Xu Chunming Chu Chunrong (Jiangsu Taihu Evergreen Fruit Tree Technology Promotion Center, Dongshan, Suzhou 215107)
Avermectin, also known as Qiqisu, is an antibiotic insecticide and acaricide suitable for the production of pollution-free fruits. In 1997-2001, the authors used avermectin to conduct field control experiments on citrus aphids, citrus leaf miner, citrus scorpion citrus, and citrus rust tick. The test proved that the control effect was good.
Materials and methods I. Test reagents
1. 0.9% avermectin EC, provided by Jiangsu Green Lilai Co., Ltd.
2. 2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable concentrate, Tianjin Aifufu Co., Ltd.
3. 20% dicofol EC, Jiangsu Yangzhou Pesticide Factory
4. 15% ketone emulsifiable concentrate, Nanjing First Pesticide Factory Product II. Test method
1. A citrus aphid is selected from a 6-year-old warm orange garden of cotton aphid that is harmful to citrus. It is treated with 0.9% avermectin EC 1:500, 1:1000, 1:500 times, and 2.5% contrast agent. The enemy killed the emulsifiable concentrate 1:3000 times, and set the water control. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, and the test cells were randomly arranged. Two citrus trees were investigated in each plot, and each of the five stalks were fixed in the east, south, west, north, and middle, and the number of live mites in the top five leaves was investigated. On May 23, 1997, and May 26, 1998, a single-tube sprayer was used for spraying. The same method was used to investigate the number of insect residues on the 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days after spraying, and the control effect was calculated.
2. The citrus leaf miner is selected from the 5-year-old citrus field of citrus leaf miner, which is treated with 0.9% avermectin EC 1:3000, 1:2000, 1:1000 times. 2.5% of the enemy killed the emulsifiable concentrate 1:3000 times, and set the water control. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, and the test cells were randomly arranged. Two citrus trees were surveyed in each plot, and each of the five stalks were fixed in the east, south, west, north, and middle. The mites on the leaves were removed before spraying. August 6, 1997, August 25, 1998 Single-tube sprayer spray, the number of insect residues was investigated 7 days after spraying, and the control effect was calculated.
3. The citrus rust wall is selected from the 12-year-old citrus field where citrus rust tick occurs. The treatment of 0.9% avermectin EC 1:5000, 1:4000, 1:3000 times is used for the treatment. 20% dicofol emulsifiable concentrate 1:1000 times solution, and set a water control. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, and the test cells were randomly arranged. Two citrus trees were surveyed in each plot, and five shoots were fixed in each of the east, south, west, north, and middle. The number of active ridges of 50 leaves and two fields on the back of each leaf was investigated with a hand-held magnifying mirror. On July 6, 1998, and July 5, 1999, a single-tube sprayer was used for spraying. The same method was used to investigate the number of insect residues on the 1, 3, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days after spraying, and the control effect was calculated.
4. The citrus full-claw scorpion is selected from the 12-year-old citrus field of citrus full-claw, with 0.9% avermectin EC: 1:5000, 1:4000, 1:3000 times. 15% ketone emulsifiable concentrate 1:3000 times liquid, and set a clear water control. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, and the test cells were randomly arranged. Two citrus trees were surveyed in each plot, and five shoots were fixed in each of the east, south, west, north, and middle, and the number of active ridges on the 20 leaves was investigated by hand-held enlargement. On May 20, 2000 and August 15, 2001, a single-tube sprayer was used for spraying. The same method was used to investigate the number of insect residues on the 1, 3, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days after spraying, and the control effect was calculated.
Results and analysis
1. The control results of cotton aphid control showed that 0.9% avermectin EC 1:500, 1:1000, 1:500 times had good control effect on cotton mites that harmed citrus, 14 days after treatment The effect is more than 95%, better than the contrast agent 2.5% enemy kill 1:3000 times liquid (see Table 1).
