Fertilization and pest control in wheat planting period

base fertilizer

1. The role of base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is the fertilizer applied before the wheat is planted. The aim is to create good soil conditions for wheat growth and development, to lay the foundation for wheat growth, and to supply nutrients throughout the growing season.

2. Type and amount of base fertilizer. Organic fertilizers such as manure, human waste, soil and fertilizer, straw and other organic fertilizers, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are suitable for base fertilizer, and the effect is very good. In general, these fertilizers can be used as a base fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and it is suitable for dry wheat field. The dosage generally accounts for about 60% of the total amount.

3. Method of application of base fertilizer. The method can be divided into two types: one is combined with deep tillage and fertilization. That is, the fertilizer is applied to the entire plough layer when applied, so that it is sufficiently mixed with the ploughed soil to expand the contact surface between the fertilizer and the root. The second is concentrated fertilization. The base fertilizer is applied by the method of ditching, and this method can be used in the case of less fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer and high-quality organic fertilizer can be mixed and stacked for centralized application to prevent fertilizer phosphorus from being fixed by the soil, thereby improving fertilizer efficiency.

Fertilizer 1. The role of seed fertilizer. Fertilizer is a fertilizer that is mixed with seeds when the wheat is planted. Its purpose is to supply seedling nutrients and create good conditions for crop seedling growth.

2. Type and amount of fertilizer. Fertilizers used as seed fertilizers are generally quick-acting fertilizers that are easily absorbed and utilized, requiring relatively stable physical and chemical properties, and no toxic or side effects on seed germination and seedling growth. Ammonium sulfate, superphosphate and high-quality compound fertilizer can be used, and the dosage is 23-25 ​​kg per mu.

3. Method of application of seed fertilizer. The application of the seed fertilizer can determine the appropriate method according to the type of fertilizer. The quick-acting nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers can generally be mixed with the seeds or re-seeded. Micro-fertilizers can generally be used in seed dressing, soaking and other methods. (Yu Fuhai, Agricultural Technology Center of Yucheng County Agricultural Bureau)

The sowing period of wheat is a key period for controlling various pests and diseases of wheat. This period of prevention and control saves labor, saves time and medicine, can control a variety of pests and diseases, and has twice the result with half the effort. The main control objects of wheat pests and diseases in wheat sowing period are underground pests such as cockroaches, cockroaches, golden worms, wheat larvae, wheat sheath blight, total etch disease, viral disease yellow dwarf disease, bush dwarf disease, smut disease and so on. Its control measures are:

Agricultural control selects pest-resistant varieties for local major pests and diseases, and makes rational distribution of varieties. Fine soil preparation to remove diseased debris and weeds in the field. Rational rotation, formula fertilization, application of decomposed farmyard manure. Adopting suitable cultivation techniques such as late sowing, precision semi-precision sowing, etc., improve the resistance of the wheat itself to pests and diseases, and create a field ecological environment that is not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases, but is conducive to the robust growth of wheat.

Chemical control 1. Soil treatment. Underground pests, wheat midwifery re-emergence area, 50% phoxim or 40% methyl iso-phosphorus emulsifiable concentrate 0.25 ~ 0.3 kg per acre, add 1 ~ 2 kg of water, 25 kg of fine soil to make toxic soil. It can also be used with 3% methyl isoflavone or phoxim granules 2.5 to 3 kg, fine soil 15 to 20 kg, evenly spread the ground before plowing the ground, and plow into the soil with the plow.

2. Chemical dressing. For the general pests of underground pests, 50 grams of 40% methyl isoflavin or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate can be used, 4 to 5 kg of water can be added, and 40 to 50 kg of wheat seeds can be mixed. Wheat sheath blight, smut, stripe rust, can be used 2% Likexiu according to the weight of 0.1% ~ 0.15%, or 20% triadimefon EC by weight of 0.15%, or 12.5% ​​of the fruit (Ixolol) Seed dressing according to the seed weight of 0.12%. Excessive use of triadimefon and hepatic fruit has an effect on wheat emergence and growth, and the dosage should be strictly controlled to avoid phytotoxicity. For wheat total eclipse, use 200 ml of 2.5% cola, add 1.5 to 2 kg of water, mix 50-100 kg of wheat, and dry it for sowing. Wheat yellow dwarf disease, bush dwarf disease, use 75% phorate emulsifiable concentrate 100 ~ 150 ml, add water 3 ~ 4, mix 50 kg of wheat seeds, mix well and stack for 12 hours to sow. In the mixed areas of pests and diseases, it is necessary to vigorously promote the mixture of fungicides and insecticides, and count the amount of each, first mix the insecticides and mix the fungicides, and strictly follow the dressing operation rules to prevent poisoning of humans and animals.

3. Seed coating. The seed coating agent is a new type of pesticide which is processed by compounding insecticide, fungicide, micro-fertilizer, plant growth regulator and film-forming agent. The seed coating has the advantages of simple, slow release and long-acting effect. In addition to controlling pests and diseases, it also has the function of seed fertilizer and should be widely promoted. According to the type of pests and diseases, the appropriate formulation of the seed coating agent can be selected. For example, when using 2.5% of Shile, the coating agent plus 40% methylisophosphorus can prevent and control underground pests, and can also control wheat sheath blight and root rot.

In addition, when planting wheat, pay attention to the reserved spacing to facilitate intercropping. Intercropping in wheat fields is a simple, scientific and practical agricultural production measure that can improve the multiple cropping index and obtain greater comprehensive agricultural benefits. The reserve of wheat fields is the basic premise of intercropping, and the effectiveness of the annual adjustment of crop production structure depends to a large extent on the reserved line of wheat. Therefore, in the wheat planting, we must do a good job in crop layout adjustment planning, leave enough reserved lines, and actively promote the “92-style”, “six-two-style” and “three-in-one” types of wheat, wheat, melon and melon. Such as a variety of efficient intercropping mode, reasonable configuration of the inter-layer structure, to achieve 3 to 4 cooked a year. Or when the wheat is planted, the crop combination is not fixed. When the spring is broadcast in summer, the planting is selected according to market demand.
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