At present, as the summer harvest enters a climax, summer seeds and summer tubes are on the agenda. In order to strengthen the scientific fertilization guidance for the main summer crops, improve the efficiency of fertilizer use, and promote crop yield increase, farmers' income increase and sustainable agricultural development, the Ministry of Agriculture recently released the "2012 Summer Major Crop Science Fertilization Technology Guidance Opinion"
The scientific fertilization technical guidance is based on the characteristics of the main crops in the summer, according to the characteristics of the main crops in the summer, and the results of the soil testing and fertilization project are the main basis. It proposes fertilization principles for the classification of summer crops such as summer maize, northern potato, and bananas and vegetables in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southern China, and combines the soil characteristics of different regions, the planting patterns and target yields of different crops. The number, proportion and precautions of the corresponding fertilization were proposed in sub-regions and sub-species.
The Ministry of Agriculture's expert group on soil testing and formula fertilization recommends that all localities should focus on the three goals of “promoting production, improving efficiency and ensuring safetyâ€, insisting on increasing fertilization, economic fertilization, environmental fertilization, combining scientific fertilization with fertility and high yield. The combination of high-quality cultivation techniques, combined with mechanized operations, promotes deep pine tillage, straw returning, soil improvement, application of organic fertilizers, etc., rationally manages fertilizer and water management, and guides farmers to gradually achieve accurate fertilization, reasonable fertilization structure, and fertilization period. Appropriate and fertilizing methods are appropriate to continuously improve fertilizer utilization.
Expert Group on Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture
In combination with the characteristics of fertilizers for main crops in summer, the expert group of soil testing and fertilization technology of the Ministry of Agriculture used the results of the soil testing and fertilization project to study and formulate the “Guidelines for the Science and Fertilization Technology of Main Crops in Summer 2012†to guide localities to determine different regions and different crops according to local conditions. Economically and rationally apply fertilizer amount, optimize fertilization period, and adopt scientific fertilization method to improve fertilizer utilization rate.
Guiding opinions on scientific fertilization techniques for double-season late rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
Fertilization principle
(1) Total nitrogen fertilizer control, applied in stages, appropriate reduction of base fertilizer, increase of tiller fertilizer and ear fertilizer.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen". (3) Implementing straw returning to the field and adding organic fertilizer. (4) Efficient application of potassium fertilizer for soil potassium status; attention to the combined application of zinc, boron and silicon fertilizer.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) For the field with a target yield of 500 kg/mu or more, apply nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12 to 14 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 to 5 kg/mu, and potash fertilizer (K2O) 5 to 7 kg/mu; target For the field of 400-500 kg/mu, apply nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10~12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~4 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 4-6 kg/mu; target yield is 400 For the field below kg/mu, apply nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8~10 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O52~3 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 2~3 kg/mu.
(2) 40% to 50% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, 20% to 30% for the tiller fertilizer, 30% for the panicle fertilizer application; all the phosphate fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer; under normal circumstances, all the potassium fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer, However, in the field with a target yield of 500 kg/mu or more, 70% of the potash fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, and 30% is used as the spike fertilizer.
(3) In the field of straw returning to the field in normal years, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be appropriately reduced. On the zinc-deficient and boron-deficient fields, each kilogram is supplemented with 1 kg of zinc sulfate and borax, respectively. The zinc fertilizer is applied separately from the phosphate fertilizer. Appropriate application of silicon fertilizer, generally about 10 kg per acre.
3. Precautions
(1) Implementing straw returning to the field. After the early rice harvest, all the straws are directly spread evenly in situ. At the same time, after applying the base fertilizer and the straw decomposing agent, the paddy field is immediately irrigated for 5 to 7 days, and no-tillage throwing or rotary tiller is used to rotate the whole field to plant late rice. The amount of straw returned to the field is 300-400 kg.
