Abstract 1. Hierarchical structural complexity in nanoparticles (Emergenceofhierarchicalstructivecomplexitiesinnanoparticlesandtheiras...
1. Hierarchical structure complexity in nanoparticles
(Emergence of hierarchical structural complexities in nanoparticles and their assembly)
Recently, Zeng et al. demonstrated that nanoparticle self-assembly can achieve the same level of hierarchy, complexity, and precision as biomolecules. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the precise assembly structure of the gold nanoparticles at the atomic, molecular, and nanoscale (246 gold nuclei with 80 p-methylbenzenethiolate surface ligands). They also identified the drivers and rules that guide this assembly behavior. The surface protective ligand can self-assemble into a rotating and parallel pattern through the CH...Ï€ interaction on the surface of the nanoparticle, and the symmetry and surface pattern density determine the direction in which the nanoparticles are stacked into crystals. Through hierarchical interactions and symmetry matching, simple modules can evolve into complex structures, representing a new phenomenon in nanoparticle systems. (Science DOI: 10.1126/science.aak9750)
2.Al2O3 layer effectively reduces the interface resistance of solid lithium battery
(Negatinginterfacial impedance in garnet-based solid-state Li metal batteries)
The garnet-type solid dielectric has attracted the attention of researchers due to its high ionic conductivity (1 mS/cm), excellent environmental stability and wide electrochemical stability window (6V vs. Li). However, there have been few reports of high performance solid state batteries made from such materials. The main challenge is the high solid-solid interface impedance between the garnet dielectric and the electrode material. Recently, Han et al. used the atomic layer deposition method to prepare ultra-thin Al2O3 to effectively solve the large interface resistance between lithium metal and garnet dielectric. Due to the reduced garnet sintering temperature and increased lithium ion conductivity, they chose garnet type Li7La2.75Ca0.25Zr1.75Nb0.25O12 (LLCZN). At room temperature, the interface resistance is reduced from 1710 Ω/cm2 to 1 Ω/cm2, which greatly reduces the interface resistance. Experimental and theoretical results show that the oxide layer wets the metal lithium and contacts the garnet dielectric surface and the lithiated Al2O3 interface, which promotes efficient lithium ion transport. At the same time, they demonstrated a lithium metal as the negative electrode, garnet as the dielectric and high voltage positive battery. (Nature Materials DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4821)
3. Materials used in solar fuels and chemical products
(Materials for solar fuels and chemicals)
Converting sunlight into fuels and chemicals is a promising way to store renewable energy, and photocatalytic technology represents an effective approach. However, there are numerous scientific challenges in the development of these technologies, including finding suitable light absorbing materials, developing more efficient electrocatalysts for hydrolysis and fuels, and understanding how catalyst interfaces work. Nørskov et al. reviewed recent milestones in these areas and key scientific challenges in terms of technology economy and sustainability, photon capture, catalyst design and integration. (Nature Materials DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4778)
4. Energy conversion mode and high efficiency photovoltaic cell materials
(Energy conversion approaches and materials for high-efficiencyphotovoltaics)
In the past five years, photovoltaic costs have decreased significantly and conversion efficiency has increased significantly. Photovoltaics has been identified as one of the lowest cost ways to generate electricity in the future. With industrial development, the increasingly clear problem is the reduction in area-related costs, such as packaging costs and on-site placement costs. These costs are gradually becoming an important part of the total cost of photovoltaic power generation. This means that there is a need in the industry to improve single-junction solar cells, which are currently dominated by commercial use, whose energy conversion efficiency is limited to less than 30% by Shockley-Queisser. Green et al. evaluated multiple approaches and their prospects for potential breakthroughs based on ultimate efficiency and material needs. (NatureMaterials DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4676)
5. Energy and fuel from the electrochemical interface
(Energy and fuels from electrochemical interfaces)
Advances in solid-liquid interfaces are critical to driving technological innovation and harnessing reliable, affordable environmentally friendly energy. Markovic et al. reviewed the research progress in the efficient electrolysis of hydrogen, oxygen production and new materials for fuel cells. They believe that the degree of understanding of the synergistic effects between covalent and non-covalent interactions is the basis for the design and regulation of practical catalysts. Common metrics, such as the base-hydrogen-oxygen binding energy and the interaction between the hydroxide-oxide and the H-OH bond, control the hydrogen and oxygen, respectively, and control the efficiency of water-based energy conversion and storage. . The relationship between the water system and the organic environment they established is important for promoting the development of fuel cells and other batteries. (Nature Materials DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4738)
6. Dynamic Reconfiguration Drives Nanoporous Gold-Silver Alloy Catalyst
(Dynamic restructuring drives catalytic activity on nanoporous gold–silver alloy catalysts)
Bimetallic nanostructured materials have great potential for improving catalytic activity and selectivity, while little is known about the dynamic composition and structural changes in the effective catalytic pretreatment process. Zugic et al. used ozone to activate silver-gold alloys to study the bimetallic behavior of activation to produce functional catalysis. They observed that the catalytic activity was caused by the dynamic change of the alloy. In situ electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that major remodeling and compositional changes occur along the catalytic functional pathway. Transient kinetic testing establishes the relationship between remodeling and three oxygen forms. They also studied the effects of surface silver concentration and remodeling changes. These results indicate that the characterization of dynamic changes is necessary to unlock the application potential of bimetallic catalyst materials. (Nature Materials DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4824)
7. The road to sustainable energy
(Thepath towards sustainable energy)
With the enhancement of human energy use, human civilization is also making continuous progress. A series of industrial and agricultural revolutions have prompted an ever-increasing population to increase energy consumption in the process of warming and illuminating homes, cultivating and irrigating crops, interconnecting and traveling around the world. All of these processes are based on the discovery, extraction and use of energy by humans. Based on the generation, transformation and transportation of clean energy, as well as the storage of electrical and chemical energy, energy efficiency and better energy management systems, materials science research is constantly moving towards a sustainable direction. Zhu et al. reviewed the development and future opportunities of new materials from photovoltaic devices, batteries, solar and chemical fuels. (NatureMaterials DOI: DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4834)
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