According to the current types of pesticide processing, the application methods are not the same. There are 16 methods commonly used.
(1) Spraying method. Powder spraying is the use of wind generated by machinery to blow low-concentration or pesticide powder diluted for fine soil onto the surface of crops and control objects. It is a relatively simple method for pesticide use. However, it is required to spray evenly and thoughtfully, so that the surface of crops and pests and grasses is covered with a very thin powder. Touch the blade with your finger to see a little powder on your finger. The advantages of the powder spraying method: 1 easy to operate, the tool is relatively simple; 2 high work efficiency; 3 no need to use water, can be prevented from water source restrictions, can be timely prevention; 4 crops are generally not easy to produce phytotoxicity. However, there are certain disadvantages: 1 The powder is easily lost by the wind and easily washed by the rain. Therefore, the amount of the powder adhered to the surface of the crop is reduced, the residual period of the medicament is shortened, and the control effect is reduced. 2 units consume more medicine, which is not economically cheaper than spraying. 3 polluting the environment and the personnel themselves.
(2) Spray method. Pesticide preparations such as emulsifiable concentrates, milk powders, suspensions, soluble powders, water-based preparations and wettable powders can be mixed into a certain amount of water to form a uniform emulsion, solution and suspension, etc. The liquid forms tiny droplets of water. The size of the droplets depends on the level of the spray water pressure, the size and shape of the nozzle aperture, and the size of the vortex chamber. Generally, the larger the water pressure, the smaller the nozzle aperture, and the smaller the vortex chamber, the smaller the diameter of the mist that is atomized. The greater the density of the droplets, the better the spreadability and adhesion of the cream, the milk powder, the suspension and the wettable agent than the powder, the leaching of the rainwater, the long residual period, and the dose of the contact with the pests. The greater the chances, the better the control will be. Before the 1950s, large-volume sprays were used to spray more than 50 liters per acre. However, spray technology has developed greatly in the past 10 years, mainly because of the promotion and application of ultra-low-volume spray technology in agricultural production. The amount of sprayed liquid will develop to a low-capacity trend, and the amount of liquid sprayed per acre is only 0.1~2 liters. At present, countries with relatively developed foreign industries often use small passenger spray methods because they have many advantages: 1 less liquid consumption; 2 less labor; 3 less mechanical power consumption; 4 higher work efficiency; 5 high control effect; High efficiency.
(3) poison bait method. The bait is mainly used to control underground pests that are harmful to the seedlings of crops and are active on the ground. Such as small tigers and houseworms, house flies and other health pests. It is made by mixing pests, rodents and pesticides that are eaten by rats, and attracting them to feed them to achieve the purpose of poisoning. For example, 90% crystal trichlorfon 1 per acre can be dissolved in a small amount of water, and 40 grams of chopped fresh grass is mixed. In the evening, it is scattered in the vicinity of cotton seedlings or corn seedling roots, and its control effect is remarkable. As bait for bait, wheat bran, rice bran, corn chips, bean cake, sawdust, grass and leaves, etc., no matter which one is used as bait, it must be ground and chopped. It is best to fry these baits until they can make aroma.昧, and then mix the pesticide to make a bait (the hen oil or sugar is best added to the bait of the rodent and the housefly), so as to better trap the pests and rodents, house flies and the like.
In addition, the poisonous valley is mainly used to control underground pests such as cockroaches and golden worms. Because the preparation of poisonous valleys requires food, etc., it is not widely used now. In fact, poisonous valleys are also a kind of poison baits. Recently, some new pesticides can be directly used for seed dressing or toxic soil in the soil, which can effectively control some underground pests.