(2) Improve acid soil. In the field with soil pH ≤ 5.5, combined with the application of lime or alkaline soil conditioner, the application of lime is generally 50-70 kg. (3) Increase the thickness of the plough layer. In the thinner fields, deep-plow measures are taken to break the bottom of the plow. In the fields that are too fertile or heavily cultivated, ridge cultivation measures are taken to increase the effective tillage layer, coordinate the water and heat, and promote rice growth.
Guiding Opinions on Scientific Fertilization Technology for Summer Maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Region
Fertilization principle
(1) Take measures to control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and regulate the amount of the period.
(2) Rational application of potassium fertilizer according to soil potassium status. Pay attention to the combination of zinc, boron and other trace elements.
(3) Implement straw returning to the field and fertilize the soil.
(4) Combine with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques to implement deep application of chemical fertilizers.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) For the target yield of 800 kg/mu or more, the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 16-18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6-8 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 5-8 kg/ Mu, zinc sulfate 1 ~ 2 kg / mu. The target yield is 600-800 kg/mu, the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 14-16 kg/mu, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 4-6 kg/mu, and the potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 4-7 kg/mu. Zinc sulfate 1 to 2 kg / mu. The target yield is 400-600 kg/mu, the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 12-14 kg/mu, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 3-5 kg/mu, and the potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 0-5 kg/mu. Zinc sulfate 1 kg / mu. The target yield is 400 kg/mu or less. The application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is recommended to be 10 to 12 kg/mu, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 2 to 3 kg/mu, and the potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 0 to 3 kg/mu.
(2) 30% to 50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing, 50% to 70% as the topping period and the filling stage. Generally, when the total nitrogen (N) is more than 14 kg per mu, it is divided into two top dressings. However, when the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is low, it is only applied in the big bell mouth; phosphorus, potassium and zinc fertilizers are all applied as base fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. Apply separately. In the field where the former crops have more phosphorus or the soil available phosphorus is rich, the amount of phosphate fertilizer is appropriately reduced.
3. Precautions In the plots directly sown after the wheat straw is returned to the field, care should be taken to avoid straw mulching and to prevent the growth of maize seedlings and seedlings. If it is sown after the straw is turned over, the rotary tiller can be used to complete the straw tumbling and returning to the corn and sowing.
North potato scientific fertilization technical guidance
Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer and apply organic and inorganic compounding.
(2) According to the soil fertility status, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be appropriately adjusted.
(3) Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied in stages, and the proportion and dosage of potato in the middle growth period are appropriately increased.
(4) Fertilizer application of potatoes in the arid regions of northern China should be combined with irrigation techniques and comprehensive cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) Using Sprinkler irrigation or conventional irrigation, the target yield of potato tubers is 2000-2500 kg/mu, the application of organic fertilizer (farm fertilizer) is 2000 kg, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 15-18 kg, and phosphate fertilizer (P2O5). 6 to 8 kg, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 15 to 18 kg.
(2) Using drip irrigation method, the target yield of potato tuber is 2000-2500 kg/mu, the application of organic fertilizer (farm fertilizer) is 2000 kg, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 13-15 kg, and the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-6. Kilograms, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 12 to 15 kg.
(3) Plots without irrigation conditions, the target yield of potato tubers is 1000 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 7-8 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~4 kg, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 6-8 kg .
(4) Using sprinkler irrigation and conventional irrigation methods, 30% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as seed fertilizer, 60% is applied in potato bud stage, 10% is applied in full bloom period; phosphate fertilizer is used as seed fertilizer; potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer Or 50% of the base chase (the current bud period). For the plots using drip irrigation technology, 10% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the seedling stage, 80% is applied in the bud to full bloom period, 10% is applied at the end of the flowering stage; the phosphate fertilizer is used as the seed fertilizer; the potassium fertilizer can be applied in different times, and the nitrogen fertilizer Appropriate back migration compared to the time of administration. The fertilizer applied by the integrated method of water and fertilizer should have good solubility and avoid the use of chlorine-containing fertilizers.
