Cao Guangjing: The Three Gorges Project pushes China's hydropower and heavy equipment to leapfrog

China Three Gorges Corporation (referred to as the Three Gorges Group) undertakes the historic mission of “building the Three Gorges and developing the Yangtze River” as entrusted by the state, and also creatively implements major decisions of the country relying on major projects and promoting the development of the domestic equipment manufacturing industry. The principle of “combination, technology transfer, joint design, and cooperative production” has led to a successful road of “market-for-technology and then-technology-occupying-market” through technology introduction, digestion and absorption, and re-innovation to promote China’s hydropower equipment manufacturing industry. Achieve a major leap forward.

The Three Gorges Project is the largest hydropower project in the world, and the attractiveness of the market for 32 sets of 700,000 kilowatt hydropower generating units will undoubtedly become the highest arena for world-famous manufacturers competing to perform on stage. Looking back in 1996, although the enthusiasm of domestic manufacturers is high, but the level of production capacity is still a considerable gap from the developed countries, only 32 kilowatts of manufacturing performance, in order to obtain the most advanced technology is indeed unimaginable: either to obtain outdated second-rate Technology is either asked for "high price".

With responsibility, the Three Gorges Group has bravely assumed this “rebate”. The first step is to condense the “wisdom” of domestic manufacturers and write the most desired “technology” into the bidding documents, because the transfer technology is a prerequisite for winning bids by foreign manufacturers. . The bidding documents also have about three chapters for foreign manufacturers: they must bid with Chinese manufacturers and the share of Chinese partners should not be less than 25%. Chinese manufacturers must complete the manufacture of a unit under their guidance; they must transfer technology and need to consider that they have mastered the Technology and personnel training are already in place before payment can be received. In the international bidding for 14 units of the left bank of the Three Gorges Power Station, Alstom won 8 bids and cooperated with Harbin Electric Machinery Factory; GE and Voith and Siemens VGS won six bids and cooperated with Dongfang Motor Factory. Twelve units of the Three Gorges right bank power station and 8 domestic manufacturers account for the innovation and the introduction of technology. In the right bank building, Harbin Electric independently developed the 840MVA hydro-generator set with the largest single capacity in the world and adopted air-cooling technology; it overcomes the technical problems of mega-magnets and possesses a large number of core technologies with independent intellectual property rights.

On July 10, 2007, China’s first domestically produced 700,000-kilowatt hydropower generating units were put into operation to produce electricity, and the localization level reached 100%. From the fact that only 300,000 to 400,000 kilowatts of hydro-generator units could be designed and manufactured, it was possible to The manufacture of 700,000 kilowatts of large-sized units has taken seven years for China's hydropower equipment manufacturing industry to cross the 30-year gap with foreign countries. Some key technologies have reached the international level. In the construction of underground power stations, the localization of equipment continues to deepen. Harbin Electric Machinery Factory and Dongfang Motor Factory are all owned technologies from design to manufacturing.

The Three Gorges Group did not stop there. After implementing the "China Heart" of the unit, the Three Gorges Group, on the basis of supporting domestic companies in the introduction of technology, digestion and absorption, and re-innovation, actively created conditions, organized research, and made greater progress towards the higher goal of accelerating the national production of the power station. Based on the absorption of Mitsubishi and ABB technologies, Western Electric Group independently completed the design and manufacture of 550 kV GIS and its control and protection equipment for underground power stations through independent innovation. The technical performance indicators have reached the international advanced level and Chinese enterprises have achieved Breakthrough in the field. From the host, main transformers and auxiliary equipment, speed control, excitation equipment, and key materials, China's equipment manufacturers step by step, and jointly achieve the grand goal of domestic-made units to domestic power stations. With the commissioning of the last unit of the underground power station, the localization of major equipment in the Three Gorges Project has reached an unprecedented height, and the goal of localization of major equipment for the Three Gorges Power Station has been fully realized.

In the past, some of the key materials and large-scale forged castings of hydro-generators and main transformers were monopolized by foreign manufacturers for a long time, and the realization of autonomous supply was one of the major difficulties faced by domestic electromechanical equipment in China. In the construction stage of the Three Gorges right bank power station, Ansteel Group developed a high-strength steel plate in time for the supply of embedded parts on the right bank of the Three Gorges Project, which created a precedent for the application of domestic high-strength steel plates in large-scale hydropower stations. Angang Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. successfully tested the most difficult lower ring castings. The movable guide vane cast by the Shenyang Foundry Research Institute and the thrust head cast by Dalian Huarui Heavy Industry Group were successfully applied. Today, the key materials for the entire industrial chain of hydropower equipment have achieved domestic independent supply, breaking the long-term monopoly of foreign companies.

