Charge Coupled Device (CCD) Charge Coupled Device.
CCD is a semiconductor device that can convert optical images into digital signals. The tiny photosensitive substance implanted on the CCD is called a pixel. The more pixels a CCD contains, the higher the screen resolution it provides. The CCD acts like a film, but it converts image pixels into digital signals. CCD is widely used in cameras, digital cameras and scanners, except that the camera uses a dot-matrix CCD, which includes both x and y directions for taking a planar image, and the scanner uses a linear CCD. It has only x One direction, scanning in y direction is done by the scanner's mechanical device.
There are two kinds of CCD processing technology, one is the TTL process, and the other is the CMOS process. Nowadays, the CCD and the CMOS mentioned in the market are all CCDs, but the process is different. The former is the power consumption of milliamperes. The second is the micro-ampere power consumption. The CCD image quality under the TTL process is superior to that of the CCD under the CMOS process. The CCD is widely used in industrial and civil products.
CCD uses a high-sensitivity semiconductor material that converts light into electric charge and is converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter chip. The digital signal is compressed and stored in the camera's internal flash memory or internal hard disk card. Therefore, the data can be easily transmitted to the computer, and the image can be modified as needed and imagined by means of computer processing. CCDs consist of many photosensitive units, usually in megapixel units. When the CCD surface is exposed to light, each photosensitive unit will reflect the charge on the component, and the signals generated by all the photosensitive units are added together to form a complete picture.
The CCD is an extremely important component in the camera. It functions to convert light into electrical signals, similar to human eyes, so its performance will directly affect the performance of the camera.
There are many indicators to measure the quality of CCD, such as the number of pixels, CCD size, sensitivity, signal to noise ratio, etc. Among them, the number of pixels and the size of CCD are important indicators. The number of pixels refers to the number of photosensitive elements on the CCD. The picture taken by the camera can be understood to consist of many small points, each of which is a pixel. Obviously, the larger the number of pixels, the clearer the picture will be. If the CCD does not have enough pixels, the sharpness of the captured picture will be greatly affected. Therefore, theoretically, the number of CCD pixels should be as large as possible. However, the increase in the number of CCD pixels will reduce the manufacturing cost and the yield, and under the current television standard, after the number of pixels is increased to a certain number, the effect of increasing the sharpness of the captured screen becomes insignificant. Therefore, the general one Millions of pixels are enough for general use.
A single CCD camera means that there is only one CCD in the camera and uses it for the photoelectric conversion of the luminance signal and the color signal, wherein the chrominance signal is completed by using specific color mask devices on the CCD in combination with the following circuits. Because a CCD finishes the conversion of the luminance signal and the chrominance signal at the same time, it is inevitably necessary to make the photographed image not reach the professional level requirement in color restoration. To solve this problem, a 3CCD camera appeared. 3CCD, as its name implies, is a camera that uses 3 CCDs. We know that if light passes through a special prism, it will be divided into three colors: red, green and blue. These three colors are used by our TV. Three primary colors, through these three primary colors, can generate all television signals including luminance signals. If you use a CCD to accept each color and convert it into an electrical signal, and then process the image to produce an image signal, a 3CCD system is constructed. Compared with single CCD, because 3CCD converts red, green and blue signals respectively with 3 CCDs, the image taken from the color reproduction is more natural than the single CCD, and the brightness and sharpness are better than that of a single CCD. However, due to the use of three CCDs, 3CCD cameras are much more expensive than single CCDs.
The four-color CCD is a new CCD technology introduced by Sony in 2003. Four-color red, green, and blue magenta (RGBE) and traditional three-color (red, green and blue), four-color CCD color reproduction error rate further reduced. This makes color reproduction more realistic. The first digital camera to use a four-color CCD is the CCD column in the SNOY DSC-F828 Digital Camera Specification Sheet which often reads "1/2.7" CCD. The "1/2.7 inch" here is the size of the CCD, which is actually the length of the CCD diagonal. Existing digital cameras generally use 1/2.7 inch, 1/2.5 inch, and 1/1.8 inch CCDs. The CCD is a collection of light receiving elements (pixels) that receive light transmitted through the lens and convert it into electrical signals. . With the same number of pixels, the larger the CCD size, the larger the unit pixel. In this way, the unit pixel can collect more light, so in theory it can be said to help improve the picture quality.
However, the quality of the digital camera is not only determined by the CCD. The performance of the camera and the circuit for forming an image by the electrical signal output by the CCD can also affect the image quality of the camera. The so-called "large size CCD = high quality" is incorrect. For example, although the 1/2.7 inch is smaller than the 1/1.8 inch size, a digital camera equipped with a 1/2.7 inch CCD is not criticized for its poor picture quality.
Nowadays, compact digital cameras have become smaller and lighter. For design considerations, most of them use small 1/2.7-inch CCDs.
By the way, the 1/2.7-inch "type" is sometimes written as "inch", but it is not the ordinary "1 inch = 25.4mm" here. Due to the combination of the camera tube and the display mode used on the CCD before the camera is unveiled, it is customary to use a special size. 1/2.7 inches is 6.6mm, 1/1.8 inches is about 9mm.