Banana scientific fertilization technical guidance
1. Fertilization principles (1) Adopting thin application and key fertilization methods in key periods.
(2) Nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizers are combined. During the second half of banana growth, potassium should be re-applied and nitrogen supply controlled.
(3) Treat the new and old banana gardens differently during the fertilization period. In the newly planted banana garden, the application of seedling-promoting fertilizer, attacking bud fertilizer, promoting bud fertilizer and strong fruit fertilizer is the main; in the perennial banana garden, the application of attacking bud fertilizer, attacking bud fertilizer, promoting bud fertilizer and strong fruit fertilizer is emphasized.
(4) Using fertigation techniques, 30% of the fertilizer input can be reduced as appropriate.
(5) Add foliar fertilizer to meet the demand for micronutrient elements in bananas. Apply lime, adjust soil pH, supplement soil calcium nutrition, and kill harmful bacteria.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) Banana plantation with a target yield of 5,000 kg/mu or more, 3 to 5 square meters of organic fertilizer, 45 to 55 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 17 to 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), and 90 to 110 kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O) . The target yield is 3,000-5,000 kg/mu banana plant, 3 yuan/mu of organic fertilizer is applied, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 30-45 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8-15 kg, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 60-90 kg. The banana plantation with a target output of 3,000 kg/mu or less is applied with 3 organic fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18-30 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6-8 kg, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 33-47 kg.
(2) Acid soil improvement. In the acid soil banana garden, apply 30-60 kg of lime per acre and 25-30 kg of magnesium sulfate before planting, and mix it with organic fertilizer; in the banana garden lacking boron and zinc, apply borax 0.5-0.75 kg per acre. Zinc sulfate is 1 to 1.5 kg.
(3) Fertilization by stages. During the growth period of banana vegetative body, the amount of fertilizer applied accounted for 30% of the total fertilization amount, the bud period accounted for 40% to 45%, and the fruit development period to the harvest period accounted for 25% to 30%. The annual fertilization frequency of bananas is suitable from 12 to 15 times, including 4 to 5 times of heavy fertilizer and 7 to 10 times of thin fertilizer. The integration of water and fertilizer can increase the number of fertilization.
3. Management of banana fertilization period
(1) Due to the growth of the land, the bananas were administered during the fertilization period. In the newly planted banana garden, the strong bud fertilizer applies 90 kg of urea per mu, 120 kg of potassium chloride, or 200 kg of low-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer with equivalent nutrient, applied in 4 to 5 times, once every half month; The strong fruit fertilizer applies 20 kg of urea per mu, 50 kg of potassium chloride and 20 kg of calcium nitrate, which are applied in 2 times.
(2) During the key fertilization period of spring planting bananas, during the transplanting of bananas, the end of May, the flower bud differentiation period from July to August, and the strong fruiting period in November, the proportion of fertilization should be mainly distributed, and the application should be carried out in small quantities; the key fertilization period of summer and autumn bananas The flower bud differentiation period is in late October, early March and May to July.
(3) Strengthen the integrated management of water and fertilizer. The trace elements boron and zinc are supplemented by foliar fertilization. The whole growth period is sprayed 3 to 4 times, and sprayed once at 22 leaves, 28 leaves, 32 leaves and 38 leaves.
Guiding Opinions on Scientific Fertilization Technology for Double-season Late Rice in South China
1. Fertilization principle (1) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the amount of nitrogen applied in the early stage, increase the amount of nitrogen applied in the middle and later stages, and increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
(2) Reasonable ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, organic and inorganic combination, and implementation of rice straw returning to the field.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) The target yield is 450-550 kg/mu, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is recommended to be 9-11 kg/mu, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 2~3 kg/mu, and the potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 6-8 kg/ mu. The target output is between 450 kg and 550 kg. For each target increase or decrease of 50 kg/mu, it is necessary to increase or decrease the nitrogen fertilizer (N) by 1.1 to 1.3 kg.