(4) Seed treatment method. Seed treatment has four methods of seed dressing, debt intrusion, soaking seeds and stuffing. 1 seed dressing method. Mostly it is treated with powder and granules. Seed dressing is to use a kind of quantitative agent and quantitative seed, and install it in the seed dresser, stir and mix, so that each seed can be evenly coated with a layer of powder. After sowing, the agent can gradually play a defense against bacteria or The effectiveness of pests, this treatment method is very effective in controlling the bacteria on the surface of the hand or preventing pests in the seedling stage of the underground pests, and the dosage is small. Save labor and reduce pollution to the atmosphere. For example, in 1500-2000 grams of water, 50% phoxim or 50% monocrotophos 100g can be used to control underground pests such as cockroaches. The efficacy period can be maintained for more than 30 days. For example, the amount of cottonseed per acre is evenly mixed with 3% Keweiwei granules. After mixing, it can be sown to control aphids in cotton seedlings; the effect is very good, and the efficacy period can be maintained for more than 60 days. The mixed seeds usually need to be stuffed for a day or two, so that the seeds can absorb as much as possible of the medicament, which will improve the effect of disease prevention and insecticide, and 2 soaking methods. Immerse seeds or seedlings in a certain concentration of liquid medicine, and after a certain period of time, the seeds or seedlings absorb the medicine to prevent the bacteria or seedlings on the inside and outside of the treated seeds and seedlings, for example, using 40% bacteria. 4kg of gelatin suspension is 500kg of water, 0.4% of liquid medicine, 200kg of cotton seed, about 10~15 hours, stirring 1~2 times, remove and drain or prepare for drying. The effect on the control of cotton blight and verticillium wilt is very significant. 3 impregnation method. Spread the seeds that need to be treated on the ground, the thickness is about 16.6 cm (5 inches), then spray the diluted liquid evenly on the seeds, and constantly flip them, so that the seeds are all wet, and the mats are piled up for a day. After the drug solution is absorbed by the seed, it is sown. Although this method is very simple, it can also meet the requirements of soaking seeds. 4 stuffy method. Insecticide fungicide mixed with smuggling disease prevention and control pests, add 200g 25% carbendazim in 1.5～2.5kg water, then add 0.2kg 50% monocrotophos, stir well and spray mixed wheat 50kg After mixing and suffocating for 6 hours, it can achieve the effect of both disease prevention and insecticide.
(5) Soil treatment method. Spread on the soil or green manure crops, then plow the soil into the soil, or use the medicine to ditch or pour the roots of the plants to kill or inhibit the pests and diseases in the soil. For example, using 2.5% trichlorfon powder 2 ~ 2.5 kg mixed fine soil 25 grams, sprinkled on the green manure, with the ploughing, it is very effective for the prevention and control of small tigers, and 3% grams of Budweiser granules per acre The agent is 1.5 to 2 dry grams, and is spread in the rhizosphere of corn, soybean and sugar cane, which can effectively control various pests on the above crops.
(6) Fumigation method. The use of chemicals to produce toxic gases, in the closed conditions, used to eliminate wheat moths, bean elephants, è°· ç›—, red bollworms and the like in the stored grain cotton. For example, fumigation of grain, cottonseed, broad beans, etc. with methyl bromide, 30 kg per 1,000 cubic meters of real storage in winter, fumigation for 3 days. Summer fumigation can be used less and the time can be shorter. In addition, fumigation can also be used in Daejeon. For example, using dichlorvos to make a poisonous stick can be applied to the branches of cotton plants, and some pests in the cotton boll period can be smoked.
(7) Fumigation method. The use of smoke from tobacco pesticides to control the application of harmful organisms. This method is applicable to the control of pests and diseases. This method can also be adopted for rodent control, but it cannot be used for weed control. Smoke is a very fine solid particle suspended in the air. Its important feature is that it can diffuse in space. Under the disturbance of airflow, it can diffuse into a larger space and a long distance. The sedimentation is slow and the particles can be deposited. At various parts of the target, including the back of the plant leaves, the control is better. The fumigation method is mainly used in closed small environments such as warehouses, houses, greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and large forests and orchards. There are five main airflow factors affecting the efficacy of fumigation: 1 The updraft causes the smoke to escape to the upper space and cannot stay on the ground or the surface of the crop, so the chalk cannot be exposed to the open field; 2 the inversion layer, the ground or the surface of the crop after sunset The heat is released, so that the air temperature near the ground or the surface of the crop is higher than the temperature of the ground or the surface of the crop, which is conducive to the retention of the smoke without dissipating quickly, so it is easy to release the smoke in the evening and early morning; The wind direction wind speed will change the flow direction and running speed and breadth of the smoke cloud. When the wind is small, the smoke can achieve better control effect; 4 sea breeze and land breeze, in the land adjacent to the water, the morning wind blows from the land to the water surface, which is called land wind; In the evening, the wind blows from the water to the land, which is called the sea breeze. During the alternating sea breeze and land breeze, the static wind area appears on the ground; 5 smoke is easy to be concentrated in low concave and cold areas. Research using the above airflow and topography can successfully use the fumigation method in the open field.
