Generally, if it is suspected that there may be toxic airborne chemicals in a given area, the analysis process may take several days. However, scientists have now developed a device that they claim can analyze harmful gases from a safe distance within 10 seconds.
The tool was created by a team led by Ling Xing Yi, an associate professor at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.
She was inspired by an incident in 2017 that caused strong complaints from people across the United States about smelling like gas. It was not until a few days later that it was discovered that it was caused by volatile organic compounds produced by the factory. This lag is actually not uncommon, because the commonly used gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer air analysis process first requires manually collecting air samples, then performing laboratory-based actual analysis, and then spending hours to days.
Instead, the new device uses a chip made of porous metal organic framework nanomaterials, which can capture gas molecules in the area. Then, the laser is irradiated onto the chip to generate light in the form of lower energy when interacting with gas molecules. When the light is analyzed by a camera, its unique spectral characteristics are compared with the spectral characteristics of known poisonous gases, so that the user can determine whether these gases are nearby.
This process is called Raman spectroscopy and is usually limited to the testing of solids and liquids, because the chemicals in the air are often diluted to be undetectable. That's where the nanomaterial enters, because not only can it absorb gas molecules, but its metal nanoparticles also enhance the light generated around these molecules, resulting in an easy-to-read signal.
In addition, the laser and camera used in this process can currently be located up to 10 meters away from the chip, and this distance can be increased in future versions. Alternatively, the chip can be used to collect gas molecules in potentially hazardous areas and then analyze them in laboratory safety.
The university is now commercializing the technology. A paper on this research was recently published in the journal ACS Nano.
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