(2) Application of nitrogen fertilizer in stages, base fertilizer accounts for 40% to 50%, tiller fertilizer accounts for 20% to 25%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20% to 30%, and granular fertilizer accounts for 5% to 10%; organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are all applied as base. 60% of potash is used as base fertilizer and 40% is applied as panicle fertilizer.
(3) In the field of straw returning to the field, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be appropriately reduced by 30%.
3. Precautions
(1) Improve acid soil. In the field with soil pH ≤ 5.5, combined with the application of lime or alkaline soil conditioner, the application of lime is generally 50-70 kg.
(2) Implementing straw returning to the field. After the early rice harvest, the straw is directly spread evenly in situ. At the same time, after applying the base fertilizer and the straw decomposing agent, the paddy field is immediately irrigated for 5 to 7 days, and the amount of straw per field is 300-400 kg.
(3) Targeted reduction of fertilization. When the soil alkaline nitrogen reaches 260 mg / kg, the available phosphorus reaches 40 mg / kg, and the effective potassium reaches 155 mg / kg, nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizers may not be applied or applied.
Vegetable science fertilization technical guidance
(1) Processing of Tomatoes in Northwest China 1. Principles of Fertilization (1) Add organic fertilizers and apply organic and inorganic compounds.
(2) According to the soil nutrient status, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be appropriately adjusted to increase the proportion of potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer.
(3) Promote the integrated technology of water and fertilizer for drip irrigation under film, using the submerged drip irrigation field, the amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer is reduced by 1/5 to 1/4 compared with the general irrigation.
(4) Spray the boron fertilizer at the initial flowering stage. In the early stages of the results, apply or spray calcium fertilizer.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) Adopting furrow irrigation, the target yield is 8000 kg/mu or more in tomato garden, applying nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18-20 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8-10 kg, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 15-18 kg; target yield is 6,000-8,000 kg/mu tomato garden, applying nitrogen fertilizer (N) 16-18 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7-9 kg, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 10-12 kg; target yield of 4000-6000 kg/mu tomato In the garden, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 14 to 16 kg, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 6 to 8 kg, and the potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 8 to 10 kg.
(2) Take the sub-film drop, the target yield is 8000 kg/mu or more in the tomato garden, apply nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15~18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7-8 kg, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 12-15 kg The target yield is 6,000-8000 kg/mu tomato garden, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 12-15 kg, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 6-7 kg/mu, and the potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 8-12 kg/mu; the target yield is For tomato plants of 4000-6000 kg/mu, 10 to 12 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 5-6 kg of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), and 6-8 kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O).
(3) Determination of the proportion of fertilization under different irrigation methods and different application periods. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in furrow irrigation method is based on 40% as base fertilizer, 30% as top dressing in full bloom period, 30% as top dressing in fruit expansion period; phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are all used as base fertilizer. Under the film drip irrigation method, nitrogen fertilizer application, according to 20% as base fertilizer, 80% as top dressing distribution, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer from the first ear flowering, every 5 to 7 days, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer once, for 6 times, the first 3 times each time The amount of each accounted for 15% to 20% of the total nitrogen, and the amount of fertilizer applied to each of the last 3 times was 10% to 15% of the total nitrogen; the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer were all used as the base fertilizer, and about 40% of the soluble phosphorus was also available. Potassium fertilizer is used as top dressing.
(4) In the initial flowering stage of tomato, spray the boron fertilizer on the foliar surface, apply 0.05 kg of borax per acre, spray once every 7 days for 3 consecutive times; at the beginning of the result, spray the water-soluble calcium fertilizer 0.15 kg/ The acre is sprayed once every 7 days for 3 times; in the full flowering period, the leaf surface is sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 1 or 2 times, each time being 1 kg/mu. Foliar application of various fertilizers can be mixed and applied to reduce the number of field operations.