CCD is a semiconductor device that can convert optical images into digital signals. The tiny photosensitive substance implanted on the CCD is called a pixel. The more pixels a CCD contains, the higher the screen resolution it provides. The CCD acts like a film, but it converts image pixels into digital signals. CCD is widely used in cameras, digital cameras and scanners, except that the camera uses a dot-matrix CCD, which includes both x and y directions for taking a planar image, and the scanner uses a linear CCD. It has only x One direction, scanning in y direction is done by the scanner's mechanical device.
There are two kinds of CCD processing technology, one is the TTL process, and the other is the CMOS process. Nowadays, the CCD and the CMOS mentioned in the market are all CCDs, but the process is different. The former is the power consumption of milliamperes. The second is the micro-ampere power consumption. The CCD image quality under the TTL process is superior to that of the CCD under the CMOS process. The CCD is widely used in industrial and civil products.
CCD uses a high-sensitivity semiconductor material that converts light into electric charge and is converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter chip. The digital signal is compressed and stored in the camera's internal flash memory or internal hard disk card. Therefore, the data can be easily transmitted to the computer, and the image can be modified as needed and imagined by means of computer processing. CCDs consist of many photosensitive units, usually in megapixel units. When the CCD surface is exposed to light, each photosensitive unit will reflect the charge on the component, and the signals generated by all the photosensitive units are added together to form a complete picture.
The CCD is an extremely important component in the camera. It functions to convert light into electrical signals, similar to human eyes, so its performance will directly affect the performance of the camera.
There are many indicators to measure the quality of CCD, such as the number of pixels, CCD size, sensitivity, signal to noise ratio, etc. Among them, the number of pixels and the size of CCD are important indicators. The number of pixels refers to the number of photosensitive elements on the CCD. The picture taken by the camera can be understood to consist of many small points, each of which is a pixel. Obviously, the larger the number of pixels, the clearer the picture will be. If the CCD does not have enough pixels, the sharpness of the captured picture will be greatly affected. Therefore, theoretically, the number of CCD pixels should be as large as possible. However, the increase in the number of CCD pixels will reduce the manufacturing cost and the yield, and under the current television standard, after the number of pixels is increased to a certain number, the effect of increasing the sharpness of the captured screen becomes insignificant. Therefore, the general one Millions of pixels are enough for general use.
A single CCD camera means that there is only one CCD in the camera and uses it for the photoelectric conversion of the luminance signal and the color signal, wherein the chrominance signal is completed by using specific color mask devices on the CCD in combination with the following circuits. Because a CCD finishes the conversion of the luminance signal and the chrominance signal at the same time, it is inevitably necessary to make the photographed image not reach the professional level requirement in color restoration. To solve this problem, a 3CCD camera appeared. 3CCD, as its name implies, is a camera that uses 3 CCDs. We know that if light passes through a special prism, it will be divided into three colors: red, green and blue. These three colors are used by our TV. Three primary colors, through these three primary colors, can generate all television signals including luminance signals. If you use a CCD to accept each color and convert it into an electrical signal, and then process the image to produce an image signal, a 3CCD system is constructed. Compared with single CCD, because 3CCD converts red, green and blue signals respectively with 3 CCDs, the image taken from the color reproduction is more natural than the single CCD, and the brightness and sharpness are better than that of a single CCD. However, due to the use of three CCDs, 3CCD cameras are much more expensive than single CCDs.
The four-color CCD is a new CCD technology introduced by Sony in 2003. Four-color red, green, and blue magenta (RGBE) and traditional three-color (red, green and blue), four-color CCD color reproduction error rate further reduced. This makes color reproduction more realistic. The first digital camera to use a four-color CCD is the CCD column in the SNOY DSC-F828 Digital Camera Specification Sheet which often reads "1/2.7" CCD. The "1/2.7 inch" here is the size of the CCD, which is actually the length of the CCD diagonal. Existing digital cameras generally use 1/2.7 inch, 1/2.5 inch, and 1/1.8 inch CCDs. The CCD is a collection of light receiving elements (pixels) that receive light transmitted through the lens and convert it into electrical signals. . With the same number of pixels, the larger the CCD size, the larger the unit pixel. In this way, the unit pixel can collect more light, so in theory it can be said to help improve the picture quality.
However, the quality of the digital camera is not only determined by the CCD. The performance of the camera and the circuit for forming an image by the electrical signal output by the CCD can also affect the image quality of the camera. The so-called "large size CCD = high quality" is incorrect. For example, although the 1/2.7 inch is smaller than the 1/1.8 inch size, a digital camera equipped with a 1/2.7 inch CCD is not criticized for its poor picture quality.
Nowadays, compact digital cameras have become smaller and lighter. For design considerations, most of them use small 1/2.7-inch CCDs.
By the way, the 1/2.7-inch "type" is sometimes written as "inch", but it is not the ordinary "1 inch = 25.4mm" here. Due to the combination of the camera tube and the display mode used on the CCD before the camera is unveiled, it is customary to use a special size. 1/2.7 inches is 6.6mm, 1/1.8 inches is about 9mm.