Fertilization in the soil must be applied to the place where the roots can absorb; the fertilization outside the roots should be sprayed on the back of the leaves. The depth and extent of soil fertilization vary depending on the species, variety, rootstock, soil quality, age of the tree, and type of fertilizer. In principle, the fertilizer should be applied below the canopy.
At present, the following methods are usually used in soil fertilization in orchards.
1. Annular groove fertilization The annular ditch fertilization is to dip 40-50 cm wide and 50 cm deep in the annular groove 20-30 cm outside the canopy. This method is easy to operate, economical with fertilizer, but it is easy to cut horizontal roots when digging, and the fertilization range is small, and it is generally used for saplings.
2, radiation ditch fertilization radiation ditch fertilization is based on the trunk, 6-8 radiation ditch at the same distance from the edge of the canopy. The width of the ditch is 30-40 cm, and the ditch length depends on the size of the canopy. Generally 1/2 is in the crown, 1/2 is outside the crown, and the ditch depth varies depending on the site conditions. The mountain is 40-50 cm, and the beach is about 30 cm, gradually deepening from the inside to the outside. When fertilizing the next year, the ditching position should be changed.
3, strip-shaped ditch fertilization strip-shaped ditch fertilization is in the orchard line, between the plants or interlaced deep 50 cm, 40 cm wide ditch, the application of fertilizer, can also be combined with deep turn. It is easier to mechanize.
4, the whole garden fertilization in the whole garden fertilization is to spread the fertilizer evenly in the garden, and then into the soil. However, due to the shallow application, the root system is often turned upside down, and the root resistance is reduced; and the fertilization alternates with the radiation ditch, which may be insufficiently complementary. Adult orchard or densely planted orchard, this method is used when the root system has been covered.
5, external fertilization and external fertilization is a supplement to soil fertilization, and the rate of fertilization is fast. In particular, the application of trace elements is commonly carried out by this method. Commonly used leaf spray fertilizers, such as urea (0.2%-0.3%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.2%-0.3%0), borax (0.3%-0.5%), zinc chloride (0.2%), manganese sulfate (0.2%-0.3%), etc.
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