The more complex the configuration of the water treatment agent circulating water treatment water treatment equipment of Yunhui Chemical Building Materials Sales Co., Ltd., the more the size of each part is determined depends on the rules of experience. For example, a mechanically agitated clarifier divided into five functional zones, the percentage of the total volume of the pool in each zone is determined empirically.
The development trend of modern water treatment technology
The task of water treatment technology in the 21st century is to prevent bottlenecks and even water quality disasters caused by the deterioration of water resources and the sustainable development of the country's economy.
Water treatment technology in the 21st century is the core of water science. Due to the worldwide severe situation of water resources, the 21st century will become an era of rapid development of water treatment technology. How to develop? This article is only a few ideas for this extremely difficult question to draw attention and discussion. Although this is a worldwide problem, it should be raised in light of China's situation.
1. Time missions and challenges
For China, the task of water treatment technology in the 21st century is extremely difficult. The reasons for this will be as follows. Broadly speaking, the task of water treatment technology in the 21st century is to prevent bottlenecks and even water quality disasters caused by the deterioration of water resources and the sustainable development of the country's economy. The deterioration of water quality in China is mainly due to the old debt and new debt of wastewater treatment. Among the seven major river systems in China, 63.1% of the river sections are of Class IV, Class V or Class V, losing their function as drinking water sources. This is the old debt. According to the current national plan, the centralized treatment rate of urban wastewater in 2000 was 25%. Therefore, there is 75% new wastewater treatment rate. But these do not represent all debt.
It can be seen that under the existing water treatment technology level and the source of funds mechanism, new debt will continue to appear every year. Therefore, in the 21st century, water quality and water quality may continue to deteriorate, which will have serious bottleneck effects on the country's sustained economic growth. It is even necessary to be alert to possible water quality and water quality disasters that can be compared with water and water disasters such as large-scale floods. . The task and challenge of China's water treatment technology era is to prevent this serious situation from appearing. This is of course the task and challenge of the discipline of water science and engineering. The specific assumptions are: within 2025, the development of a breakthrough new water treatment process and the strengthening of existing technology, so that the cost of water treatment facilities construction and operation is reduced by about 1/4~ 1/3 or even more. This can be called a “virtual†source of funding. To implement the water price concept of the water industry, the fee will be the actual source of funds. Under the combination of the two, China will have sufficient funds to gradually owe it to the wastewater treatment debts in 2025, and the water resources will no longer appear in Class IV and below Class IV water quality before 2025.
2. Re-understanding of existing water treatment technologies
According to the discipline requirements of the high-tech era, the evaluation of existing water treatment technologies is the first step in predicting how water treatment technology in the 21st century will develop. Let's try to point out the three shortcomings of the existing water treatment technology.
Substitute parameters for water quality do not accurately describe water quality
There are two types of parameters describing water quality. One class only indicates the concentration of one component in water, and the other class indicates the concentration of a component in water, which is called the substitute parameter of water quality. The surrogate parameters are the main parameters describing the water treatment process. However, since the substitution parameters do not accurately describe the water quality, the water treatment process cannot be accurately described.
The inaccuracy of turbidity is a prime example. Turbidity is a major surrogate parameter in drinking water standards. Its size is measured by the ability of water to transmit light or scatter light. In general, the smaller the turbidity, the better the water quality. However, turbidity is actually used to indicate the total concentration of all particulate matter in the water in terms of traits, size and quality. This is obviously an inaccurate description of the water quality.
Five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)
The inaccuracy of this alternative parameter is a good example. This oxygen requirement in the biodegradation process of organic matter is represented as the equivalent of organic matter, and can be said to be completely flawless in concept.
The inaccuracy of BOD5 stems from the measurement method used, which includes: the environment in which the microorganism is grown is different from the environment in production;
There is no precise quantitative relationship between BOD5 and total BOD; the biochemical process differences caused by organic species and concentrations in wastewater are not considered; the biochemical processes of ecosystems composed of microorganisms of different species and different densities are not considered.
Therefore, in order to accurately describe water quality, it is necessary to make new interpretations or corrections to these alternative parameter applications, or to create better water quality parameters.
Lack of precision theory
Expressed as the following representative phenomena:
Accurate data on the processing efficiency of a new water treatment process and each of its stages must be obtained through a pilot test at a pilot plant, without calculation theory.
The more complex the configuration of the water treatment equipment, the more determined the size of each part depends on the rules of thumb. For example, a mechanically agitated clarifier divided into five functional zones, the percentage of the total volume of the pool in each zone is determined empirically.
