1. Application of filing
Use a file to cut the surface of the workpiece to make it reach the shape, size and surface roughness required by the part drawing. This processing method is called filing, which is easy to file and has a wide working range. It is mostly used after cutting and sawing. The file can be processed on the plane, curved surface, inner and outer arcs, grooves and other complex surfaces on the workpiece. The highest precision of the file can reach IT7-IT8, and the surface roughness can reach Ra1.6-0.8μm. It can be used to form samples, mold cavities and components, and work piece trimming during machine assembly. It is one of the main operation methods of fitters.
Second, the file
1. The material and structure of the file
The file is usually made of carbon tool steel T10, T12 and hardened to HRC62 ～ 67 by heat treatment.
The file is composed of a file surface, a file edge, a file tongue, a file tail, and a wooden handle. The size of the file is expressed by the working length of the file surface. The teeth of the file are chopped out on the file cutter.
2. Types of files
Files are divided into three types according to their use: common files (or fitter files), special files and plastic files (or assorted files). Among them, ordinary files are the most used.
Common files are divided into five types according to the cross-sectional shape: flat file, square file, round file, semi-circular file and triangular file; according to their length, they can be divided into seven types: 100, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400mm; The tooth pattern can be divided into: single tooth pattern, double tooth pattern (mostly double tooth pattern); according to its tooth pattern vegetable density can be divided into: coarse tooth, fine tooth and oil polish file etc. (the thickness of the file is every 10mm long tooth) It is represented by the number of teeth on the surface, 4-12 teeth for coarse files, 13-24 teeth for fine teeth, 30-36 teeth for polished files).
3. Selection of files
Reasonable selection of files has a great impact on ensuring processing quality, improving work efficiency and extending file life. The general principles for choosing a file are:
(1) Select the shape and specifications of the file according to the shape of the workpiece and the size of the processing surface:
(2) Choose the thickness of the file according to the requirements of soft and hard materials, machining allowance, precision and surface roughness. Rough files have a large tooth pitch and are not easily clogged. They are suitable for roughing (ie, large machining allowance, high accuracy level and low surface quality requirements) and filing of soft metals such as copper and aluminum; fine files are suitable for steel, cast iron and surface quality The filing of demanding workpieces; oil polish files are only used to smooth the processed surface. The thinner the file, the lighter the surface of the workpiece, but the lower the productivity.
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