Table 1 Effect of avermectin on cotton teeth
Time drug name dilution factor pre-treatment base (head) 1 day after treatment 7 days after treatment 14 days after treatment residue (head) reduction rate (%) control effect (%) residue number (head) reduction rate (%) control effect (%) Residual number (head) Reduction rate (%) Control effect (%)
1997 0.9% avermectin EC 1 58.9 71.8 247 81.2 94.6 327 75.1 95.6
1:1000 1289 78 93.9 95.8 0 100 100 0 100 100
1:500 1346 53 96.1 97.3 0 100 100 0 100 100
2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable oil 1 51.3 66.5 977 24.7 78.5 1016 21.7 86.2
CK Clear Water 617 898 -45.5 2158 -249.8 3499 -467.1
1998 0.9% avermectin EC 1 83.2 80.2 135 92.6 94.6 276 84.9 94.8
1 89.4 87.5 57 95.1 96.4 109 90.6 96.7
1:500 1462 57 96.1 95.4 26 98.2 98.7 75 94.9 98.2
2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable oil 1 71.3 66.2 345 63.9 73.6 455 52.5 83.6
CK clear water 1068 908 15.0 1456 -36.3 3098 -190.1
2. The results of the control effect of the orange leaf miner showed that 0.9% avermectin EC 1:3000, 1:2000, 1:1000 times had good control effect on the citrus leaf miner, and the control effect was More than 94%, better than the contrast agent 2.5% enemy kill 1:3000 times the liquid control effect (see Table 2).
Table 2 Effect of avermectin on leaf miner
Time Drug name Dilution factor Test result (head) Mortality (%) Control effect Death Survival
1997 0.9% avermectin EC 1:3000 376 12 96.9 96.7
1:2000 384 8 98 97.9
1:1000 387 0 100 100
2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable oil 1 59.7 57.7
CK Clear Water 18 365 4.7
1998 0.9% avermectin EC 1:3000 1048 57 94.8 94.5
1:2000 1245 15 98.8 98.7
1:1000 1367 3 99.8 99.8
2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable 1 58.2 55.5
CK Clear Water 82 1252 6.1
3. The control results of citrus rust tick test showed that 0.9% avermectin EC 1:5000, 1:4000, 1:3000 times liquid has good control effect on citrus rust tick, 30 days after treatment The control effect is still more than 95%, which is obviously better than the control effect of 20% dicofol 1:1000 times of the contrast agent (see Table 3).
4. The control effect of citrus whole claw cockroach showed that 0.9% avermectin EC 1:5000, 1:4000, 1:3000 times liquid has good control effect on citrus whole claw cockroaches, 30 days after treatment The control effect is still more than 90%, which is obviously better than the control effect of the contrast agent 15% fluorenone 1:3000 times liquid (see Table 4).
summary
1. Field test confirmed that avermectin emulsifiable oil has good control effect on cotton aphid, citrus leaf miner, citrus whole claw cockroach, citrus rust tick, and has low usage, safe use, and Longevity and other characteristics.
2. According to relevant literature reports, the mechanism of action of avermectin is different from that of general insecticides. By interfering with the neurophysiological activities of pests, it blocks nerve conduction and causes parasites to die. Therefore, it is a high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide suitable for replacing the current high-toxic and high-residue drugs and used in the production of pollution-free fruits.
Table 3 Effect of avermectin on rust tick
Time drug name dilution factor pre-treatment base (head) 1 day after treatment 3 days after treatment 10 days after treatment 15 days after treatment 20 days after treatment 30 days after treatment residue (head) reduction rate (%) control effect (%) Residue number (head) Reducing rate (%) Control effect (%) Residue number (head) Reducing rate (%) Control effect (%) Residual number (head) Reducing rate (%) Control effect (%) Residual number (head) Reduction rate (%) Control effect (%) Residue number (head) Reduction rate (%) Control effect (%)
1998 0.9% avermectin EC 1:5000 176 36 79.5 80.6 2 98.9 99.0 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100
1:4000 182 27 85.2 86.0 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100
1:3000 177 20 88.7 89.3 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100
20% dicofol emulsifiable concentrate 1:1000 184 47 74.5 75.9 4 97.8 98 14 92.4 93.4 24 87 90.8 78 57.6 71.3 123 33.2 59.5
CK Clear Water 86 91 -5.8 96 -11.6 99 -15.1 112 -30.2 127 -47.7 142 -65.1