(8) Smoke method. Disperse the oil solution of the pesticide into a smoked application method. The smoke method must use special equipment to disperse the oily pesticide into a smoke state. Smoke generally refers to the dispersion of particles in the air of 0.1 to 10 microns in diameter. Particles are solids called smoke, and liquids are called fog. Smoke is a solid drug granule left behind by evaporation of a solvent in a liquid droplet. Due to the small particle size of the smoke, the suspension in the air takes a long time, the deposition distribution is uniform, and the control effect is higher than the general spray method and the dusting method.
(9) Schlafa. Dispensing the application method of granular pesticides. The granules are coarse and coarse, and are little affected by the airflow when applied. They are easy to land and basically do not drift. They are especially suitable for application on the ground, paddy fields and soil. Various methods can be used for withdrawal, such as unarmed throwing (low-poisoning agents), manpower-operated granulators, mobile-slapping machines, soil granulators, etc.
[10) Aircraft application method. A method of applying a pesticide liquid, a powder, a granule, a poison bait, etc. in a target area uniformly by an aircraft, which is also called an aerial application method. It is the most effective method of application, suitable for contiguous crops, orchards, forests, grasslands, barren beaches of aphids and beaches. Pesticide formulations suitable for aircraft spraying are powders, wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, suspending agents, dry suspensions, emulsifiable concentrates, liquids, oils, granules, and the like. Aircraft dusting is very rare due to the fine drift of the powder. Even if the powder is sprayed, it should be operated under the condition of smooth airflow in the morning. The powder of the aircraft powder is slightly thicker than the powder for the ground. Formulations that can be formulated as a suspension for water are used for high volume sprays and should be prevented from flocculation when mixed with other dosage forms. A dosage form such as emulsifiable oil which can be used as a lotion for water can be used for high-volume and low-volume spraying. When low-volume spraying, an appropriate amount of urea, potassium dioxygen phosphate or the like can be added to the spray liquid to reduce the evaporation of the mist. The oil agent is used directly for ultra low volume spray, and its flash point must not be lower than 70 °C.
Spraying insecticide on the aircraft can be sprayed with low capacity and ultra low volume; the application volume of low volume spray is 10-50 liters/ha; the application volume of ultra low volume spray is 1-5 liters/ha; The droplet coverage density is required to be 20/cm 2 or more. The aircraft sprays contact killing fungicides, generally using high-volume spray, the application liquid volume is more than 50 liters/ha; spraying the internal sterilizing agent can use low-volume spraying, the application liquid volume is 20-50 liters/ha. The aircraft sprays herbicides, usually with a low-volume spray, with a liquid application rate of 10 to 50 liters/ha, and a wettable powder of 40 to 50 liters/ha. The aircraft sprays rodenticides, usually in the forest areas and grasslands to poison baits or poison pills.
The time of application of the aircraft is usually half an hour after sunrise and half an hour before sunset. If conditions are available, it can also be used at night. Wind speed during operation: no more than 3 m / s of powder spray, no more than 4 m / s of spray or spray, and no more than 6 m / s of granules. The flying height and effective spray cap vary by model.