Contrast between theory and design: For some processing devices, on the one hand, there is a sequence of theories described by complex differential equations; on the other hand, their design is still only in accordance with the normative provisions, only simple calculations are needed. . The quick filter is a typical example.
The lack of precision theory keeps water treatment technology at the stage of empirical technology.
Analysis of ideas may have to find another way
One reason for the lack of precision theory in water treatment technology may be that the analysis of the water treatment process is not consistent, so there is a question of exploring new ideas.
According to the concept of chaos, turbulence, the growth of microbial populations, and the common phenomena of water treatment processes are all chaotic. Therefore, chaos may become a new idea and worth discussing.
What is chaos? The initial concept can be obtained through the famous "Butterfly Effect". "Sensitive dependence on initial conditions" is a basic condition of chaos. The "butterfly effect" is an exaggerated image of this basic condition. The idea is that the disturbing airflow caused by the flapping of a butterfly's wings in the tropical rainforest of the Amazon River in South America may cause a tornado in Texas in North America two weeks later. Wiener cites a folk song that vividly describes the "butterfly effect" and increases its plausibility. The folk songs are: lack of Nails, unloading of hoofs; unloading of hoofs, horses and horses; horses and horses, knights; knights, warriors; warriors, nationals. Here, the nail is a "butterfly" and the country is a "tornado."
In fact, there are many phenomena in the water treatment process that can be considered as the “butterfly effectâ€. An example of sludge swelling that occurs during the operation of the activated sludge process is an example. Sludge expansion refers to the fact that in the normal state of the sedimentation tank, the sludge which only accounts for a certain volume of the tank has a sudden expansion of the sludge volume in a short time, thereby disrupting the normal operation of the activated sludge process. Here, the "tornado" is obviously sludge expansion, but the "butterfly" may have multiple forms.
Although chaos can cause ideas to be active, it is still only a way.
3. Innovative discussion
Active innovation is the inevitable way for China's water treatment technology to fulfill the tasks of the times and meet the challenges of the times. Only through innovation can the construction and operation costs of water treatment facilities be significantly reduced, thereby contributing to the elimination of water treatment debt. Only innovation can solve many water treatment problems. Innovation must make full use of the technological characteristics and advantages of the high-tech era. Let's try to list some ideas from three aspects.
Utilization of new materials
First, the use of existing new materials to innovate the configuration of water treatment equipment, including: in order to optimize the overall process of water treatment, the use of new materials to create a more compact water treatment plant overall configuration, to avoid the traditional flat loose The configuration; in order to optimize the mixing state of the reaction process, the new material is used to create a new unit configuration, changing the traditional box configuration.
Second, according to the need to improve the water treatment process (such as membrane filter components, fillers, filter material configuration and filter membrane anti-blocking performance, etc.), the creation of new properties of materials.
Utilization of biotechnology
The first is to create microbial water treatment preparations, including three levels: the existing EM technology (effective microor-ganisms effective microbiota) can be regarded as the first level. EM technology refers to biotechnology that achieves an optimized effect of biological treatment by adding a special microbial active agent. The second level refers to the optimization of biologically treated microbial preparations formulated with natural microbial species according to the raw water quality and treatment requirements. The third level is an artificial bacterial or bacterial population preparation produced for efficient biological treatment of water, and a special artificial bacterial species produced for difficult water treatment problems, or a bacterial population preparation.
The second is to combine with new materials to create materials that are beneficial to both the water treatment process and the biological treatment functions, such as fillers, adsorbents, filter materials and even water treatment components.
Construction of basic science of water treatment basic science and technology
In combination with the needs of the characteristics of water treatment technology, actively creating a set of basic science and technology basic science disciplines dedicated to water treatment is the most fundamental guarantee for promoting the innovation ability of water treatment technology in the 21st century. This is because many practical problems that water treatment needs to solve often fail to find a more complete solution from the existing basic science and technology basic science theory. A long-standing example is that the separation process of suspended solids in water has not been accurately described in low-flow water flows under the constraints of the inlet and outlet of the sedimentation tank and the constraints of the environmental factors. Another new example is the accurate description of the momentum and mass transfer processes of raw water in membrane separation modules, especially in coiled assemblies, and cannot be found in classical hydraulics. Yunhui Chemical Building Materials Sales Co., Ltd. produces water treatment chemicals corrosion and scale inhibitors, bactericidal algaecides, flocculants http://news.chinawj.com.cn
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