(two) radish 1. Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil fertility status and the determined target yield, optimize the application rate and proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, pay special attention to adjust the dosage of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and increase the application of potassium fertilizer.
(2) The effective content of trace elements such as manganese, zinc, boron and molybdenum in the northern calcareous soil is low, and the supplement of trace elements is emphasized.
(3) Add organic fertilizer, but avoid using organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) The target yield is 4,500-5,000 kg/mu, and the application of organic fertilizer (farm fertilizer) is 2 to 3 square meters, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 15 to 18 kg/mu, and phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 5 to 7 kg. (K2O) 12 to 14 kg. The target yield is 2500-3000 kg/mu of land, 2 to 3 square meters of organic fertilizer (farm fertilizer), 10 to 13 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 4 to 6 kg of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), and 10 to 6 kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O). 12 kg. The target yield is 1000-1500 kg/mu, and the application of organic fertilizer (farm fertilizer) is 1 to 2 square meters, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 6 to 9 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 3 to 5 kg, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 8 to 8 10 kg. For plots where no organic fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) may be increased by 3 to 4 kg and the potassium fertilizer (K2O) may be 2 to 3 kg.
(2) All organic fertilizers are applied as base fertilizer; 30% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 70% is used as topdressing in the rosette stage and fleshy root growth; phosphorus fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer; potassium fertilizer can be applied as base fertilizer, or 2/3 was applied as a base fertilizer, and 1/3 was applied as a top dressing in the early stage of growth of the fleshy roots.
(3) In the field of boron deficiency, apply 1 kg of borax, or spray 0.1% to 0.5% of borax or boric acid aqueous solution in the middle and late stages of radish growth, spray once every 5 to 6 days, even spray 2~ 3 times.
(three) carrots 1. Fertilization principles
(1) Carrot fertilization is based on base fertilizer and topdressing supplement. Organic and inorganic are combined, and a large amount of elemental nutrients are combined with medium and trace element nutrients to fertilize.
(2) Add high-quality organic fertilizer, choose grass ash with high potassium content, poultry livestock manure, rapeseed cake, etc., and avoid using organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed.
(3) According to the soil potassium status, pay attention to the application of potassium fertilizer, supplement calcium, boron, molybdenum and other trace elements nutrients.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) The target yield is above 4000 kg/mu, and the application of organic fertilizer (farm fertilizer) is 3 to 4 square meters, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 11 to 14 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 5 to 6 kilograms, and potassium fertilizer (K2O). 16 to 18 kg. The target yield is 2500-4000 kg of land, 2 to 3 square meters of organic fertilizer (farm fertilizer), 8-11 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 4-5 kg ​​of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), 13-15 kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O) . The target yield is 2500 kg/mu or less, the application of organic fertilizer (farm fertilizer) is 1 to 2 square meters, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 6-8 kg, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 3 to 4 kg, and the potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 10-13. kg.
(2) Organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are all applied as base fertilizer; 30%~50% of total nitrogen fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, 70%～50% is used twice as top dressing; 2/3 of total potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 1/ 3 is applied as a top dressing in the early stage of growth.
(3) 25 to 30 days before harvest, 2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre plus 100 kg of water for root dressing; for boron-deficient plots, spray once in the seedling stage, rosette stage and fleshy root expansion period A borax solution having a concentration of 0.2%; for a molybdenum-deficient block, a solution of ammonium molybdate at a concentration of 0.05% to 0.1% was sprayed twice.
(4) Open field peppers 1. Fertilization principle
(1) Adding high-quality organic fertilizer, paying attention to the combination of organic and inorganic, a large number of elemental nutrients and medium and trace element nutrients.
(2) Control the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, especially during the flowering period (during the opening of the first flower to the second fruiting period), it is necessary to control the application of nitrogen fertilizer to prevent falling flowers, fallen leaves and fruit falling.