(11) Wipe the application method. This is a new use technology in the use of pesticides in recent years, and has been widely applied in herbicides. The specific application method is composed of a set of short, bare nylon ropes, and the end of the rope is connected with the herbicide liquid. Due to the flow of the capillary and gravity, the liquid flows into the medicine cord, and when the application machine spreads through the weeds In the field, the herbicide absorbed on the medicine cord can wipe the top of the growing weed, but it cannot be rubbed onto the shorter growing crop. The amount of herbicide used in the rubbing application method is much lower than that of ordinary sprays. Because the pesticide is applied to almost all of the weeds, the crop is not medicated, the mist does not drift, and the cost of prevention is also saved.
(12) Film application method. This method of application is mainly used on fruit trees. When apples are grown without bags, the number of rust fruits will multiply. At present, at home and abroad, when applying the apple fruit, apply a layer of mulching agent to cover the fruit surface with a film to prevent pests and diseases. At present, foreign materials have been sold abroad.
(13) Seed coating technology. It is coated with a coat of insecticide or fungicide to protect the seed and its subsequent growth and development from pests and diseases. At present, China Agricultural University and Jiangsu Wuxian Pesticide Factory have tried to prepare carbendazim seed coating agents.
(14) Hanging net application method. It is also used on fruit trees. It is woven into a mesh with fiber strands, immersed in the high concentration of the drug to be used, and then hangs on the fruit trees to be controlled to control the pests on the fruit trees. This method of application can achieve a prolonged period of efficacy, reduce the number of applications, and reduce the amount of medication.
(15) Floating surface application method. This is a newly developed pesticide use technology in recent years. It is made of expanded perlite as a carrier and processed into a surface floating agent with a particle size of about 60-100 mesh. At present, there are mainly methyl parathion floating surface floating agent, methamidophos surface floating agent, etc. This kind of application method has strong pertinence for the prevention and control of rice aphids, the drug effect is remarkable, and the efficacy period is longer.
(16) Controlled release application techniques. It is an important application technique for reducing dosage, reducing pollution, reducing crop residues and prolonging the efficacy of the drug. It has been estimated that controlled release drug application methods after 2000 may be the main method.
The development of pesticide use methods is a reflection of the development of pesticide formulations. In other words, the emergence of a new method of use must be backed by new pesticide formulations. They promote each other and complement each other.
(1) Spraying method. Powder spraying is the use of wind generated by machinery to blow low-concentration or pesticide powder diluted for fine soil onto the surface of crops and control objects. It is a relatively simple method for pesticide use. However, it is required to spray evenly and thoughtfully, so that the surface of crops and pests and grasses is covered with a very thin powder. Touch the blade with your finger to see a little powder on your finger. The advantages of the powder spraying method: 1 easy to operate, the tool is relatively simple; 2 high work efficiency; 3 no need to use water, can be prevented from water source restrictions, can be timely prevention; 4 crops are generally not easy to produce phytotoxicity. However, there are certain disadvantages: 1 The powder is easily lost by the wind and easily washed by the rain. Therefore, the amount of the powder adhered to the surface of the crop is reduced, the residual period of the medicament is shortened, and the control effect is reduced. 2 units consume more medicine, which is not economically cheaper than spraying. 3 polluting the environment and the personnel themselves.
(2) Spray method. Pesticide preparations such as emulsifiable concentrates, milk powders, suspensions, soluble powders, water-based preparations and wettable powders can be mixed into a certain amount of water to form a uniform emulsion, solution and suspension, etc. The liquid forms tiny droplets of water. The size of the droplets depends on the level of the spray water pressure, the size and shape of the nozzle aperture, and the size of the vortex chamber. Generally, the larger the water pressure, the smaller the nozzle aperture, and the smaller the vortex chamber, the smaller the diameter of the mist that is atomized. The greater the density of the droplets, the better the spreadability and adhesion of the cream, the milk powder, the suspension and the wettable agent than the powder, the leaching of the rainwater, the long residual period, and the dose of the contact with the pests. The greater the chances, the better the control will be. Before the 1950s, large-volume sprays were used to spray more than 50 liters per acre. However, spray technology has developed greatly in the past 10 years, mainly because of the promotion and application of ultra-low-volume spray technology in agricultural production. The amount of sprayed liquid will develop to a low-capacity trend, and the amount of liquid sprayed per acre is only 0.1~2 liters. At present, countries with relatively developed foreign industries often use small passenger spray methods because they have many advantages: 1 less liquid consumption; 2 less labor; 3 less mechanical power consumption; 4 higher work efficiency; 5 high control effect; High efficiency.
