Researchers at the University of Aalto in Finland have developed a new method that can reduce the cost of manufacturing fuel cells. Common fuel cells require the use of expensive precious metal powder catalysts to fully react the anode and the fuel, so the high catalyst cost is the biggest obstacle to the widespread use of fuel cells.
Researchers at Aalto University used atomic layer deposition (ALD) to prepare nanoparticle catalysts, making the fuel cell's anode catalyst coating much thinner than before, and reducing catalyst requirements by 60%, significantly reducing costs and improving quality. The results show that the noble metal nanoparticle catalysts prepared by this method have lower catalyst loading compared to current commercial fuel cell catalysts but can provide similar activity.
Through this research, researchers are developing better fuel cells that use methanol or ethanol as fuel. Alcohol fuels are easier to handle and store than commonly used hydrogen fuels, and palladium catalysts can also be used in methanol fuel cells. Despite the high price of fuel cells, they have already been used in aerospace and other fields and are expected to drive electric vehicles in the future. Fuel cells made using this method may begin commercial production in 5 to 10 years.
Main styles of Screw spike for different market
* North America-High strength screw spikes
1.Description:High strength screw spikes
2. Size: 1x5-1/8", 1x6", 1x7"
3. Specification: high strength, AREMA 2012
4. Finish: Waxed
5.Reference project
NYCT 2.5 million pcs since 2012
* North America-Normal strength AREMA 2012 or ASTM A66
1.Description:Screw spikes
2. Size: 15/16x6"
3. Specification: Normal strength AREMA 2012 or ASTM A66
4. Finish: Plain finished
5. Packing in 50lb plastic keg
6. Reference project
Supplied 3 million pcs since 2010 to North America
* North America-CS screw spike
1.Description:CS screw spike
2. Size: 15/16"x6-1/2"
3. Material to property:
-Tensile strength 120000 PSI
4. Finish: Hot waxed
5. Reference project
Supplied more than 1 million to North America since 2017
* South America
1.Description:Screw spikes
2.Size: 23x105mm/23X110mm
3.Material: 4.6 to UIC864-1
4.Finish: Plain finished
5.Reference project
Supplied 2 million pcs to South America
* South America-No.2 Screw spike
1.Description: No.2 Screw spike
2. Size: 24x145
3. Material to property:
-Grade 4.6 to UIC864-1 or AISI 1020 steel
4. Finish: Plain oiled.
5.Reference project
Supplied about 2 million pcs to South America since 2006
* Rurope
1.Description: BS Screw spikes
2. Size: 1"x6-5/16", 1"X5-1/8",1"X6-1/8", 1"X6-3/8"
3. Material to property:
-Tensile strength 775-925 N/mm2
-Elongation 20%
-Impact strength KCU≥ 65J
4. Finish: Hot dip galvanized, Black
5.Reference project
Supplied more than 1 million to London Underground since 2008
* Ss & DHS for fastening system
1.Description: DHS35 screw spike
2. Size: 24x161
3. Material to property:
-Grade 5.6 to UIC864-1
4. Finish: Hot dip galvanized, or zinc plated according to requirements of customer.
5.Reference project
Supplied about 1 million pcs to Saudi Arabia since 2014 for SKL14 fastening
1.Description: Ss Sleeper screw including Ss8, Ss25,Ss35,Ss36
2. Size: 24x160 (length 150mm is available), 24X161
3. Material to property:
-Grade 4.6, 5.6 and 8.8 to UIC864-1
4. Finish: Plain oiled, hot dip galvanized, zinc plated.
5. Supply reference
Supplied about 2 million to Kazakhstan since 2009 for SKL14 fastening system
Styles of Track Spike
* To North/South American market
This rail spike is manufactured according to ARMEA specifications or customers' requirements.
Size: 3/4", 1/2", 5/8"
Length: 3", 3-1/2", 4-1/2", 5", 5-1/2", 6",etc
Material: Q235, 35#, Q355, etc.
Surface: Plain,etc
* Material to Grade 5.6 or at customers' requirement, mainly supply to Eurpo
Size: 12X12X115mm,etc
Surface: Plain,etc
*To GOST 5812-82
Standard: GOST 5812-82, stand a tensile strength of 49KN(5ton force)
Size:16X16X165/205/230/280mm, etc
Surface: Plain,etc
*Main supply to Sweden
Size:16X16X170mm, etc
Surface: Plain,etc
* Boat spike
Size:3/8X3/8X6"/8"/10", 1/2X1/2X10"/12"
Material: Q235,etc
Surface:Plain, black, Galvanized, etc.
Sleeper Spike,Washer Head Screw Spike,Square Head Screw Spike,Special Head Screw Spike
TAICANG ZHONGBO RAILWAY FASTENING CO., LTD. , https://www.railfastener.com