Energy storage batteries based on aqueous electrolytes have the characteristics of high safety, low cost and excellent rate performance, and have developed rapidly in recent years. However, the electrochemical window of the aqueous electrolyte is narrow (1.23 V), which leads to the relatively low operating voltage of this type of battery; and the selection of electrode materials for aqueous batteries is more stringent, and the stability and specific capacity need to be greatly improved. Bottlenecks such as low operating voltage and low energy density make the scale application of water-based batteries face huge challenges.
Recently, a scientific research team led by Liu Yu and Associate Researcher Chi Xiaowei, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, proposed the idea of ​​acid-base isolation electrolyte and double dissolution / deposition electrode reaction to construct a class with high energy density (1503 Wh kg-1, a new type of aqueous battery based on the positive electrode active material). The system uses a bipolar membrane to isolate the acid-alkaline electrolyte, and utilizes the dependence of the electrode potential on the pH value of the electrolyte to widen the electrochemical stability window of the full battery electrolyte to 3 V. At the same time, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are used. Dissolution / deposition reaction (negative electrode: Zn / Zn (OH) 42+; positive electrode: Mn2 + / MnO2), thus giving the theoretical specific capacities of positive and negative electrodes up to 616 mAh g-1 and 820 mAh g-1. Tests show that the battery has a high Coulomb efficiency (98.4%), excellent cycle performance (capacity retention rate after 1500 cycles of 97.5%) and rate characteristics. The flow battery constructed based on this reaction system showed very little attenuation, and the capacity retention rate was 99.5% after 6000 cycles. Related research results were published in "Advanced Energy Materials" (Advanced Energy Materials), 2020, DOI: 10.1002 / aenm.201903589, and were introduced on the cover of the journal. The research also provides new ideas for the development of high-voltage, high-specific-energy aqueous batteries.
The first author of this work is Liu Chang, a doctoral student at Shanghai Silicate, and his tutor is Liu Yu. This work was supported by related projects from the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Reaction schematic diagram of high specific energy aqueous battery based on acid-base isolation electrolyte-dual dissolution / deposition electrode reaction
The main electrochemical performance of the new high specific energy aqueous battery
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