizer was applied to accelerate the growth of the late stage of nutrition, providing sufficient nutrients for the transition to flower bud differentiation. From April to May, flower bud differentiation has been entered. The flower bud differentiation fertilizer should be reapplied twice in April to June or from May to July. During this period, the thin fertilizer is also applied three times to promote the early buds and the buds. Provide sufficient nutrients for the cultivation of strong seedlings. From August to October, it will be applied for 3 times of thin and strong fruit, and at the same time promote the growth of the middle and the middle of the banana. At the end of October, the cold fertilizer was applied again. In December, the thin fertilizer was applied before wintering, which laid the foundation for the later growth of the banana plant. In the 17 months of two years, fertilization totaled 14 to 15 times, including 5 heavy fertilizers and 9-10 times thin fertilizer.
2 perennial single banana fertilization. The perennial banana fertilization is different from the cultivation of spring and summer bananas.
Spring and summer bananas. At the beginning of March, the early spring was given heavy fertilizer once, which accelerated the development of the fruit and the growth of the banana plant. 3 to 5 months, the application of thin fertilizer 3 times, in the second half of May, heavy fertilizer 1 time, accelerate the growth of the banana plant before the nutrient. From June to July, 3 times of thin fertilizer was applied to promote the growth of the banana plant. From July to September, the total number of leaves growing from 28 to 30 marks that flower bud differentiation has begun. At that time, heavy fertilizer should be applied twice to promote the formation of young panicles and the cultivation of bananas. 9 to 10 months to pursue 1 to 2 times strong fruit. Strong seedlings and thin fertilizers, heavy application of cold fertilizer at the end of October, and the application of a thin fertilizer in December, promoted the development of fruit and the growth of the undergrowth of the banana plant. The total fertilization in the 12 months of the year was 13 to 14 times, including 5 times of heavy fertilizer and 8-9 times of thin fertilizer.
Being a banana. At the beginning of March, the early spring was given heavy fertilizer once to promote the growth of the banana plant. From April to July, the flower bud differentiation stage has been entered. The flower bud differentiation fertilizer should be applied twice, which promotes the differentiation of the flower buds and the cultivation of the bananas. In the same period, the thin fertilizer is applied three times between the heavy fertilizers. From August to October, it will be applied for 3 times of thin fertilizer to promote the growth of the fruit and the growth of the next season. At the end of October, the cold fertilizer was applied, and in December, the thin fertilizer was applied once, which enhanced the wintering ability of the banana plant and promoted the growth of the banana seedling. The total fertilization was 12 times in 12 months of the year, including 5 heavy fertilizers and 7 thin fertilizers.
3 perennial more bananas for fertilization. The application of bananas in Sugen should be based on early words and foot characters.
In the first year, in addition to the base fertilizer, the new planted bananas must be topdressed early and fertilized. The amount of fertilizer applied in the whole year is 1/4 to 1/3 more than that of single-cropped bananas, and the number of fertilizations is 2 to 4 times. In the first year, after 10 to 20 years after planting, the application of thin fertilizer began. After 3 to 4 months, it was applied 4 times to promote the early growth of banana plants. At the beginning of May, the end of spring heavy fertilizer was applied to accelerate the growth of the banana plant before and after nutrition. 5 to 6 months, the application of 2 times of thin fertilizer, accelerate the growth of the banana plant in the late stage of nutrition, and promote the breeding of strong buds. From July to September, it was re-fertilized twice to promote the flower bud differentiation and young ear formation of the first banana plant, and accelerate the growth of the second planting banana before and after the nutrient, and apply 3 times of thin fertilizer from August to October to promote early buds. At the same time, the buds will be expanded, and the growth of the second plant will be accelerated. At the end of October, the cold fertilizer will be applied once, and then the thin fertilizer will be applied once, which will be the first strong fruit, and the second banana plant will grow the foundation to ensure the fruit. Smooth wintering with banana plants. In the second year from February to March, the application of early spring fertilizer was repeated to accelerate the growth of the second planting of the banana plant and promote the third shoot. From April to June, the spring and summer fertilizers were applied twice, and the thin fertilizer was applied 3 times between the heavy fertilizers to promote the second flower bud differentiation and accelerate the growth of the third pre-nutrition. In July, the thin fertilizer was applied once to promote the second fruit development, and the third banana plant grew in the late stage. From August to October, the application of Xiaqiu fertilizer was repeated twice. In the same period, 3 times of thin fertilizer was applied to promote the differentiation of the third banana flower bud. From November to December, the second thin fertilizer was applied to promote the third fruit development. In the first 10 months, 15 times were applied, including 5 heavy fertilizers and 10 thin fertilizers. In the second year and 12 months, 14 times were used, including 5 heavy fertilizers and 9 thin fertilizers.
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