(3) In the young fruit period and the harvesting period, it is necessary to replenish the quick-acting fertilizer in time to promote the expansion of the young fruit and promote the growth of the next batch of fruit. Avoid wet topdressing, topdressing at high temperatures at noon and too concentrated for topdressing.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) The target yield is above 4000 kg/mu, the application of organic fertilizer (farm fertilizer) 2 to 3 square meters, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18 to 20 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5 to 6 kg, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 13 to 15 kg. The target yield is 2000-4000 kg of land, 1 to 2 square meters of organic fertilizer (farm fertilizer), 15-18 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 4-5 kg ​​of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), and 10-12 kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O). . The target yield is below 2000 kg/mu, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 10-12 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 3~4 kg, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 8-10 kg.
(2) Organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are all applied as base fertilizer; 30% to 40% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, 70% to 60% is applied in 4 to 5 times; 50% to 60% of potassium fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, 40%~ 50% is applied as a top dressing.
(3) When the soil is acidified, lime can be applied to adjust the pH of the soil, and calcium is added. The phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate. Plants and fruits may be sprayed with 0.3% calcium chloride solution when calcium deficiency symptoms occur; 1% to 2% magnesium sulfate solution may be sprayed when magnesium deficiency symptoms occur; 0.2% borax solution may be sprayed when boron deficiency symptoms occur . Foliar fertilizer once every other week for 2 to 3 times.
(5) Facility cucumber 1. Fertilization principle
In view of the fact that the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the facility are generally high, it is easy to cause nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient accumulation in the soil, the imbalance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient supply and vegetable demand, and the reduction of cucumber yield and quality. The principle of fertilization is determined as follows:
(1) Apply organic fertilizer to improve the comprehensive soil fertility level.
(2) Combining base fertilizer and topdressing, in the critical period of nutrient demand and the maximum efficiency period, according to the demand for nutrients.
(3) Apply calcium and magnesium, boron and other trace element nutrients in a timely manner to prevent physiological diseases in the facility cucumber, affecting yield and quality.
(4) Fertilization and irrigation are closely combined to reduce nutrient loss and improve nutrient utilization. Under the film, the irrigation water volume does not exceed 30 cubic meters per mu, and the sand is generally suitable for 20 cubic meters.
2. Fertilization amount and proportion
(1) Determine the appropriate fertilizer type and amount based on the target yield. The target output is 4000-6000 kg/mu plot, the application of organic fertilizer (commercial organic fertilizer) is 500-800 kg, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 25-30 kg, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 8-12 kg, and the potash fertilizer (K2O) 30～ 35 kg. The target yield is 7000-10000 kg/mu plot, the application of organic fertilizer (commercial organic fertilizer) is 800-1000 kg, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 35-40 kg, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 15-20 kg, and the potash fertilizer (K2O) 35 ~40 kg. The target yield is 11,000-13000 kg/mu, and the application of organic fertilizer (commercial organic fertilizer) is 800-1000 kg, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 45-55 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 20-25 kg, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 40. ~ 45 kg. The target yield is 14000-16000 kg/mu, and the application of organic fertilizer (commercial organic fertilizer) is 1000-1500 kg, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 50-60 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 25-30 kg, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 45. ~ 50 kg.
(2) Fertilization in the early stage of cucumber, mainly controlled, to ensure the late growth. Organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are all applied as base fertilizer, 10%-20% of nitrogen fertilizer and 20%-30% of potash fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer. The remaining nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied in the initial flowering stage and the meloning stage according to nutrient demand. The amount of nitrogen applied (N) should not exceed 6 kg/mu.
(3) In the acidic soil plot, apply 100-150 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to correct the physiological calcium and magnesium deficiency of cucumber; in the boron-deficient plot, apply 0.5-0.75 kg of borax per acre or spray on the foliar surface. 0.15% to 0.2% borax solution.
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