1999 0.9% avermectin EC 1:5000 156 29 81.4 80.1 25 84.0 87.2 14 91.0 93.9 5 96.8 98.1 7 95.5 97.2 12 92.3 96.2
1:4000 192 27 85.9 84.9 21 89.1 91.3 11 94.3 96.1 3 98.4 99.1 3 98.4 99.0 5 97.4 98.7
1:3000 166 19 88.6 87.7 13 92.2 93.8 7 95.8 97.1 1 99.4 99.6 2 98.8 99.3 2 98.8 99.4
20% dicofol emulsifiable concentrate 1:1000 175 42 76.0 74.3 29 83.4 86.8 21 88.0 91.9 34 80.6 88.5 52 70.3 81.7 109 37.7 69.0
CK clear water 121 113 6.6 152 -25.6 179 -47.9 205 -69.4 197 -62.8 243 -100.8
Table 4 Effect of avermectin on prevention and treatment of whole claw
Time drug name dilution factor pre-treatment base (head) 1 day after treatment 3 days after treatment 10 days after treatment 15 days after treatment 20 days after treatment 30 days after treatment residue (head) reduction rate (%) control effect (%) Residue number (head) Reducing rate (%) Control effect (%) Residue number (head) Reducing rate (%) Control effect (%) Residual number (head) Reducing rate (%) Control effect (%) Residual number (head) Reduction rate (%) Control effect (%) Residue number (head) Reduction rate (%) Control effect (%)
2000 0.9% avermectin EC 1 66.6 67.7 117 90.1 90.9 93 91.7 92.8 82 93.1 94.2 52 95.6 96.3 23 97.6 98.1
1 82.4 83.0 13 98.9 99 5 99.6 99.7 3 99.8 99.8 1 99.9 99.9 0 100 100
1 85.1 85.6 8 99.3 99.4 1 99.9 99.9 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100
15% ketone ketone 1 60.3 61.6 463 63.1 66 479 61.8 66.8 496 60.4 66.7 576 54.1 61.8 672 46.4 56.7
CK Clear Water 568 498 -3.3 617 -8.6 654 -15.1 67.5 -18.8 682 -20.1 703 -23.8
2001 0.9% avermectin EC 1 27.9 41.8 163 71.3 84.1 77 86.4 96.8 359 36.7 88.9 201 64.6 91.2 372 34.4 90.9
1 54.3 63.1 64 89.7 94.3 31 95.0 98.8 197 68.4 94.5 172 72.4 93.2 239 61.7 94.7
1 78.0 82.3 17 97.1 98.4 6 99.0 99.8 29 95.0 99.1 37 93.7 98.4 41 93.0 99.0
15% ketone ketone 1 29.7 43.3 395 33.6 63.4 872 -46.6 65.3 1056 -77.5 68.9 749 -25.9 68.9 1753 -194.6 59.2
CK Clear Water 495 613 -23.8 897 -81.2 2091 -322.4 2825 -470.7 2001 -304.2 3577 -622.6
Avermectin, also known as Qiqisu, is an antibiotic insecticide and acaricide suitable for the production of pollution-free fruits. In 1997-2001, the authors used avermectin to conduct field control experiments on citrus aphids, citrus leaf miner, citrus scorpion citrus, and citrus rust tick. The test proved that the control effect was good.
Materials and methods I. Test reagents
1. 0.9% avermectin EC, provided by Jiangsu Green Lilai Co., Ltd.
2. 2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable concentrate, Tianjin Aifufu Co., Ltd.
3. 20% dicofol EC, Jiangsu Yangzhou Pesticide Factory
4. 15% ketone emulsifiable concentrate, Nanjing First Pesticide Factory Product II. Test method
1. A citrus aphid is selected from a 6-year-old warm orange garden of cotton aphid that is harmful to citrus. It is treated with 0.9% avermectin EC 1:500, 1:1000, 1:500 times, and 2.5% contrast agent. The enemy killed the emulsifiable concentrate 1:3000 times, and set the water control. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, and the test cells were randomly arranged. Two citrus trees were investigated in each plot, and each of the five stalks were fixed in the east, south, west, north, and middle, and the number of live mites in the top five leaves was investigated. On May 23, 1997, and May 26, 1998, a single-tube sprayer was used for spraying. The same method was used to investigate the number of insect residues on the 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days after spraying, and the control effect was calculated.
2. The citrus leaf miner is selected from the 5-year-old citrus field of citrus leaf miner, which is treated with 0.9% avermectin EC 1:3000, 1:2000, 1:1000 times. 2.5% of the enemy killed the emulsifiable concentrate 1:3000 times, and set the water control. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, and the test cells were randomly arranged. Two citrus trees were surveyed in each plot, and each of the five stalks were fixed in the east, south, west, north, and middle. The mites on the leaves were removed before spraying. August 6, 1997, August 25, 1998 Single-tube sprayer spray, the number of insect residues was investigated 7 days after spraying, and the control effect was calculated.
