U.S. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory PNNL recently developed a zinc iodine compound fluid battery. Compared to the next generation of conventional fluidic batteries for new energy storage and power grids, the energy density is more than twice that of the latter.
In the laboratory test certificate, the iodine-battery discharge capacity is 167 watt-hours per liter of electrolyte compared to 70 watt-hours for the zinc-bromine fluid battery and 15 to 25 watt-hours for the vanadium fluid battery. . Developers calculated that their new batteries could theoretically achieve higher discharges up to 322 watt-hours per liter of electrolyte, but only if the electrolyte solution quality continues to increase.
Like other fluid batteries, the zinc-iodine battery also consists of the anode and cathode respective electrolyte storage containers and the intermediate electrolyte mixing container. When the battery is depleted, the electrolyte components in the two reservoirs are the same, with Zn2 zinc ions and I-iodide ions. When the battery is fully charged, an I3-polyiodide ion is added to one of the reservoirs. When the battery is discharged, both electrolytes are pumped into the intermediate reaction vessel. In each battery cell, zinc ions pass over the permselective film and convert to metallic zinc, which adheres to the negative side of the battery. This process converts the chemical energy in the electrolyte into electrical energy.
In order to confirm the feasibility of this new concept battery, the experimenter made a small battery sample in the laboratory. They mixed the electrolyte, separated the black zinc iodine solution and the colorless zinc iodine solution, respectively, in two small bottles to simulate the storage container in the battery pack. The small bottles are connected by pumps and pipes. They put this 12-watt-capacity battery sample into a series of tests to determine the effect of zinc ion and iodide ion on battery capacity. The test results show that the energy storage capacity of this battery sample is much higher than that of the currently used zinc-bromine battery, vanadium battery and other fluid batteries. Compared to lithium-ion sulfide batteries, its capacity is still 70% higher.
In addition, zinc-iodine batteries are also safer than traditional batteries.
And can adapt to extreme weather. Of course, it also has the disadvantage that the metal zinc that grows continuously at the cathode precipitates and eventually it may become large until it comes in contact with the diaphragm. The research team hopes to solve the problem of metal zinc deposition by adding alcohol to the electrolyte.
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