Emergency - emergency emergency knowledge

First, electric shock

Electric shock, also called electric shock, is the electrical damage caused by a certain current or electric energy through the human body. Inadvertent contact with circuits or the use of electrical leakage devices, as well as fire, earthquakes, and windstorms, all contribute to electrical shock.

Emergency points >>>

● When it is found that someone has an electric shock, turn off the switch immediately and turn off the power. If it is not possible to disconnect the power in time, use dry sticks, belts, rubber products and other insulating objects to pick up charged objects on the person who is getting an electric shock.

● Immediately call the alarm, emergency call.

● Release the tightness that hinders the electric shock

● Immediately rescue on the spot. If breathing stops, artificial respiration should be used to rescue the patient ; if the heart stops beating, an artificial chest cardiac compression method should be used to rescue.

● If you have electric burn wounds, you should go to the hospital promptly after dressing.

Expert Tips >>>

â—†Professional employees should take adequate protective measures before live working.

â—†Before using electrical equipment, read the instructions carefully and master the correct operation method.

â—† If an electric wire that is found in the ground or immersed in water is found outdoors, whether it is charged or not, it should be considered as charged. Should stay away, do not pick up by hand, and immediately inform the power supply department ( dial 95558) .

â—† Don't use wet articles to touch the live items on the person who is charged and the power switch, jack, and not to take the wires or contact with someone who has not been disconnected from the power supply.

Second, sudden death

Sudden death refers to the fact that when a person works, lives or exercises, he or she naturally occurs and unexpectedly dies. The most common causes of sudden death are coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction and arrhythmia.

Emergency points >>>

● Immediately place the patient on a hard plate or on the ground for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and call 120 emergency calls.

● The rescuer uses the index finger and the middle fingertips to touch the midline of the patient's throat. The male patient can first touch the throat and then slide it to the midpoint of the trachea of ​​the rescue patient by 2 to 3 centimeters, softly at the tracheal soft tissue. Touch the neck artery to check for pulsation. Do not check for more than 10 seconds. Do not use too much force, do not touch both sides at the same time, do not oppress the trachea.

● Emergency use of emergency medications. Angina patients with sublingual nitroglycerin or nitric acid

Expert Tips >>>

â—† Do not move the patient at will.

â—† You must use an ambulance to transport patients. Do not use taxis or other vehicles.

â—† Do not panic, yelling and screaming to avoid aggravating the patient's condition.

Three, snake bites

Snakes are mainly distributed in Hunan viper, coral snake and three kinds acutus. Snake bites are more common in summer and autumn. The poisonous glands in the mouth of poisonous snakes are connected to the fangs through detoxification tubes. When the snake bites, the snake toxins in the poison glands are injected into human tissues. According to its nature, snake venom can be divided into three categories : neurotoxic, blood-borne, and mixed-toxic.

Emergency points >>>

Poisonous snake features

● Bound the injured limb. The injured person should immediately sit or lie down, lower the bitten limb, and quickly tie the proximal end of the wound with a string such as a shoelace or belt. If the finger is bitten, the root can be tied ; the palm or forearm is bitten. The injury can be tied to the elbow ; the toe can be bitten to bind the toe root ; the foot or calf can be tied under the knee ; the thigh can be tied to the thigh. Then squeeze around the wound with a hand, or use a tool to remove the venom from the body. The lashing area should be loosened for 1 to 2 minutes every 15 to 30 minutes , and the lashing time should not exceed 2 hours, so as to avoid limb ischemic necrosis.

● Clean the wound. Immediately rinse the wound and surrounding skin with cool water, spring water, soapy water or a 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution and wash off the wound surface venom.