(3) poison bait method. The bait is mainly used to control underground pests that are harmful to the seedlings of crops and are active on the ground. Such as small tigers and houseworms, house flies and other health pests. It is made by mixing pests, rodents and pesticides that are eaten by rats, and attracting them to feed them to achieve the purpose of poisoning. For example, 90% crystal trichlorfon 1 per acre can be dissolved in a small amount of water, and 40 grams of chopped fresh grass is mixed. In the evening, it is scattered in the vicinity of cotton seedlings or corn seedling roots, and its control effect is remarkable. As bait for bait, wheat bran, rice bran, corn chips, bean cake, sawdust, grass and leaves, etc., no matter which one is used as bait, it must be ground and chopped. It is best to fry these baits until they can make aroma.昧, and then mix the pesticide to make a bait (the hen oil or sugar is best added to the bait of the rodent and the housefly), so as to better trap the pests and rodents, house flies and the like.
In addition, the poisonous valley is mainly used to control underground pests such as cockroaches and golden worms. Because the preparation of poisonous valleys requires food, etc., it is not widely used now. In fact, poisonous valleys are also a kind of poison baits. Recently, some new pesticides can be directly used for seed dressing or toxic soil in the soil, which can effectively control some underground pests.
(4) Seed treatment method. Seed treatment has four methods of seed dressing, debt intrusion, soaking seeds and stuffing. 1 seed dressing method. Mostly it is treated with powder and granules. Seed dressing is to use a kind of quantitative agent and quantitative seed, and install it in the seed dresser, stir and mix, so that each seed can be evenly coated with a layer of powder. After sowing, the agent can gradually play a defense against bacteria or The effectiveness of pests, this treatment method is very effective in controlling the bacteria on the surface of the hand or preventing pests in the seedling stage of the underground pests, and the dosage is small. Save labor and reduce pollution to the atmosphere. For example, in 1500-2000 grams of water, 50% phoxim or 50% monocrotophos 100g can be used to control underground pests such as cockroaches. The efficacy period can be maintained for more than 30 days. For example, the amount of cottonseed per acre is evenly mixed with 3% Keweiwei granules. After mixing, it can be sown to control aphids in cotton seedlings; the effect is very good, and the efficacy period can be maintained for more than 60 days. The mixed seeds usually need to be stuffed for a day or two, so that the seeds can absorb as much as possible of the medicament, which will improve the effect of disease prevention and insecticide, and 2 soaking methods. Immerse seeds or seedlings in a certain concentration of liquid medicine, and after a certain period of time, the seeds or seedlings absorb the medicine to prevent the bacteria or seedlings on the inside and outside of the treated seeds and seedlings, for example, using 40% bacteria. 4kg of gelatin suspension is 500kg of water, 0.4% of liquid medicine, 200kg of cotton seed, about 10~15 hours, stirring 1~2 times, remove and drain or prepare for drying. The effect on the control of cotton blight and verticillium wilt is very significant. 3 impregnation method. Spread the seeds that need to be treated on the ground, the thickness is about 16.6 cm (5 inches), then spray the diluted liquid evenly on the seeds, and constantly flip them, so that the seeds are all wet, and the mats are piled up for a day. After the drug solution is absorbed by the seed, it is sown. Although this method is very simple, it can also meet the requirements of soaking seeds. 4 stuffy method. Insecticide fungicide mixed with smuggling disease prevention and control pests, add 200g 25% carbendazim in 1.5～2.5kg water, then add 0.2kg 50% monocrotophos, stir well and spray mixed wheat 50kg After mixing and suffocating for 6 hours, it can achieve the effect of both disease prevention and insecticide.