3. The citrus rust wall is selected from the 12-year-old citrus field where citrus rust tick occurs. The treatment of 0.9% avermectin EC 1:5000, 1:4000, 1:3000 times is used for the treatment. 20% dicofol emulsifiable concentrate 1:1000 times solution, and set a water control. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, and the test cells were randomly arranged. Two citrus trees were surveyed in each plot, and five shoots were fixed in each of the east, south, west, north, and middle. The number of active ridges of 50 leaves and two fields on the back of each leaf was investigated with a hand-held magnifying mirror. On July 6, 1998, and July 5, 1999, a single-tube sprayer was used for spraying. The same method was used to investigate the number of insect residues on the 1, 3, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days after spraying, and the control effect was calculated.
4. The citrus full-claw scorpion is selected from the 12-year-old citrus field of citrus full-claw, with 0.9% avermectin EC: 1:5000, 1:4000, 1:3000 times. 15% ketone emulsifiable concentrate 1:3000 times liquid, and set a clear water control. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, and the test cells were randomly arranged. Two citrus trees were surveyed in each plot, and five shoots were fixed in each of the east, south, west, north, and middle, and the number of active ridges on the 20 leaves was investigated by hand-held enlargement. On May 20, 2000 and August 15, 2001, a single-tube sprayer was used for spraying. The same method was used to investigate the number of insect residues on the 1, 3, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days after spraying, and the control effect was calculated.
Results and analysis
1. The control results of cotton aphid control showed that 0.9% avermectin EC 1:500, 1:1000, 1:500 times had good control effect on cotton mites that harmed citrus, 14 days after treatment The effect is more than 95%, better than the contrast agent 2.5% enemy kill 1:3000 times liquid (see Table 1).
Table 1 Effect of avermectin on cotton teeth
Time drug name dilution factor pre-treatment base (head) 1 day after treatment 7 days after treatment 14 days after treatment residue (head) reduction rate (%) control effect (%) residue number (head) reduction rate (%) control effect (%) Residual number (head) Reduction rate (%) Control effect (%)
1997 0.9% avermectin EC 1 58.9 71.8 247 81.2 94.6 327 75.1 95.6
1:1000 1289 78 93.9 95.8 0 100 100 0 100 100
1:500 1346 53 96.1 97.3 0 100 100 0 100 100
2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable oil 1 51.3 66.5 977 24.7 78.5 1016 21.7 86.2
CK Clear Water 617 898 -45.5 2158 -249.8 3499 -467.1
1998 0.9% avermectin EC 1 83.2 80.2 135 92.6 94.6 276 84.9 94.8
1 89.4 87.5 57 95.1 96.4 109 90.6 96.7
1:500 1462 57 96.1 95.4 26 98.2 98.7 75 94.9 98.2
2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable oil 1 71.3 66.2 345 63.9 73.6 455 52.5 83.6
CK clear water 1068 908 15.0 1456 -36.3 3098 -190.1
2. The results of the control effect of the orange leaf miner showed that 0.9% avermectin EC 1:3000, 1:2000, 1:1000 times had good control effect on the citrus leaf miner, and the control effect was More than 94%, better than the contrast agent 2.5% enemy kill 1:3000 times the liquid control effect (see Table 2).
Table 2 Effect of avermectin on leaf miner
Time Drug name Dilution factor Test result (head) Mortality (%) Control effect Death Survival
1997 0.9% avermectin EC 1:3000 376 12 96.9 96.7
1:2000 384 8 98 97.9
1:1000 387 0 100 100
2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable oil 1 59.7 57.7
CK Clear Water 18 365 4.7
1998 0.9% avermectin EC 1:3000 1048 57 94.8 94.5
1:2000 1245 15 98.8 98.7
1:1000 1367 3 99.8 99.8
2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable 1 58.2 55.5
CK Clear Water 82 1252 6.1
3. The control results of citrus rust tick test showed that 0.9% avermectin EC 1:5000, 1:4000, 1:3000 times liquid has good control effect on citrus rust tick, 30 days after treatment The control effect is still more than 95%, which is obviously better than the control effect of 20% dicofol 1:1000 times of the contrast agent (see Table 3).
4. The control effect of citrus whole claw cockroach showed that 0.9% avermectin EC 1:5000, 1:4000, 1:3000 times liquid has good control effect on citrus whole claw cockroaches, 30 days after treatment The control effect is still more than 90%, which is obviously better than the control effect of the contrast agent 15% fluorenone 1:3000 times liquid (see Table 4).
summary
1. Field test confirmed that avermectin emulsifiable oil has good control effect on cotton aphid, citrus leaf miner, citrus whole claw cockroach, citrus rust tick, and has low usage, safe use, and Longevity and other characteristics.