● Cut the wound detoxification. If there are residual toxic teeth in the wound, they should be picked out quickly. Use other sharp objects such as a knife or broken glass ( best to be sterilized by fire before use ) . Make a cross cut with the tooth mark as the center, deepen the skin subcutaneously, then use the hand. Repeatedly squeezing from the proximal end of the limb to the direction of the wound and around the wound, causing the venom to be excreted from the incised wound, flushing the wound with clean water while squeezing it, and washing and detoxifying for 20-30 minutes. Afterwards, if you carry a cup with your cup, you can do a cupping treatment on the wound. First light a small piece of paper in the cup, and then quickly fasten the cup to the wound so that the cup is tightly attached to the skin around the wound, using the negative pressure generated in the cup. venom. If there are no teacups, you can also use the mouth to suck wounds to detoxify them, but the sucker's mouth and lips must be undamaged and have no caries, otherwise there is a danger of poisoning. The aspirate venom is then spit out and rinse with clean water.

● Local cooling. After removing the venom, cool the area with cold water. If conditions permit, it is best to first immerse the injured limb in cold water at 4 to 7 degrees Celsius for 3-4 hours. Then use an ice pack instead. Cold towels are applied coldly around the wound to reduce the body's ability to absorb toxins.

● If you have a snake medicine next to you, you can immediately take oral medicine to relieve the poison. When the injured person is thirsty, they can drink water, but do not drink alcohol or drink excitement such as strong tea or coffee.

● Dial 120 emergency phone for help and rush to the hospital for treatment.

Expert Tips >>>

â—† Serpents should be calm after bite, do not panic, do not run, try to keep the wound site immobile, to avoid rapid spread of venom to the body.

â—† Once bitten by a snake. To quickly determine whether it is a snake bite, the first is to look at the snake : Viper's head is mostly a triangle, the body has a color pattern, the tail is short and thin ; non-toxic snake head is mostly oval, body color is monotonous, tail thin and long. It is best to kill the biting snake for diagnostic reference. The second is to look at the wound : the serpent bite wound epidermis often has 1 pair of large and deep tooth marks, or 1 pair of large teeth marks above the 2 small tooth marks, and some large tooth marks even have broken teeth ; non-venomous snake bites There are no teeth marks, or there are 2 symmetrical small tooth marks. If a snake bite occurs

If you can't see the serpent at night, and you can't tell if it was a snake, you mustn't wait for a change in the wound to determine whether it was bitten by a snake. At this point, it must be treated as a poisonous snake bite.

â—† Regular field operators should always prepare venom drugs to prevent accidents.

Fourth, fracture

Fractures can occur either in peacetime or during exercise. The causes of fractures can be classified as traumatic.

Emergency points >>>

● Use both hands to stabilize and support the injured area, limit the movement of the fracture site, place a cushion, and properly fix the injured limb with a bandage, splint, or substitute.

● If the upper limb is injured, the injured limb is fixed on the chest ; forearm injury can be suspended from the neck with a book, etc., to provide temporary protection. Don't try to stand with a broken lower limb, place the injured and healthy limbs together and band them together . Spinal fractures should place the patient on a stretcher and carry it horizontally. Do not allow the patient to move in a bent position to avoid injury. spinal cord.

● Should raise the injured limb and reduce swelling.

● If the injured limb is distorted, the injured limb can be straightened along the axis of the skeleton by traction ; if it causes severe pain or whitening of the skin, it should stop immediately.

●After the bandaging is completed, if the injured person suffers from paralysis or pulse disappearance, the bandage should be released immediately.

● If there is dirt in the wound, do not wash it with water, use drugs, and do not try to reset the broken bone that is exposed outside the wound. The wound should be covered with sterile gauze and then properly bandaged.

● If foreign matter has been embedded in the wound, do not remove it. You can apply dressings on both sides of the foreign body to directly stop the bleeding, raise the injured area, and bandage around the foreign body. Be careful not to push foreign objects into the wound and cause more damage.

● Call 120 emergency phone for help.

Expert Tips >>>

â—† Pay attention to the rescue action and do not increase the injuries.

