Aluminum smoothing process

I. Introduction

The anodized aluminum alloy pretreatment process is an important step in determining the appearance quality of the product. Various quality requirements such as removal of the mechanical profile, sanding, matt, and brightening are determined by the pretreatment process. The traditional pre-treatment process is divided into three types:

(1) Alkaline erosion process: degreasing → washing → alkaline etching → washing → washing → light extraction → washing → washing → oxidation: after the deoiling of the profile, alkali etching is performed in the alkali etching pit to remove the mechanical grain and Natural oxide film, sand, and then out of the surface of the light tank to remove the black and gray, can be anodized. The core process of this process is alkali etching, and the smoothness of the surface of the profile and the quality of sanding are all determined by this process. In order to achieve the purpose of leveling the mechanical pattern, alkali etching is generally required for 12-15 minutes, the aluminum consumption is 40-50Kg/T, and the alkali consumption is 50Kg/T. Such high aluminum consumption not only wastes resources, but also brings serious environmental problems and increases the cost of wastewater treatment. The process has been used for more than 100 years. Most of the world's aluminum plants are still in use today. Until the last two years, they were gradually replaced by acid etching.

(2), acid etching process: degreasing → washing → etching → washing → washing → alkaline etching → washing → washing → light → water washing → washing → oxidation. After the deoiling profile, the material is etched first, then alkali etched, lighted out, and the pretreatment is completed. The core process of the process is acid etching, and the mechanical degaussing and sanding are determined by acid etching. Different from alkaline etching, the greatest advantage of acid etching is that it has strong mechanical texture, quick sand development, and low aluminum consumption. Generally, it can be completed in 3-5 minutes, and aluminum consumption is almost 1/8-1/6 of alkaline corrosion. From the perspective of work efficiency and resource conservation, acid etching is undoubtedly a major advancement in alkaline etching processes. However, the environmental problems of acid etching are even more pronounced: the escape of toxic gas HF in acid tanks and the pollution of water tanks. Fluorides are generally highly toxic and are more difficult to handle. In addition, after the acid etching treatment, the appearance of the profile is dark and dark, although the alkali etching and light emission may have to be continued, it may be brighter, but it is still very dark, which not only increases the process but also loses the gloss. These problems have not yet been effective. solution.

(3) Polishing process: It consists of degreasing, washing, polishing, washing and washing. After the oil is deoiled, the profile is placed in the polishing tank. After 2-5 minutes of polishing, the mirror can be formed and can be directly oxidized after washing. The core process of the process is polishing, and the patterning and mirroring are all done in the polishing tank. Polishing has the advantages of low aluminum consumption and bright profile, but the escape of NOx in the polishing tank causes serious environmental pollution and physical injury to operators. At the same time, factors such as the cost of expensive chemical raw materials also restrict the promotion of the process. Throughout the above three processes, although they have their own characteristics, but the disadvantages are also more prominent, such as high alkali consumption of aluminum, alkaline residue, low efficiency; acid fluoride pollution, dark profiles; polishing pollution is serious, the cost is too high and so on. These processes either pollute the environment, or waste aluminum resources, or reduce the surface quality of aluminum, urgently need to carry out process improvement. The company's XY-Z leveling brightener is a brand-new surface treatment technology designed to make up for the deficiencies of the above three pretreatment processes.

Second, leveling light process so-called leveling light process, is followed by polishing, alkaline etching, etching after the introduction of a new surface pretreatment process, is a profound transformation and evolution of alkali etching, etching process, it has both It has the advantages of low consumption of etched aluminum, strong mechanical texture, and quick sanding, but it also has beautiful polishing, but it basically eliminates the disadvantages of polishing NOx pollution, acid etching fluoride pollution, alkali corrosion alkaline residue pollution, etc. Promising and revolutionary new process.

(A), process leveling brighter than the acid etching, alkali etching is much simpler, even simpler than the polishing process, mainly composed of the following processes: Leveling light → washing → washing → oxidation. The core of the process is leveling light, leveling the mechanical lines, sanding, light, etc. are all completed by leveling bright grooves, after the leveling light can be oxidized, eliminating the oil, alkali corrosion, and other processes.

(II) Profiles The profiles that have been treated with leveling and brightening technology have three major characteristics: 1. Leveling: Under the effect of leveling agents, mechanical patterns can be completely removed within 1-5 minutes, and the surface is particularly smooth. 2. Fine sand: Under the action of the sanding agent, a uniform layer of fine sand is formed on the surface of the profile, which is difficult to achieve with sand blasting and acid etching techniques. 3. Bright: Under the effect of brightener, the profile surface is very bright, almost comparable to polished materials.

(III) Applicable Scope 1. Building profiles: After the silver material is leveled and bright, the surface is very smooth, bright and finely grained; the combination of coloring, dyeing, and leveling and brightening technologies makes the profile surface behave like after being waxed. Brightness; The combination of electrophoresis and leveling and brightening technology can greatly improve the profile grade. 2. Industrial materials: All kinds of industrial materials made of aluminum alloy, such as automobile wheels, bicycle rings, bicycle frames, etc., can be treated with leveling and brightening technology to replace mechanical polishing and improve production efficiency and product quality. 3, household appliances: many household appliances aluminum shell, can use this technology to improve the appearance of quality. Lighting and decorative materials can also use this technology.

(D), process specification 1, slotting: leveling bright liquid (grooving liquid) 2, production: Temperature: 95-110 °C Time: 1-5min 3. Add: When the liquid level of the bath can not meet the production requirements, The supplement should be added in time. Be sure to add to the initial level when adding supplements. After the addition, the bath should be thoroughly stirred before starting production. 4.Management: The management of leveling and brightening trough is very simple, and it can be added according to the proportion in time. The dissolved and brought out AL3+ can reach equilibrium, and the service life of bath is more than 3 years. 5. Consumption: The aluminum consumption is lower than that of acid etching, which is equivalent to polishing. The leveling brightener consumption is about 200-250Kg/T.

Third, the technology contrast leveling bright technology is based on alkali corrosion, acid etching, polishing technology developed on the basis of, she absorbed the advantages of the first three technologies, while avoiding its shortcomings, is - a rare technical breakthrough.