(1) Rim. Cooperate with the tire assembly to support the wheel portion of the tire.
(2) Offset. The distance from the center of the rim to the mounting surface of the spoke. There are positive offset, zero offset, and negative offset.
(3) rim. Maintain and support the rim portion of the tire.
(4) Bead seat. Contact with the bead of the tire to support the rim portion in the radial direction of the tire.
(5) Spokes. A mounting connection is made to the axle wheel to support the wheel portion of the rim.
(6) Valve hole. Install the hole in the tire valve.
(7) The bottom of the tank. In order to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the tire, pits of a certain depth and width are left on the rim.
3 Light alloy wheel forming method
(1) Low pressure casting. It is the most basic method and the more economical form. Low-pressure casting involves casting molten metal into a mold and hardening it.
(2) Back pressure casting. It is a more advanced casting method. It uses a strong vacuum to suck the metal into the mold, which is conducive to maintaining a constant temperature and eliminating impurities. There are no pores in the casting and the density is uniform and the strength is high.
(3) High pressure die casting (HCM). This manufacturing process produces near-forging effects. The RX/RY (size 381-508mm) series of aluminum wheels from the German manufacturer BBS is manufactured by the HCM method.
(4) Forging. This is the most advanced technology for making wheels. With a pressure of 6000t, the aluminum ingot is pressed into a wheel. This hub is 3 times stronger than ordinary aluminum wheels and 20% lighter.
(5) Roll forging (also called die forging). It is a kind of forging, which forges a blank of one wheel in a rolling shape. The rolled forged hub can greatly reduce the thickness of the material while maintaining sufficient strength. This is the highest level of wheel manufacturing. The BSH RSH series is rolled and forged.
4 Application and development of domestic light alloy wheels
China's light alloy wheel industry started late, but its development is extremely rapid. By 2002, the loading rate of light alloy wheels in China's cars was close to 45%. In the late 1980s, China’s first modern-scale Daika Wheel Manufacturing Co., Ltd. appeared in China. In the early 1990s, Nanhai Zhongnan Aluminum Alloy Wheel Co., Ltd. appeared in Guangdong. The production equipment and scale of these two manufacturers All have reached the world's first rank. The annual production capacity of Daika Wheel Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is 1.5 million pieces. Its domestic market includes the wheels of mainstream models of Shanghai Volkswagen, FAW-Volkswagen, Guangzhou Honda, Beijing Jeep, Changan Suzuki, etc. The international market covers Europe, America, Japan, More than ten countries and regions such as Australia. Nanhai Zhongnan Aluminum Alloy Wheel Co., Ltd. has developed more than 30 models and more than 400 specifications of automotive aluminum alloy wheels. Shanghai Wanfeng Auto Group has the largest aluminum alloy wheel production base in China, with an annual production capacity of 7 million aluminum alloy wheels. The domestically produced aluminum alloy wheel manufacturers also include Beijing Jinyongli Aluminum Wheel Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shanghai Jinheli Aluminum Wheel Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Nanjing Huadong Aluminum Wheel Co., Ltd., Nanjing Yuehua Wheel Co., Ltd., Shenyang Durui Wheel Co., Ltd. The company and Hurricane Aluminum Casting Co., Ltd. and so on.
5 Conclusion
With the increasing emphasis on energy consumption and environmental protection, lightweight vehicles have become one of the hot issues of concern to governments and auto manufacturers. In the international market, according to the data of the US Caesar Engineering Company, the demand for wheels of the world's aluminum alloy cars in 2000 has reached 110 million pieces. It is predicted that in the next 10 years, the aluminization rate of China's car wheels will reach or approach 50% of the developed countries. According to the national automobile industry's "10th Five-Year" development plan and medium and long-term development goals, it is estimated that by 2010, the total number of Chinese family cars will reach 14.66 million, of which the number of urban residents' home cars is about 14 million. By 2020, the number of Chinese family cars will reach 72 million. With the reduction of raw material costs, the advancement of forming technology, and the improvement of anti-corrosion technology, light alloy wheels will play an increasingly important role in the car lightweighting process. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the manufacture of light alloy automobile wheels.
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