â—† Pay attention to sterilization and do not infect the wound or cause tetanus.

Fifth, foreign body obstruction of the respiratory tract

Respiratory foreign body obstruction refers to an obstruction or disorder of the airways caused by acute external or internal causes. If the airway obstruction cannot be quickly resolved, complete breathing will occur and the heartbeat will stop.

Emergency points >>>

● The ambulancemen can stand behind the patient and hold the patient's waist with both hands. The fist is in one hand. One side of the thumb is pressed against the patient's upper abdomen under the xiphoid process. The navel is slightly above, and the other hand presses against the fist-handed hand. Firmly press the patient's abdomen to press inwards quickly.

● When the patient is unclear and falls unconscious, the ambulanceman should face the patient. The two legs should be placed on both sides of the patient's body and the hands should be placed on top. The bottom of the palm should be placed under the xiphoid process on the patient's upper abdomen and the navel should be slightly above. The patient's upper abdomen is pressed rapidly inwards.

● When infants and young children have foreign body obstruction of the respiratory tract, they must face the child face down, head below the body, placed on the forearm of the rescuer, and then support the forearm above the thigh, using the same hand to support the child's head, neck On the chest, the back of the child's scapula was patted with the other hand, causing it to spit out foreign material. If it does not work, turn the child over and place it upside down on your thigh, hold it on your back, lower your head and use your index finger and middle finger to press down on your lower chest ( a horizontal finger below the midpoint of the line between the two nipples). ) Repeatedly performing back and chest compressions until foreign matter is discharged

● For persons with respiratory arrest, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation should be performed after the foreign body is discharged.

Expert Tips >>>

â—† When children or elderly persons are obstructed by the foreign body, take rescue measures immediately and call 120 emergency phone for help.

â—† In the event of an accident in a pregnant woman or obese person, the lower part of the sternum should be pressed vertically.

Sixth, drowning

Drowning water refers to people who are flooded due to respiratory tract irritation, suffocation, contraction of obstruction, suffocation and hypoxia, requiring emergency rescue.

Emergency points >>>

● If a drowning person is found, he should be rescued from the water as soon as possible. However, if the rescuer does not know how to rescue the water and if he does not understand the water conditions at the scene, he cannot use the water easily. He can make full use of on-site equipment, such as ropes, rafts, and lifebuoys to save people.

● Place the drowning person on the ground, quickly open his mouth and remove foreign substances such as silt and weeds from the mouth and nose to keep the respiratory tract open.

●Pour out intra-abdominal inhalation, but be careful not to pour water and delay rescue time. Pouring water : Place the drowning person on the thighs of the rescuer's knees. With his head down, press his back to force the respiratory tract and stomach inhalation.

● When the drowning person has stopped breathing or is extremely weak, he or she should immediately perform artificial respiration and if necessary, perform chest cardiac compression.

Expert Tips >>>

â—†Because of breathing, the heartbeat may stop again after a short-term recovery, so don't give up artificial respiration. Always stick to the professional rescue personnel.

â—† Minors should not use the method of calling for help if they are not suitable for the rescue of water.

â—† Loss of consciousness, should be placed in the lateral position, and pay attention to keep warm.

â—† While on-site rescue, dial 120 emergency calls as soon as possible .

Seven, burns and burns

Burns and burns are common in everyday life. Burns are particularly common in children under 3 years of age. If they can take timely help, they can effectively reduce the degree of injury.

Emergency points >>>

● After scalding, remove the heat source quickly and leave the scene. Rinse the wound with water for 10 minutes or more at the first time . If the burn is light and there is no wound, you can apply sesame oil, burn ointment or toothpaste on the affected area.

● For burns, after blocking the heat source, try to make the air flow as much as possible, and then carefully

Go to wounds and surrounding clothing, belts, watches, necklaces, rings, shoes, etc. Stick to

The clothes on the wound surface should be cooled with cold water and then slowly removed.

