Emergency rescue equipment overall equipment and resources

According to the “Regulations on the Management of Emergency Rescue Equipment (Trial)”, emergency equipment and resources are indispensable conditions for carrying out emergency rescue work. In order to ensure the effective implementation of emergency work, all emergency departments shall formulate standards for the allocation of emergency rescue equipment. China's research and development of rescue equipment started late, and a complete R&D system has not yet been formed. The quantity and quality of products need to be improved. In addition, due to differences in the level of development and importance of economic and technological development in different regions, there are major differences in the equipment. In general, there are mostly under-equipped and backward equipment. Normally do a good job in the safekeeping of equipment to ensure that the equipment is in a good state of use. Once an accident occurs, it can be used immediately.
The emergency rescue equipment should be equipped according to the respective emergency rescue missions and requirements. The selection of equipment should be based on practicality, functionality, durability and safety, as well as objective conditions.
Equipment for accident emergency rescue can be divided into two categories: basic equipment and special rescue equipment .
1 basic equipment
(1) Emergency communications equipment . At present, the communication equipment used in China's emergency rescue is generally divided into two types: wired and wireless. In rescue work, two sets of wireless and wired devices are often used in conjunction. Mobile phones (mobile phones) and landline phones are commonly used tools in communication. They are used quickly and have become a common tool in social assistance. The intercom can also be used in close communication links. In addition, the application of the facsimile machine shortens the distance of the space, so that the relevant information required for the rescue work can be timely transmitted to the scene of the accident.
(2) Traffic rescue tools. Good means of transportation is a reliable guarantee for the implementation of rapid rescue. Cars and aircraft are commonly used as the main means of transport in emergency rescue operations.
In foreign countries, helicopters and special rescue aircraft have become routine transportation tools for emergency rescue centers. They are used in rescue operations to improve the rapid mobility of rescue operations. At present, China's rescue teams mainly use vehicles as vehicles. In long-range rescue operations, they rely on civil aviation and railway transportation. In the sea and river water networks, ambulance boats are also commonly used vehicles. In addition, any means of transport, as long as it is beneficial to rescue work, can be used, such as: all kinds of cars, animal carts, and even rickshaws.
(3) Lighting equipment . The scene of major accidents is more complex and requires good lighting when implementing rescue operations. Therefore, it is necessary to equip the rescue team with the necessary lighting tools to facilitate the smooth progress of the rescue work.
There are many types of lighting devices. In addition to considering the brightness of lighting when equipped with lighting tools, it is also necessary to pay attention to the safety and reliability of the information based on the accident scene. Such as flashlights used in engineering rescue should choose explosion-proof light .
(4) Protective equipment. Effectively protect yourself and achieve the results of the rescue work. In the emergency response and rescue operations, all types of rescue personnel must be equipped with personal protective equipment. Personal protective equipment can be divided into gas masks, protective clothing, ear plugs, and safety belts. In poisonous rescue sites, rescue commanders, medical personnel, and other rescue workers who do not enter the polluted area are equipped with filter-type gas masks. Rescue workers entering contaminated areas such as engineering, firefighting, and detection shall be equipped with sealed gas masks. At present, positive pressure air respirator is commonly used.
2 special equipment
Special equipment mainly refers to special tools (articles) used by professional rescue teams. In the event of an emergency, a large number of emergency equipment and resources need to be used. Without adequate equipment and material safeguards, such as the absence of fire-fighting equipment, personal protective equipment, equipment for cleaning up spills, or inappropriate equipment selection, even well-trained emergency personnel cannot help with disasters. With the advancement of science and technology, there are now many new types of specialized equipment, such as fire fighting robots and electronic leak detectors.
In addition to the principles of practicality, durability, and safety, the professional rescue teams should also sum up their experience and develop some simple and feasible rescue tools. In terms of engineering rescue, some simple and feasible rescue tools often produce unexpected and better results.
Detection and inspection equipment should be characterized by rapidity and accuracy. The development of modern electronics and computer technology has resulted in a number of new types of detection equipment. The detection equipment should be equipped with the characteristics of the rescue accident. In chemical rescue, detection tubes and special gas detectors are widely used. The advantages are rapid, safe, easy to operate, and easy to carry. The disadvantage is that they have certain limitations. In foreign countries, special monitoring vehicles are used. In addition to samplers and monitoring instruments, a computer processing system is also equipped to carry out timely analysis and treatment of water, air, and soil samples, to detect the concentration of poisons and poisons in time, and to calculate Various rescue data, such as the scope of relief, are needed for rescue. In the coal mine rescue, gas detectors are often used.
The selection of medical emergency and emergency medicines should be targeted and configured as required. Emergency medicines, especially special and antidote medicines, should be prepared with a certain amount of detoxification medicines according to the types of chemical poisons. To meet the health needs of disasters, WHO has developed emergency health kit standards, consisting of two drug lists and a list of clinical equipment. There is also an instruction manual that has been adopted by national authorities and aid organizations.
The necessary emergency equipment and tools necessary for the accident scene are:
(1) Fire-fighting equipment : water delivery devices, hoses, sprinklers, self-contained breathing apparatus, portable fire extinguisher, etc.;
(2) Control equipment for leakage of hazardous substances: leakage control tools, detection equipment, plugging tools , unblocking equipment, etc.;
(3) Personal protective equipment: protective clothing, gloves, boots, respiratory protection devices, etc.;
(4) Communication and communication equipment: walkie-talkies, mobile phones, telephones, fax machines, telegrams, etc.;
(5) Medical support equipment: ambulances, stretchers , splints, oxygen, first aid kits, etc.;
(6) Emergency power equipment: mainly standby generators;
(7) Information: Computers and related databases and software packages, reference books, process documents, action plans, bills of materials, etc.;
3 live maps and related charts
Maps and charts are the most concise language and are an important tool for emergency rescue, enabling emergency rescue personnel to master a large amount of information necessary in a short period of time.
Maps can best be generated by computers quickly and easily. They should be part of computer-assisted systems. Many electronic maps and emergency aid computer-aided decision systems have been successfully developed and implemented. The map used should not be too complex. Its level of detail is best determined by the user. The symbols to be used must be in compliance with pre-determined regulations or relevant standards of the national or government agencies. Maps should be updated in a timely manner to ensure that they reflect the latest changes.
The map includes plant planning maps, process piping maps, public works drawings (firefighting facilities, water pipe networks, power grids, sewer lines, etc.) and feature maps (such as schools, hospitals, residential areas, tunnels, etc.) that can reflect off-site emergency rescue-related features. Bridges and freeways, etc.)