2. According to relevant literature reports, the mechanism of action of avermectin is different from that of general insecticides. By interfering with the neurophysiological activities of pests, it blocks nerve conduction and causes parasites to die. Therefore, it is a high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide suitable for replacing the current high-toxic and high-residue drugs and used in the production of pollution-free fruits.
Table 3 Effect of avermectin on rust tick
Time drug name dilution factor pre-treatment base (head) 1 day after treatment 3 days after treatment 10 days after treatment 15 days after treatment 20 days after treatment 30 days after treatment residue (head) reduction rate (%) control effect (%) Residue number (head) Reducing rate (%) Control effect (%) Residue number (head) Reducing rate (%) Control effect (%) Residual number (head) Reducing rate (%) Control effect (%) Residual number (head) Reduction rate (%) Control effect (%) Residue number (head) Reduction rate (%) Control effect (%)
1998 0.9% avermectin EC 1:5000 176 36 79.5 80.6 2 98.9 99.0 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100
1:4000 182 27 85.2 86.0 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100
1:3000 177 20 88.7 89.3 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100
20% dicofol emulsifiable concentrate 1:1000 184 47 74.5 75.9 4 97.8 98 14 92.4 93.4 24 87 90.8 78 57.6 71.3 123 33.2 59.5
CK Clear Water 86 91 -5.8 96 -11.6 99 -15.1 112 -30.2 127 -47.7 142 -65.1
1999 0.9% avermectin EC 1:5000 156 29 81.4 80.1 25 84.0 87.2 14 91.0 93.9 5 96.8 98.1 7 95.5 97.2 12 92.3 96.2
1:4000 192 27 85.9 84.9 21 89.1 91.3 11 94.3 96.1 3 98.4 99.1 3 98.4 99.0 5 97.4 98.7
1:3000 166 19 88.6 87.7 13 92.2 93.8 7 95.8 97.1 1 99.4 99.6 2 98.8 99.3 2 98.8 99.4
20% dicofol emulsifiable concentrate 1:1000 175 42 76.0 74.3 29 83.4 86.8 21 88.0 91.9 34 80.6 88.5 52 70.3 81.7 109 37.7 69.0
CK clear water 121 113 6.6 152 -25.6 179 -47.9 205 -69.4 197 -62.8 243 -100.8
Table 4 Effect of avermectin on prevention and treatment of whole claw
Time drug name dilution factor pre-treatment base (head) 1 day after treatment 3 days after treatment 10 days after treatment 15 days after treatment 20 days after treatment 30 days after treatment residue (head) reduction rate (%) control effect (%) Residue number (head) Reducing rate (%) Control effect (%) Residue number (head) Reducing rate (%) Control effect (%) Residual number (head) Reducing rate (%) Control effect (%) Residual number (head) Reduction rate (%) Control effect (%) Residue number (head) Reduction rate (%) Control effect (%)
2000 0.9% avermectin EC 1 66.6 67.7 117 90.1 90.9 93 91.7 92.8 82 93.1 94.2 52 95.6 96.3 23 97.6 98.1
1 82.4 83.0 13 98.9 99 5 99.6 99.7 3 99.8 99.8 1 99.9 99.9 0 100 100
1 85.1 85.6 8 99.3 99.4 1 99.9 99.9 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100
15% ketone ketone 1 60.3 61.6 463 63.1 66 479 61.8 66.8 496 60.4 66.7 576 54.1 61.8 672 46.4 56.7
CK Clear Water 568 498 -3.3 617 -8.6 654 -15.1 67.5 -18.8 682 -20.1 703 -23.8
2001 0.9% avermectin EC 1 27.9 41.8 163 71.3 84.1 77 86.4 96.8 359 36.7 88.9 201 64.6 91.2 372 34.4 90.9
1 54.3 63.1 64 89.7 94.3 31 95.0 98.8 197 68.4 94.5 172 72.4 93.2 239 61.7 94.7
1 78.0 82.3 17 97.1 98.4 6 99.0 99.8 29 95.0 99.1 37 93.7 98.4 41 93.0 99.0
15% ketone ketone 1 29.7 43.3 395 33.6 63.4 872 -46.6 65.3 1056 -77.5 68.9 749 -25.9 68.9 1753 -194.6 59.2
CK Clear Water 495 613 -23.8 897 -81.2 2091 -322.4 2825 -470.7 2001 -304.2 3577 -622.6
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