● In the event of severe burns or burns, apply a dressing ( such as a clean cloth ) to cover the wounded area and immediately take it to the hospital.

Expert Tips >>>

â—† When dealing with high temperature, electricity or chemicals, pay special attention to the protection of the skin.

â—† Even if it is a mild burn or burn, you should go to the hospital after your own treatment.

â—† If scald or burns are severe, do not use scald ointment or other oils, and do not puncture blisters.

Eight, cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Cardiopulmonary , respiratory arrest first aid, referred to as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, artificial chest compression and mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration are usually used.

Emergency points >>>

● At the same time that any emergency begins, you should call the 120 emergency number in time.

● Before rescue, the rescuer must first ensure the safety of the site, determine the patient's breathing, the pulse does stop, and then perform the rescue.

● The rescuer first puts the patient supine on a solid plane, and then naturally separates his legs, shoulder-width apart, and falls on the side between the patient's shoulder and waist.

● Resuscitation method : Hold the patient's nose on both sides with one hand. Raise the patient's jaw with the other index finger and middle finger. Take a deep breath and use the mouth to breathe in the patient's mouth. Relax the nostrils after the air-blowing stops and let the patient call from the nostrils. gas. Repeatedly. Adult patients 14 to 16 times per minute . Children are 20 times per minute . The initial 6 to 7 times of blowing can be faster, and later it turns to normal speed. At the same time, the chest of the patient must be observed. Correct operation should be able to see the chest ups and downs, and feel the air flow escape.

● Thoracic cardiac compression : Let the patient's head and chest lie in the same horizontal plane, preferably lying on a hard surface. The rescuer's left palm root is placed in the lower half of the patient's sternum, and the right palm is placed on the back of the left hand. With the arm straight, use the weight of the body part to vertically press the chest 3 to 5 cm ( child 3 cm , infant 2 cm ) and relax. Do not leave the patient's chest while relaxing. Extrusion should be smooth, regular, and uninterrupted. The time to press down and relax should be roughly equal. Frequency for adults 80 to 100 times per minute, every minute l00 children, infants 120 times per minute.

Expert Tips >>>

â—† Cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be performed when the cardiac arrest is not long (within 3 to 4 minutes ) .

â—† When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the patient should be supine on a flat or hard plate.

Nine, chest and abdomen trauma

When a sharp weapon pierced the chest, abdomen or intestinal accident, it cannot be handled arbitrarily, so as not to endanger the lives of the injured due to excessive bleeding or severe organ infection.

Emergency points >>>

● The weapon that has pierced the chest and abdomen must not be taken out. Look for something to fix the weapon nearby and immediately send the injured to the hospital.

●Because the abdomen has caused the bowel to escape from the body, do not return the prolapsed bowel to the abdominal cavity. Should be covered in the gut out of sterile gauze or disinfection cloth, and then use a clean bowl or basin buckle on the wound, with a bandage or tape fixed, and quickly sent to the hospital.

● Call 120 emergency calls in time.

Expert Tips >>>

â—† If you pull out a weapon that pierced the chest and abdomen, it will cause massive bleeding to the wounded and endanger life.

â—† If you return the bowel to the abdomen, you can easily cause serious infections.

Ten, eye burns

Accidental exposure to various chemical solutions or dust, or inadvertent exposure to strong chemical gases, can cause eye burns.

Emergency points >>>

● After the eyes have been burned with chemicals, rinse eyes with plenty of fresh water such as tap water and distilled water as soon as possible.

● Do not splash and unharmed eyes when flushing.

● The entire face can be soaked in water, continuous blinking and closed eyes.

● After washing, cover the injured eye with a clean dressing and quickly go to the hospital.

Expert Tips >>>

â—† Injury to the eyes, rinse immediately with fresh water on the spot.

â—† Do not rub your eyes with your hands.

â—† After flushing yourself, you still need to go to the hospital for treatment.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.