At present, economical CNC machine tools are still the most demanding CNC machine tools in China. Utilizing the existing idle old machine tools and transforming them into a new high-efficiency and versatile economical CNC machine tool through numerical control, it is an effective method for revitalizing the stock funds and one of the roads to achieve automation at low cost. The CK6130 small CNC lathe we developed is the exploration and practice of this idea.
1 Working principle
The CK6130 small CNC lathe consists of two parts: the microcomputer numerical control system and the machine body. When machining the workpiece, firstly program the NC program of the workpiece, and then check the feasible NC program key to the numerical control device, and then the numerical control device calculates the feed pulse sequence according to the program command, and then the multi-function NC board performs pulse distribution, and the power amplifier After the power is amplified by the driving power source, a control signal of the driving device is formed, thereby controlling the rotation speed of the machine tool spindle, starting and stopping, the moving direction, the speed and the displacement of the feeding system, and the selection of the tool, the start and stop of the cooling and lubrication, and the like. The tool and the workpiece and other auxiliary devices are strictly operated in accordance with the sequence, stroke and parameters specified by the numerical control program, thereby processing the parts with the shape, size and precision.
Figure 1 Overall plan of CNC machine control system
System 2 computer numerical control machine adopts <br> <br> X axis, Z axis economical open-loop control system of the two-axis, linear interpolation to complete two coordinates. It is mainly composed of microcomputer, stepping motor drive power, stepping motor, multi-function NC interface board, control circuit and so on (Figure 1). The microcomputer can use any kind of microcomputer and compatible machine above IBMPC-286, insert the CNC card in the bus slot, and use the developed lathe CNC software package to store the workpiece processing program through the keyboard key and store it with power-down protection function. The workpiece program memory, thereby improving the reliability of the system operation, and completing the NC machining of the workpiece.
The stepping motor drive power adopts pulse width adjustment circuit and smooth subdivision circuit to greatly improve the torque of the stepping motor at high frequency, improve the rapid performance of the system, and reduce the vibration of the stepping motor at low frequency to make the operation more stable. In addition, it also has protection functions such as over temperature, over pressure, over current and under voltage.
In the system, an optoelectronic scrambler is also used for isolation to improve the anti-interference of the system.
3 machine body
The machine body of the CK6130 CNC lathe is improved from the small ordinary lathe C615, which mainly includes the transformation of the feed transmission system, the transformation of the main drive system and the transformation of the tool post structure.
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the 2 axis feed system
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