(5) Soil treatment method. Spread on the soil or green manure crops, then plow the soil into the soil, or use the medicine to ditch or pour the roots of the plants to kill or inhibit the pests and diseases in the soil. For example, using 2.5% trichlorfon powder 2 ~ 2.5 kg mixed fine soil 25 grams, sprinkled on the green manure, with the ploughing, it is very effective for the prevention and control of small tigers, and 3% grams of Budweiser granules per acre The agent is 1.5 to 2 dry grams, and is spread in the rhizosphere of corn, soybean and sugar cane, which can effectively control various pests on the above crops.
(6) Fumigation method. The use of chemicals to produce toxic gases, in the closed conditions, used to eliminate wheat moths, bean elephants, è°· ç›—, red bollworms and the like in the stored grain cotton. For example, fumigation of grain, cottonseed, broad beans, etc. with methyl bromide, 30 kg per 1,000 cubic meters of real storage in winter, fumigation for 3 days. Summer fumigation can be used less and the time can be shorter. In addition, fumigation can also be used in Daejeon. For example, using dichlorvos to make a poisonous stick can be applied to the branches of cotton plants, and some pests in the cotton boll period can be smoked.
(7) Fumigation method. The use of smoke from tobacco pesticides to control the application of harmful organisms. This method is applicable to the control of pests and diseases. This method can also be adopted for rodent control, but it cannot be used for weed control. Smoke is a very fine solid particle suspended in the air. Its important feature is that it can diffuse in space. Under the disturbance of airflow, it can diffuse into a larger space and a long distance. The sedimentation is slow and the particles can be deposited. At various parts of the target, including the back of the plant leaves, the control is better. The fumigation method is mainly used in closed small environments such as warehouses, houses, greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and large forests and orchards. There are five main airflow factors affecting the efficacy of fumigation: 1 The updraft causes the smoke to escape to the upper space and cannot stay on the ground or the surface of the crop, so the chalk cannot be exposed to the open field; 2 the inversion layer, the ground or the surface of the crop after sunset The heat is released, so that the air temperature near the ground or the surface of the crop is higher than the temperature of the ground or the surface of the crop, which is conducive to the retention of the smoke without dissipating quickly, so it is easy to release the smoke in the evening and early morning; The wind direction wind speed will change the flow direction and running speed and breadth of the smoke cloud. When the wind is small, the smoke can achieve better control effect; 4 sea breeze and land breeze, in the land adjacent to the water, the morning wind blows from the land to the water surface, which is called land wind; In the evening, the wind blows from the water to the land, which is called the sea breeze. During the alternating sea breeze and land breeze, the static wind area appears on the ground; 5 smoke is easy to be concentrated in low concave and cold areas. Research using the above airflow and topography can successfully use the fumigation method in the open field.
(8) Smoke method. Disperse the oil solution of the pesticide into a smoked application method. The smoke method must use special equipment to disperse the oily pesticide into a smoke state. Smoke generally refers to the dispersion of particles in the air of 0.1 to 10 microns in diameter. Particles are solids called smoke, and liquids are called fog. Smoke is a solid drug granule left behind by evaporation of a solvent in a liquid droplet. Due to the small particle size of the smoke, the suspension in the air takes a long time, the deposition distribution is uniform, and the control effect is higher than the general spray method and the dusting method.
(9) Schlafa. Dispensing the application method of granular pesticides. The granules are coarse and coarse, and are little affected by the airflow when applied. They are easy to land and basically do not drift. They are especially suitable for application on the ground, paddy fields and soil. Various methods can be used for withdrawal, such as unarmed throwing (low-poisoning agents), manpower-operated granulators, mobile-slapping machines, soil granulators, etc.