In the installation phase of the Three Gorges left and right bank units, China Three Gorges Group has established a management model of “combination of management and management, seamless transfer”, and has formulated the “Regulations for Installation of Hydro-Generator Sets” in accordance with the principle that the main indicators are higher than the national standards, according to safety The targets for reliable, high-quality, and high-efficiency operation include the “Three Gorges Installation Standards” and “Premium Units” and other assessment indicators, forming the internationally leading “Three Gorges electromechanical installation standards” in the field of electromechanical engineering, filling the installation of China’s 700 MW hydroelectric generating units. The blank of operating standards has provided rules and regulations for large-scale domestic power station construction.

Three Gorges Group has always stood at the forefront of the development of hydropower technology. The Wudongde and Baihetan Power Stations developed by the China Three Gorges Group are expected to use millions of kilowatts of generating units, and related unit equipment and raw materials will also be based on domestic design and manufacturing. From the main procurement of foreign manufacturers’ technical equipment to the localization of equipment, China’s major equipment for hydropower has been freed from the constraints of foreign technology. At present, China has a number of hydropower equipment companies that are internationally competitive. The next step is to participate more in the international market and push China’s technological standards to the world.

The history of continuous development also proves that China's hydropower equipment localization practice has achieved remarkable economic and social benefits. The smooth implementation of localization of mechanical and electrical equipment for the Three Gorges Power Station project has laid a good foundation for follow-up projects. In 2008, Jinsha River Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba hydropower project turbine bidding procurement contract was signed. The purchased 18 Xiluodu units with a capacity of 770 MW and 8 Xiangjiaba unit with a capacity of 800 MW were all awarded by the domestic manufacturing units. Among them, 19 sets have all independent intellectual property rights and the contract value is nearly 8 billion yuan. At the same time, localization has greatly reduced the manufacturing costs and unit procurement costs of the entire hydropower equipment industry. According to estimates, the total savings of the 700 MW unit of the Three Gorges right bank and underground power station are 534 million yuan compared to the imported units. In addition, the localization practice of electromechanical equipment has also promoted the domestic manufacturing technology innovation capability and improved the management level, and promoted the scientific and technological progress and industrial development of the industry.

Since the Three Gorges Project was put into operation in 2003, it played a huge role in flood control, but it also provided a steady stream of clean power. Among them, the Three Gorges Project’s localization of electromechanical equipment played an important role. Recalling the glorious history of major equipment through the Three Gorges power station project, to some extent, we are making history, the history of China's hydropower industry, power industry, or even in the history of the creation of the world's hydropower.

First, the wise decisions of the Party Central Committee and the State Council and the strong policy support of the relevant state departments are important prerequisites for the successful implementation of the major equipment for the Three Gorges Power Station.

In order to ensure that the quality of the Three Gorges Project reaches a first-class level, and lose no time to support the national industry, the Party Central Committee and the State Council decided decisively: The Three Gorges Left Bank Power Plant unit implements international procurement, insists on “combination of technology and trade, technology transfer, joint design, and cooperative production” and takes autonomous measures. The path of combining innovation and technology introduction will gradually realize the localization of the Three Gorges Project equipment through technology introduction, digestion and absorption, and independent innovation. At the same time, the state has given long-term support to the independent research and development of the Three Gorges Project.

Secondly, taking the market as the guide and giving full play to the overall coordination of the owners is an important guarantee for the successful implementation of the major equipment for the Three Gorges Power Station.

As the owner of the Three Gorges Project, China Three Gorges Group conscientiously implements the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, makes full use of the market competition mechanism, actively sets up an international competitive platform, and insists on the introduction of first-rate mechanical and electrical equipment and the introduction of key technologies.

Third, companies are the main players in market competition, and they have the most demand and motivation for independent innovation, and they are most sensitive to new technologies and new products. Therefore, giving full play to the main role of enterprises in independent innovation is the key to the success of the localization of major equipment in the Three Gorges Power Station.

Fourth, relying on major projects, focusing on breakthroughs and overall advancement, it is an important way for the Three Gorges Power Station's major equipment to be continuously developed.

The degree of localization of major technical equipment is an important embodiment of a country's overall strength in design, materials, processing and manufacturing. During the construction of the Three Gorges Project, taking the localization of hydropower units of the Three Gorges as the leader, led the basic materials of key parts from runner castings, scroll steel plates, and high-grade silicon steel sheets to the main transformer, GIS, governor, excitation, The comprehensive localization of various kinds of equipment such as the monitoring system has realized the overall improvement of the technical strength of the hydropower industrial chain with points and areas.

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