At present, small-scale dairy cows account for more than 60% of the total stocking of dairy cows. The author has learned through investigation that most farmers have problems such as improper feeding and extensive management in the process of raising cows. The author puts forward some corresponding countermeasures for these problems, and hopes to benefit the cattle farmers.
Most of the cows are spacious, airy and light. The cows are mostly built in the old house or built in the courtyard. The cow beds are often uneven. The ventilation in the house and the summer heatstroke are difficult to guarantee. The lighting conditions are not met. Some cattle She is even dark, and some are difficult to weather. Allowing cows to be in such an environment seriously affects their health and reduces production performance. In order to improve the living environment of dairy cows, farmers should go to the farms planned in the village to build cowsheds suitable for the growth of dairy cows. It is required to protect the cows from cold and warm in winter, heat in summer and cool down in the summer, good ventilation in the house, sufficient light, and a sports field in the field. Awning.
Strengthening exercise to enhance physical fitness Some cattle farmers are used to squatting cows on wooden stakes, limiting cow activity, making cows less active, leading to blocked growth and development of cows, estrus is not obvious, and often difficult to conceive; some pregnant cows are difficult to produce, and the placenta is not good, physical fitness It is weak and has poor disease resistance. "The cow is in good physical condition and sports are indispensable." Therefore, when building a cowshed, farmers should first consider setting up a sports ground to strengthen the cow sport. If it is not possible to provide a sports ground under conditions, it should also be carried out to promote the cow's metabolism, to maintain a strong appetite and normal reproductive function, to improve its ability to resist the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, and to extend the use of life.
Disinfection and epidemic prevention diseases are far away from many cattle farmers. When cows are sick, they want to cure the disease at all costs, but they are not willing to spend a small amount of money to carry out disinfection and epidemic prevention. Their disinfection and epidemic prevention is very poor. Since there is no disinfection tank, the site is not disinfected regularly, and no vaccination needle is injected. Once the cow is sick, especially infectious diseases, it will cause greater economic losses. Therefore, the programmatic disinfection of the breeding environment, sites and supplies should be carried out frequently. In the season of infectious diseases, the number of disinfection sites should be increased. It is necessary to establish the concept of anti-heavy treatment. According to the occurrence of epidemics in the region, veterinarians are regularly required to vaccinate cows as planned. At the same time, attention should be paid to the hygiene of feed and drinking water, and contact with outside personnel and supplies should be controlled to prevent problems before they occur.
Brushing the cattle to improve the efficiency Because the cattle farmers have a large workload and tight time, they are not too concerned about brushing the cattle. Some only pay attention to the cleanliness of the hindquarters and breasts of the cows, and the whole body is rarely brushed, even if it is brushed, it causes some cows to get dirt and even breed ectoparasites. Brushing the bovine body has many advantages, which can not only maintain the hygienic and cleanliness of the bovine body, promote blood circulation of the skin, regulate body temperature, enhance disease resistance, reduce disease occurrence, but also promote human cattle affinity, easy management, and help to improve production. The amount of milk and the quality of milk can be maintained. Therefore, farmers should develop the habit of brushing the body of cattle, brush the body 2 times ~ 3 times a day, each time 3 minutes to 5 minutes.
Regular deworming reduces the consumption of surface parasites, making the cows uncomfortable, irritated, smashing the wall, consuming physical energy and affecting milk production. In vivo parasites not only consume nutrients, but some parasites can interfere with the life activities of cows and even endanger life. Therefore, cattle farmers should regularly expel parasites inside and outside the cattle in spring and autumn, and should pay attention to repel blood-sucking insects such as mosquitoes and flies in the summer, so that the feed efficiency can be fully utilized to ensure the health of the cattle and give full play to the potential for milk production.
The age of the maternal and child-friendly cows should be 18 months to 20 months, and the body weight is 350 kg to 400 kg. At this time, the cows have reached maturity and sexual maturity. However, some farmers began breeding at the age of 18 months after the birth of the calf. Other farmers did not pay attention to the feeding and management of the dairy cow. At the age of 18 months, the body weight was only 250 kg to 300 kg. Breeding, often cause dystocia of the first child, the result has to carry out midwifery, causing birth canal damage, rupture of the vulva, secondary endometritis, affecting its own growth and development, milk production and normal reproduction of the next fetus, the fetus that lays down The newborn is small in weight and weak in constitution. Therefore, the cultivation of yak and bred cattle should be strengthened in production, and the two indicators should be considered comprehensively when breeding.
The appropriate amount of milking reduces the lactation period of the consumed cows to 305 days, and then enters the 60-day dry period. Due to the age, parity, sensation and feeding level of the cow, the lactation period can be extended or shortened appropriately, but the shortest period can not be less than 45 days. In order to make cows produce more milk, some farmers have been squeezed from postpartum to no milk, and sometimes even before the birth. The consequences of doing so are very serious. First, because cows consume excessive body nutrition, affecting fetal development and lower milk production; second, it is caused by late postpartum estrus or estrus, sexual cycle disorder and difficulty in conception. Therefore, the dry period of dairy cows in production is indispensable, and cows with poor grievance should be extended appropriately so that the cows have adequate rest and buffer time to ensure normal metabolism and sexual cycle.
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