[10) Aircraft application method. A method of applying a pesticide liquid, a powder, a granule, a poison bait, etc. in a target area uniformly by an aircraft, which is also called an aerial application method. It is the most effective method of application, suitable for contiguous crops, orchards, forests, grasslands, barren beaches of aphids and beaches. Pesticide formulations suitable for aircraft spraying are powders, wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, suspending agents, dry suspensions, emulsifiable concentrates, liquids, oils, granules, and the like. Aircraft dusting is very rare due to the fine drift of the powder. Even if the powder is sprayed, it should be operated under the condition of smooth airflow in the morning. The powder of the aircraft powder is slightly thicker than the powder for the ground. Formulations that can be formulated as a suspension for water are used for high volume sprays and should be prevented from flocculation when mixed with other dosage forms. A dosage form such as emulsifiable oil which can be used as a lotion for water can be used for high-volume and low-volume spraying. When low-volume spraying, an appropriate amount of urea, potassium dioxygen phosphate or the like can be added to the spray liquid to reduce the evaporation of the mist. The oil agent is used directly for ultra low volume spray, and its flash point must not be lower than 70 °C.
Spraying insecticide on the aircraft can be sprayed with low capacity and ultra low volume; the application volume of low volume spray is 10-50 liters/ha; the application volume of ultra low volume spray is 1-5 liters/ha; The droplet coverage density is required to be 20/cm 2 or more. The aircraft sprays contact killing fungicides, generally using high-volume spray, the application liquid volume is more than 50 liters/ha; spraying the internal sterilizing agent can use low-volume spraying, the application liquid volume is 20-50 liters/ha. The aircraft sprays herbicides, usually with a low-volume spray, with a liquid application rate of 10 to 50 liters/ha, and a wettable powder of 40 to 50 liters/ha. The aircraft sprays rodenticides, usually in the forest areas and grasslands to poison baits or poison pills.
The time of application of the aircraft is usually half an hour after sunrise and half an hour before sunset. If conditions are available, it can also be used at night. Wind speed during operation: no more than 3 m / s of powder spray, no more than 4 m / s of spray or spray, and no more than 6 m / s of granules. The flying height and effective spray cap vary by model.
(11) Wipe the application method. This is a new use technology in the use of pesticides in recent years, and has been widely applied in herbicides. The specific application method is composed of a set of short, bare nylon ropes, and the end of the rope is connected with the herbicide liquid. Due to the flow of the capillary and gravity, the liquid flows into the medicine cord, and when the application machine spreads through the weeds In the field, the herbicide absorbed on the medicine cord can wipe the top of the growing weed, but it cannot be rubbed onto the shorter growing crop. The amount of herbicide used in the rubbing application method is much lower than that of ordinary sprays. Because the pesticide is applied to almost all of the weeds, the crop is not medicated, the mist does not drift, and the cost of prevention is also saved.
(12) Film application method. This method of application is mainly used on fruit trees. When apples are grown without bags, the number of rust fruits will multiply. At present, at home and abroad, when applying the apple fruit, apply a layer of mulching agent to cover the fruit surface with a film to prevent pests and diseases. At present, foreign materials have been sold abroad.
(13) Seed coating technology. It is coated with a coat of insecticide or fungicide to protect the seed and its subsequent growth and development from pests and diseases. At present, China Agricultural University and Jiangsu Wuxian Pesticide Factory have tried to prepare carbendazim seed coating agents.
(14) Hanging net application method. It is also used on fruit trees. It is woven into a mesh with fiber strands, immersed in the high concentration of the drug to be used, and then hangs on the fruit trees to be controlled to control the pests on the fruit trees. This method of application can achieve a prolonged period of efficacy, reduce the number of applications, and reduce the amount of medication.
(15) Floating surface application method. This is a newly developed pesticide use technology in recent years. It is made of expanded perlite as a carrier and processed into a surface floating agent with a particle size of about 60-100 mesh. At present, there are mainly methyl parathion floating surface floating agent, methamidophos surface floating agent, etc. This kind of application method has strong pertinence for the prevention and control of rice aphids, the drug effect is remarkable, and the efficacy period is longer.
(16) Controlled release application techniques. It is an important application technique for reducing dosage, reducing pollution, reducing crop residues and prolonging the efficacy of the drug. It has been estimated that controlled release drug application methods after 2000 may be the main method.
The development of pesticide use methods is a reflection of the development of pesticide formulations. In other words, the emergence of a new method of use must be backed by new pesticide formulations. They promote each other and complement each other.
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